15 N

ov’1

1

CCCEADr. MCR HRD Institute of AP

Climate Change & Food

Security

Climate Changes in India

Increase in surface temperature by 0.4 degree C over the past century.

Warming trend along the west coast, in central India, the interior peninsula, and northeastern India.

Climate Changes in India

Cooling trend in northwest India and parts of South India.

Regional monsoon variations: increased monsoon seasonal rainfall along the west coast, northern Andhra Pradesh and North-western India, decreased monsoon seasonal rainfall over eastern Madhya Pradesh, North-eastern India, and parts of Gujrat and Kerala.

Climate Changes in India

Observed trends of multi-decadal periods of more frequent droughts, followed by less severe droughts.

Studies have shown a rising trend in the frequency of heavy rain events and decrease in frequency of moderate events over central India from 1951 to 2000.

4

Climate Changes in India

Records of coastal tide gauges in the north Indian ocean for the last 40 years has revealed an estimated sea level rise between 1.06-1.75 mm per year.

The available monitoring data on Himalayan glaciers indicates recession of some glaciers. 5

Per-capita Carbon –dioxide emission (Metric Tons)

USA Europe Japan China Russia India World average

0

5

10

15

20

25

20.01

9.4 9.87

3.6

11.71

1.02

4.25

Impacts of Climate Changes

Water resourcesAgriculture and food productionHealthForestsCoastal areas Vulnerability to extreme eventsBioenergyLivelihoodsEnvironmentEconomyEcology

7

National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC)

Protecting the poor and vulnerable sections of society through sustainable development sensitive to climate change

Achieving national growth objectives through a qualitative change in direction, ecological sustainability, mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions.

8

National Action Plan for Climate Change (NAPCC)

Efficient and cost effective strategies for end use Demand side Management.

Technologies for adaptation and mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions.

Promote sustainable development - Regulatory and voluntary mechanisms

9

Core of NAPCC - National MissionsNational Solar Mission:The

NAPCC aims to promote the development and use of solar energy for power generation and other uses with the ultimate objective of making solar competitive with fossil-based energy options.

National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency: Current initiatives are expected to yield savings of 10,000 MW by 2012.

These National Missions are being institutionalized by the respective Ministries/ Departments.

Core of NAPCC - National MissionsNational Mission on

Sustainable Habitat: To promote energy efficiency as a core component of urban planning.

National Water Mission: With water scarcity projected to worsen as a result of climate change, the plan sets a goal of a 20% improvement in water use efficiency through pricing and other measures.

Core of NAPCC - National MissionsNational Mission for Sustaining the

Himalayan Ecosystem: The plan aims to conserve biodiversity, forest cover, and other ecological values in the Himalayan region, where glaciers that are a major source of India’s water supply are projected to recede as a result of global warming.

National Mission for a “Green India”: Goals include the afforestation of 6 million hectares of degraded forest lands and expanding forest cover from 23% to 33% of India’s territory.

Core of NAPCC - National Missions

National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture: The plan aims to support climate adaptation in agriculture through the development of climate-resilient crops, expansion of weather insurance mechanisms, and agricultural practices.

National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change: To gain a better understanding of climate science, impacts and challenges, the plan envisions a new Climate Science Research Fund, improved climate modeling, and increased international collaboration. It also encourage private sector initiatives to develop adaptation and mitigation technologies through venture capital funds.

Source: New Indian Express

Climate Change will put

additional stress in rural

areas

Rural Livlihoods - ResourcesThe livelihoods of the rural poor are directly

dependent on environmental resources.

Are vulnerable to weather and climate variability

land Water

Forests

Energy

water stress

increases

groundwater levels recede

soil fertility declines

forest habitats

disappear.

Rural Poor Paying the most

Climate change will only exacerbate the vulnerabilities of the rural poor. As climate-sensitive, natural ecosystems deteriorate, subsistence will slip further out of reach.

India’s rural poor, who have least contributed to Climate Change, will pay some of the problem’s heaviest tolls.

In the life of a farmer climate Variability and Extreme events

are more important than climate change

Climate Change / Variability in Semi-arid regions

Precipitation is less than potential evapo-transpiration.

Low annual rainfall of 25 to 60 centimeters and having scrubby vegetation with short, coarse grasses; not completely arid.

Climate Change / Variability in Semi-arid regions

Climate Variability and extremes are an expected characteristic of semi-arid lands.

The people vulnerable to droughts, which trigger frequent subsistence crises

Increasing crop failures, dislocation, famine, poverty, increases stratification and the social inequities.

