classifying the science of organisms taxonomy · kingdom eubacteria & kingdom archaebacteria...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
TAXONOMYThe Science of
Classifying Organisms
![Page 2: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Why do we need to classify?●Imagine a store…..how do you know where
to find the milk or the cereal? Are they in the same aisle? How is the store “organized”? Are all stores similar?
●Imagine your computer or mp3 player…..are all of your songs and files in a single folder or do you have them grouped in some way?
![Page 3: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
When you have a lot of information, it is best to organize and group items so that you can find them easier or easily see their relationship to other items
….this is why we CLASSIFY
Even websites must organize their products
![Page 4: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Scientists also need a way to *NAME* organisms
●The “common names” used by people can sometimes be misleading or confusing
●In order to communicate effectively, biologists need a CONSISTENT naming protocol.
*Check out these slides of confusing names…..
![Page 5: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Photo CreditsSea Lion: Bill LimAnt Lion: AmphioxusLion: law_keven
Sea Lion?
Antlion?
Lion?
![Page 6: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Which one of these is NOT actually a bear?
Photo CreditsPanda: Chi KingKoala: BelgianchocolateBlack Bear: SparkyLeigh
![Page 7: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
What kind of organism is it?(invertebrate, mammal, insect, fish, reptile..)1.Sea Monkey2.Firefly3.Ringworm4.Jellyfish5.Spider monkey6.Crayfish7.Sea Horse
Photo Credit: Audringje; flickr
![Page 8: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Consider this………..
●Are all “Grey Wolves” gray?
●Are all “Black Bears” black?
●Which is more venomous – a water moccasin or a cottonmouth?
Grey wolves can be white, black and any shade of gray.Black bears can also be brown or grayA cottonmouth and a water moccasin are the same animal – the names vary by region.
![Page 9: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Naming and Organizing are part of the same process
●The system was developed by Carolus Linnaeus who used Greek and Latin names for organisms
●He also created a system where we place all organisms into a few *large* groups - KINGDOMS - and then those groups are further divided into smaller groups
![Page 10: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Grouping
●Kingdom●Phylum●Class●Order●Family●Genus●Species
Each group gets smaller and more specific – just think of the way you file things on your computer into folders and subfolders
![Page 11: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
To help you remember the list
KING PHILIP CAME OVER FOR GREAT SOUP
Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species
![Page 12: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
HumansKingdom AnimaliaPhylum ChordataClass MammaliaOrder PrimateFamily HominidaeGenus HomoSpecies sapiens
The scientific name is always the genus + species
Humans = Homo sapiensPhoto by atomicshark
![Page 14: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Lion Tiger Pintail DuckKingdom Animalia Animalia Animalia
Phylum Chordata Chordata Chordata
Class Mammalia Mammalia Aves
Order Carnivora Carnivora Anseriformes
Family Felidae Felidae Anatidae
Genus Panthera Panthera Anas
Species Leo Tigris acouta
What are the scientific names of each of these organisms?
![Page 15: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
More on Naming..
●The system of naming is called BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE - which means it is a 2-name system.
●Scientific names must either be underlined or italicized
●The genus is always capitalized, the species is lowercase
●Can be abbreviated. Ex. F. leo and F. tigris
![Page 16: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
What is a species?
Defined as organisms that can interbreed with one another, and produce fertile offspring
![Page 17: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
When two organisms of different species interbreed, the offspring is called a HYBRID
Example: ligers and mules
![Page 18: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Check for Understanding
1. Fill in the blanks: Kingdom, _____________, Class, Order, ________________, Genus, _______________
2. Which two groups are used for an organism's scientific name?
3. Which of the following pairs is MOST closely related? Acer rubrum & Acer saccharum Acer rubrum & Chenopodium rubrum 4. The system we use for naming is called ____________ nomenclature.
5. The science of classification is called ________________
![Page 19: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
The Kingdoms
There are currently 6 kingdoms
![Page 20: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Classification into a kingdom is based on certain criteria
-Number of cells (unicellular or multicellular)
-How it obtains energy (heterotroph or autotroph)
-Type of cell (eukaryote or prokaryote)
![Page 21: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Quick Vocabulary Lesson
1. Heterotroph _______________________________2. Autotroph ________________________________
3. Unicellular ________________________________4. Multicellular ________________________________
5. Prokaryote ________________________________6. Eukaryote _________________________________
Some non-science words….
7. famished ___________________________8. mobility (motility) ___________________________
![Page 22: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Kingdom Animalia
●Multicellular●Heterotrophic●Most can move
●Examples: birds, insects, worms, mammals, reptiles, humans, anemones
Photo by Eduardo Amorim
Photo by Tambako the Jaguar
![Page 23: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Kingdom Plantae●Multicellular●Autotrophic●Eukaryotic ●Cannot move (due to cell walls)
![Page 24: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Kingdom Fungae
●Multicellular (most)●Heterotrophic (mainly decomposers)●Eukaryotic
Photos by nutmeg66
![Page 25: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Kingdom Protista
●Most are unicellular●Can be heterotrophic or autotrophic●Eukaryotes (all have nucleus)●Examples: Ameba, paramecium, euglena,
algae●Most live in water
Photo of Ameba by PROYECTO AGUA **/** WATER PROJECT
![Page 26: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria
●Unicellular●Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic●Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus)
Eubacteria = common bacteria (E. coli, Salmonella)
Archaebacteria = “ancient bacteria”, exist in extreme environments
![Page 27: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Three Domain System
Recently, scientists have added a group above Kingdom. Three groups, called DOMAINS, contain each of the six kingdoms.
Domain Eukarya - includes organisms composed of eukaryotic cells (plants, animals, fungi, protists)
Domain Bacteria - includes all prokaryotic cells, Kingdom Eubacteria
Domain Archaea - includes only "ancient" bacteria, Archaebacteria
![Page 28: Classifying The Science of Organisms TAXONOMY · Kingdom Eubacteria & Kingdom Archaebacteria Unicellular Can be autotrophic or heterotrophic Prokaryotes (do not have a nucleus) Eubacteria](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022805/5ca8c03588c99314128bf75d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)