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Classification of Organisms
Picture Vocabulary
Organisms and Environments
Taxonomy
The branch of science that formally names and classifies organisms by
their structure, function, and relationships.
Structure
The arrangement of parts that form a living thing.
Eukaryotic Cell
A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Prokaryotic Cell
A cell lacking a nucleus or any other membrane-enclosed organelle.
Unicellular Organism
An organism made up of one cell.
Multicellular Organism
An organism made up of more than one cell, and often made up of different types of cells.
Function
What something does.
Autotrophic Organism
An organism that obtains its nutrition from
simple, inorganic compounds.
Heterotrophic Organism
Unable to make its own food from simple
inorganic molecules.
Reproduction
The process by which organisms
produce more of their own kind.
Hydra budding
Sexual Reproduction
The reproductive process involving two parents
whose genetic material is combined to produce a
new organism different from themselves.
Asexual Reproduction
A method of reproduction that
requires only one parent.
Domains
The highest level of the taxonomic hierarchy; includes three groups: Archaea, Bacteria, and Eukarya.
Domain Bacteria
One of the three taxonomic domains; includes prokaryotic, single-celled organisms
that lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus and that can be classified by shape.
Domain Archaea
One of the three taxonomic domains; includes unicellular organisms that are
prokaryotic like bacteria, but also share characteristics with eukaryotes.
Domain Eukarya
One of the three taxonomic domains of organisms; cells contain a membrane-enclosed
nucleus.
Kingdoms
The second highest level in the taxonomic hierarchy; contains six groups: Archaea,
Bacteria, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, and Animalia.
Kingdom Bacteria
Kingdom of prokaryotic, single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-enclosed nucleus and
can be classified by shape.
Kingdom Archaea
Kingdom of unicellular organisms that are prokaryotic like bacteria, but also share
characteristics with eukaryotes.
Kingdom Protista
Kingdom of single-celled and simple multiple-celled eukaryotic organisms.
Kingdom Fungi
Kingdom of heterotrophic eukaryotes that reproduce through asexual spores and have
chitin in their cell walls.
Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom of autotrophic eukaryotes that includes all plants.
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom of heterotrophic eukaryotes that
includes all animals.