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Classification
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Do Now How would you organize the following
words?
Steak, football, sausage, chair, table, bacon, sofa, baseball bat, cleats, ham, bookcase
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Think – Pair - Share 1. Why do scientists organize or classify
living things?
2. What other systems of classification do you see in daily life?
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Turn to a different partner! Try to classify the following into groups. Make a
title to each group!
Violet Onion Honeysuckle Dolphin
Cat Bat Rosemary Oak
Sea Bass Bear Crow Apple
Blackberry Bush
Eel Wolf Owl
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Add in the following animals
Does it change your classification at all?
Bacteria Grass Octopus
Amoeba Ring Worm (fungi)
Cactus
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Chapter 17.1 Taxonomy
Linnaeus’s system of classification was the first formal system of taxonomy. Taxonomy - the science of classification of
organisms Taxon - a grouping in the classification system
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Binomial Nomenclature Linnaeus’s method of naming organisms,
called binomial nomenclature, gives each species a scientific name with two parts.
The first part is the genus name, and the second part is the specific epithet, or specific name, that identifies the species.
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Why do we need scientific names? What is the scientific name for humans? Homo sapiens
What is the scientific name for cats? Felis catus
What do you notice about how I write those names?
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Writing Scientific Names The first letter of the genus name always
is capitalized If a scientific name is written in a printed
book or magazine, it should be italicized. When a scientific name is written by hand,
both parts of the name should be underlined.
After the scientific name has been written completely, the genus name will be abbreviated to the first letter in later appearances (e.g., C. cardinalis).
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How would you write the following names? Species: auratus Genus: carassius
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Do Now – write the scientific name for the giraffe.
COMMON NAME: giraffe KINGDOM: Animalia PHYLUM: Chordata CLASS: Mammalia ORDER: Artiodactyla FAMILY: Giraffidae GENUS giraffa (one who walks swiftly) SPECIES: camelopardalis (camel marked
like a leopard)
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Determining Relationships Originally, Classification was based on
similarities between organisms Now, we classify organisms based on
evolutionary relationships
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Classification of Living Things
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Taxonomic Categories Each category is contained within another,
and they are arranged from broadest to most specific.
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SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
COMMON NAME: giraffe KINGDOM: Animalia PHYLUM: Chordata CLASS: Mammalia ORDER: Artiodactyla FAMILY: Giraffidae GENUS SPECIES: Giraffa (one who walks
swiftly) camelopardalis (camel marked like a leopard)
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Do Now Place the following in order of most
specific to least: Phylum Order Species Kingdom Genus Family Domain Class
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3 Domains System Archaea - Prokaryotes, extremophiles
(live in extreme environments), no oxygen!
Bacteria – Prokaryotes, very diverse, cell walls made of peptidoglycan.
Eukarya – Eukaryotes (4 Kingdoms)
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Kingdom Protista
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Protists are classified into three different groups—plantlike, animal-like, and funguslike.
Protists are eukaryotic organisms that can be
unicellular, colonial, or multicellular.
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Kingdom Fungi
Organizing Life’s Diversity
A fungus is a unicellular or multicellulareukaryote that
absorbs nutrients from organic materials in its environment.
Member of Kingdom Fungi areheterotrophic, lack motility, and have cell
walls.
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Kingdom Plantae
Members of Kingdom Plantae form the base of all terrestrial habitats.
Organizing Life’s Diversity
All plants are multicellular and have cell walls composed of cellulose.
Most plants areautotrophs, but some are heterotrophic.
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Kingdom Animalia
All animals are heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes.
Organizing Life’s Diversity
Animal organs often are organized into complex organ systems.
They live in the water, on land, and in the air.
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Organizing Life’s Diversity
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Conclusion Activity1. Which of these is the highest level of classification?
A. classB. familyC. orderD. phylum
2. The five-kingdom classification system had to be changed to a three-domain, six-kingdom system because of the discovery of _______.
A. fungiB. protistsC. archaebacteriaD. prokaryotes
3. Which kingdom contains heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes?
A. AnimaliaB. FungiC. PlantaeD. Protista
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Conclusion Activity1. Which pair of organisms is more closely related? 1. Quercus alba2. Cornus alba3. Quercus rubra
A. 1 and 2B. 2 and 3C. 1 and 3D. Can’t determine
2. Why aren’t mushrooms classified as plants?
A. They are heterotrophs.B. They don’t have cell walls.C. They don’t absorb nutrients from their environment.
D. They lack motility—the ability to move.