In Andhra Pradesh 2009 witness to• 50 years old drought • 100 years old flood

Food Security in India

AFPRO23 Human / Social Natural / Environmental / Physical Economic / Political

SCENARIO 1

Policies/Structures Vulnerability Adaptability

Rural Poverty Livelihoods Diversification

Appropriate Skills Water Management

Agriculture Production Water Resources

Energy

Climate Change

Community Empowerment

Bio Diversity

“VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT AND ENHANSING ADAPTIVE CAPACITY TO CLIMATE

CHANGE IN SEMI-ARID AREAS OF INDIA”

GSBC PROJECT INTEGRATED APPROACH

Major challenges of Agriculture

Climate change -

variability - extremes

Soil fertility Water management

Impact of hazardous

pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers

Burning of crop residue

Alkalinity of soils

Mahabubnagar District Rainfall Pattern

y = -4.6207x + 851.14

R2 = 0.1374

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

1100

1200

130019

5152

1952

5319

5354

1954

5519

5556

1956

5719

5758

1958

5919

5960

1960

6119

6162

1962

6319

6364

1964

6519

6566

1966

6719

6768

1968

6919

6970

1970

7119

7172

1972

7319

7374

1974

7519

7576

1976

7719

7778

1978

7919

7980

1980

8119

8182

1982

8319

8384

1984

8519

8586

1986

8719

8788

1988

8919

8990

1990

9119

9192

1992

9319

9394

1994

9519

9596

1996

9719

9798

1998

9919

9900

2000

0120

0102

2002

0320

0304

2004

0520

0506

2006

0720

0708

2008

0920

0910

2010

1120

1112

2012

1320

1314

Crop Water

Soil Climate

Energy Environment

FACILITATION RESEARCH

ACTIVITY

CAPACITYDEVELOPMENT

Field level interventions

CULTURAL

SPIRITUAL

BELIEFS

RITUALS

FESTIVALS

ALTARS

CREMATION

SOURCES (BIOMASS)

GOOD STOVES• TLUDs• Other stoves

CROP RESIDUE

POULTRY LITTER

WASTE MANAGEMENT• Sludge

PRACTICES

FOODPRESERVING FOOD

CLEANING

MEDICINE

MATTRESS

TOOTH POWDER

AIR QUALITY• CO2 / CH4

WATER TREATME

NT

AQUARIUM /

TERRARIUMS

BIOCHAR BRICKS

BIOCHAR URINALS

SOAK PITS

FILTERING MEDIA

INSECT REPELLEN

T

SOIL AMENDMENT

INCREASED PRODUCTIO

N SOIL TEMPERATUR

E REGULATED

MOISTURE RETENTION

WATER CONSERVATI

ON

NITROGEN / PHOSPHORO

US RETENTION

NURSERIESPESTICIDES

ADBSORBTION

SOIL MICROBES DENSITY

INCREASE

BIOCHAR COMPOST

EARTHWORMS INCREASE

TERMITES / ANTS

REPULSION

CARBON SEQUESTRAT

ION

ANIMALS

POULTRY - CH4

REDUCTION

LIVESTOCK - URINE AND

DUNG

FYM / COMPOST

BIOMASS

BIOCHAR

ENERGY

BIOCHARCULTURE

Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy, GEOhttp://e-geo.org | http://biocharculture.com

SOIL

BIOCHAR

BIOCHAR COMPOST

AGRICUTURE

PADDY METHANE

EMISSIONS REDUCTION

PESTICIDE & COMPLEX

CHEMICALS AFFECTS

MITIGATION

EMMISIONS REDUCTION FROM FARM

YARD MANURES

AND COMPOSTS

CROP RESIDUE

MANAGEMENT

ANIMALS

APPLICATION IN ANIMAL PLACES TO TAP URINE, SANITATION

AND EMISSIONS REDUCTION

RUMINANT ANIMALS METHANE

EMISSIONS REDUCTION

AS FEED ADDITIVE

SOAKING IN WITH

ANIMALS URINE AND EXCRETA -

VALUE ADDITION

ENERGY

SOURCE FROM

EFFICIENT TLUD COOK

STOVES

AS BY PRODUCT

FROM GASIFIER STOVES,

BOILERS ETC

CHARCOAL PRODUCTIO

N FROM BIOMASS /

WASTE MANAGEME

NT

HABITAT

BIOCHAR BRICKS

BIOCHAR IN AQUARIUMS

BIOCHAR IN POULTRY FARMS

BIOCHAR IN FRIDGES,

MATTRESSES, ETC.

SANITATION

BIOCHAR URINALS

BIOCHAR TOILETS

BIOCHAR IN CATTLE SHEDS

CLEANING PLATES / UTENSILS

BATHING

HEALTH

CLEANING TEETH

BIOCHAR TABLETS

BIOCHAR IN FOOD AS PART OF FOOD

PREPARATIONS

WATER

WATER PURIFICATION – COLOR,

ODOR, REMOVAL

OF HARMFUL

ELEMENTS, ETC.

