Climate Change: Climate Change: A Primer on Carbon Offsets A Primer on Carbon Offsets

and Trading and Trading

Cypress Swamp CafeDec 12, 2007

Mark van SoestbergenICBE

We are here

Temperatures are projected to rise an additional 2 – 5°C in the 21st Century

What does What does thisthis Change in Climate mean? Change in Climate mean?

Summer Arctic Sea Summer Arctic Sea IceIce

19791979

20002000

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

What does What does thisthis Change in Climate mean? Change in Climate mean?

http://www.climatechoices.org/ne/

“Many of the world's climate zones may disappear by 2100, leaving new ones in their place unlike any that exist today”

“..we are going to be seeing climates that certainly are completely outside the range of modern human experience.."

26 March Scientific American article27 March Guardian article27 March IOL Reuters article

What does What does thisthis Change in Climate mean? Change in Climate mean?

Summers will be scorchersSummers will be scorchers

These maps show the projected increase in average daily July heat index relative to the present.

The largest increases are in the southeastern states, where the Canadian model projects increases of more than 25°F.

FloridaFlorida

- Reversal of summer-wet, winter-dry

- Brand new animal, plant and human disease vectors

- Sea level rise

- Super storms

Expected sea level increase 21st Century: ~ 1.2 meter

Featured, Treasure Island + 1 meter

Featured, St. Petersburg + 1.25 meter

Featured, Tampa + 1.5 meter

Yikes, Climate Change!Yikes, Climate Change!

What to do?What to do?

- Nothing- Adapt- Engage

Man invents the Kyoto Protocol!Man invents the Kyoto Protocol!

The Kyoto Protocol (KP) sets legally binding emissions targets for a basket of six greenhouse gases (GHG) for Annex I countries2.

Together, they must reduce their emissions by 5.2% below 1990 levels over the commitment period 2008-2012.

Rich leads, poor followsRich leads, poor follows

The Kyoto Protocol allows for project-based transactions in the form of Joint Implementation (JI) in Annex I countries, and for the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in non-Annex I countries. It also allows for direct emission trading between Annex I countries.

JI, CDM, IET

Kingdom of MoroccoKingdom of Morocco

Ministry of Land-Use Management, Water and the Ministry of Land-Use Management, Water and the EnvironmentEnvironment

The First Carbon Exhibition in North Africa and Middle East Region

Djerba, 22-24 September 2004

Moroccan CDM projectsMoroccan CDM projectsEnergy Efficiency projectsEnergy Efficiency projects

faouzi senhaji

GERERE

f.senhaji@iav.ac.ma

CD4CDM Project

The first Carbon exhibition in North Africa and Middle East region – Djerba, September 22-24, 2004

ONE-Street lighting projectONE-Street lighting project

Technical features :

– Installed capacity : 3 MW (15,000 x 200 W)

– Expected saving : 3 GWh / yr (200 W bulbs to replace 250 W bulbs)

– Components : 15,000 LCB of 200 W & PM

Financial issues :

– Total cost of the project : US $ 0.5 million

(Cost per bulb: US $ 27.3)

– Timing :

– Starting date : 2005

– Crediting period : 2006-2015

Project descriptionProject description

                                                                                                

                                                                                                

                                                                                                

                                                                                                

                                                                                                

                                                                                                

                                                                                                

                                                                                                

Gasoline is 85.5% carbonGasoline is 85.5% carbon

                                                                                                

1 gallon of conventional gasoline becomes172 cubic feet / 4.87 cubic meters of CO2

To sustain one person, the United States produces 20 tonne of CO2 per year.

The atmosphere now holds 30% more The atmosphere now holds 30% more carbon than a century ago.carbon than a century ago.

8

4.7

Humanemission rate in billiontC/yr

time

equilibrium

Latent atmospheric Carbon isabout 188 billion ton

Earth absorption ratein billiontC/yr de-carbonization pathway

Recommended links:

http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/products/vis/gallery/index.html

http://www.vets.ucar.edu/vg/categories/globalchange.shtml

http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/NPP/npp.html

http://cdiac.ornl.gov/trends/emis/em_cont.htm

http://climatechange.unep.net/jcm/

http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg1/index.htm

Mark van Soestbergenmark@icbe.com

352 367 1144 tel

352 335 9140 fax

Toward Climate Stability™