classless inter-domain routing {cidr} & subnetting phillip lafleur nathan grammes jonathan...
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CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING {CIDR}& SUBNETTING
PHILLIP LAFLEUR
NATHAN GRAMMES
JONATHAN BENNETT
1981
CLASSFUL NETWORK ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE
STEP 1: CONNECT A BUNCH OF COMPUTERS
STEP 2: DEVELOP ADDRESS SYSTEM
Internet Protocol (IP) Address
1981
CLASSFUL NETWORK ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE
192 . 168 . 5 . 13011000000.10101000.00000101.10000010BIT CONVERTER
1981
CLASSFUL NETWORK ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE
11000000.10101000.00000101.10000010
OctetOctet OctetOctet
32 Bits
1981
CLASSFUL NETWORK ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE
STEP 1: CONNECT A BUNCH OF COMPUTERS
STEP 2: DEVELOP ADDRESS SYSTEM
Internet Protocol (IP) Address
STEP 3: ASSIGN IP ADDRESSES
?
1981
CLASSFUL NETWORK ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE
The CLASSFUL NETWORK (ABRIDGED)
A B C
17 MILLION65 THOUSAND
254
Assigned based on 3 classes, , representing available hosts
What if you only need 3,000?
C C C C C C C C C C C CCluttered routing table.
BWaste 62,000+ addresses!
70.0.0.0
70.1.0.0 70.2.0.0
70.3.0.0 70.4.0.0
The CLASSFUL NETWORK (ABRIDGED)
1981
CLASSFUL NETWORK ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE
70.5.0.0 70.6.0.0 70.7.0.0 70.8.0.0
70.9.0.0 70.10.0.0 70.11.0.0 70.12.0.0
1981
CLASSFUL NETWORK ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE
1981
CLASSFUL NETWORK ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE
Available IP’s exhausted after 254 assignments of Class B.
PROBLEM
1981
CLASSFUL NETWORK ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE
INTERNET ENGINEERING TASK FORCE
0.0.0.130255.255.255.0
192.168.5 0.0.0.130
192.168.5.130
HOST NUMBERSUBNET
NETWORK PREFIX HOST NUMBER
IP ADDRESS
1993
CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING AND SUBNETTING
The SOLUTION (UNABRIDGED)
SUBNETTING
Let’s just divide our network into MANAGABLE bits.
1993
CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING AND SUBNETTING
The SOLUTION (UNABRIDGED)
SUBNETTING
Let’s just divide our network into MANAGABLE bits.
192.168.5.00.0.0.130
255.255.255.0192.168.5.130
Designates network prefix
255 = Entire Octet (0 – 254)
or (in binary)
Leading 1s and trailing 0s
1993
CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING AND SUBNETTING
The SOLUTION (UNABRIDGED)
SUBNETTINGNetwork prefix and host suffix can be found with binary operation AND.
11000000.10101000.00000101.00000000
00000000.00000000.00000000.10000010
11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
11000000.10101000.00000101.10000010AND
IP Address
Subnet Mask
Network Prefix
Host Number
1 AND 0 = 0 0 AND 0 = 0 1 AND 1 = 1
1993
CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING AND SUBNETTING
The SOLUTION (UNABRIDGED)
CIDR+SUBNETTINGCIDR represents the notation in which subnetting is represented.
IP / INITIAL BITS
192.168.5.130 / 24
11000000.10101000.00000101.10000010
192 . 168 . 5 . 130
1993
CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING AND SUBNETTING
The SOLUTION (UNABRIDGED)
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
70.1.0.0 / 23
70.1.0.0 – 70.1.1.254
510 Hosts
1993
CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING AND SUBNETTING
The SOLUTION (UNABRIDGED)
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
70.1.0.0 / 22
70.1.0.0 – 70.1.3.254
1020 Hosts
1993
CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING AND SUBNETTING
The SOLUTION (UNABRIDGED)
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
70.1.0.0 / 21
70.1.0.0 – 70.1.7.254
2046 Hosts
1993
CLASSLESS INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING AND SUBNETTING
The SOLUTION (UNABRIDGED)
IMPLICATIONS
70.0.0.0
70.1.15.0 / 22 70.1.16.0 / 12
70.1.16.0 / 15 70.1.12.0 / 16
1981
CLASSFUL NETWORK ADDRESSING ARCHITECTURE
IP ‘division’ via subnetting allows for specific distribution of IPs
AWESOME