RITUAL / SPIRITUAL

/ RELIGIOUS

/ PRACTICES

FIRE / ALTAR / YAGNAS / AGNIHOTRA

FIRE DURING

FESTIVALS

CREMATIONS

NATURAL / ARTIFICIAL FIRES IN

FORESTS / FIELDS, ETC.

BIOCHARCULTURE

BiocharcultureBiocharculture is the process of using

Biochar, including cultivation of crops

• Biochar is the charcoal produced from carbonaceous source material. Sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in terrestrial ecosystems

• Biocharculture is one of the means to integrate for sustainable cultivation and carbon sequestration.

• Biochar is usually produced at around temperatures 300 to 600 degrees centigrade for example as found in the common biomass cook stoves.

• Because of its macromolecular structure dominated by aromatic C, Biochar is more recalcitrant to microbial decomposition than uncharred organic matter

Biocharculture Adaptation benefits

Securing the crop from

drought and climate

variabiiity

Reclaim the degraded soils,

water conservation,

Lessen the impact of hazardous

pesticides and complex

chemicals & to reduce plant

uptake.reducing

emissions and increasing the sequestration of greenhouse

gases

Conversion of crop residue

into Biochar an option and

address carbon sequestration

Increase in crop yield

increases in C, N, pH, and

available P to the plants

Impacts of Biochar last

more than 1000 years.

Temperature regulation in

the soil

Reduction in leaching of the

bio / chem fertilizers applied

Increase in the soil microbes / worms at the

biochar and soil interface

CONTROL AND BIOCHAR - OKRA

Farmers focus80% ON CROP20% ON SOIL

BIOCHAR COMPOST

APPLICATION IN THE FIELDS

OKRA - CONTROL AND BIOCHAR PLOTS

CONTROL BIOCHAR COMPOST

4 KGS 8 KGS 12 KGS

1.5 FEET 6 FEET

CONTROL

BIOCHAR

Adaptation Objective

Initiatives Requirement

1 Better management of soil moisture

SMC conservation Addition of OM (compost, manures, GM,GLM) Cover crop, mulching, residue incorporation

- Support for Labor Cost

- Biomass availability

2 Efficient use of Ground water

Minimising the ground water usage for critical irrigation. Social regulations to control competitive digging of bore wells

- Credit support

- Community support

Increasing efficiency of water use

SRI under borewell and tanks

- Comm.support- Technical support

Micro-irrigation methods (drips, spriklers)

- Credit/financial support

Strategies to be followed in designing adaptations

Adaptation Objectives

Initiatives Requirement

3 Diversify crop / farm systems

Crop diversification from wheat, paddy to millets, Maize, Sorghum

Mono cropping to intercropping, mixed cropping

Soil fertility improvement through cropping systems

Encouraging horticulture

Biomass improvement/ integration of Multi-Purpose Trees

Improved implements

Easing bullock constraint

- Drought , stress r resistant varieties

- Timely availability of seeds, contingency seeds

- Credit for seeds

- CB on technology

- Good planting material

- Timely availability of implements

- Timely availability

of drought power- Marketing support

Adaptation Objectivr

Initiatives Requirement

4 Strengthening livestock production system

Health care system for preventive diseases Strengthening sheep and goat systems through CIG concept. Strengthening Fisheries production

- Support for man power

- Technical support

5 Promoting alternate livelihood activities for income

Promoting back yard poultry Heifer rearing Ram lamb rearing actvity

- Credit support

- Technical support

6 Creating Buffers Community managed fodder banks

Seed Banks to maintain buffer seed and seeds of contingent crops

- Infrastructure

- Capacity Building

- Manpower

BIOCHAR RESULTS

GSBC PROJECT, 2009 (DORUGHT PREVAILED DURING THE GROWING SEASON)

Methane Emissions from paddy fields

Biochar – livestock urine

BIOCHAR URINALS

TAPPING NITROGEN FROM URINE OF ANIMALS AND PEOPLE USING BIOCHAR

WATER – LESS PLANTS

BIOCHAR LINKS

Terra Preta Info - Indian conextBiochar ExperimentsBiochar - Alkaline soilsBiochar - Alkaline soils reportCharcoal production

Biochar ProductionMagh Biochar RetortGEO mini metal kilnARTI - Charcoal Biochar PlantsProsopis JulifloraProsopis Juliflora report

StovesMagh series tlud woodgas or microgasifier stovesAnila

Biochar UrineBiochar Urinals

Biochar Soil lifeTermitesEarthworms

Pottery ShardsIn soils

CleaningBiochar for Cleaning

Green BuildingsBiochar Bricks

Rural TrashBiochar plus

GSBC PROJECT ON CNN

BIOCHAR INDIA | BIOCHARCULTURE | GOOD STOVE | GEO | GOODPLANET

Thank you..Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy

Chief Executive Officer [CEO], GEOECOLOGY ENERGY ORGANISATION

[GEO] http://e-geo.org