climate change impacts on infrastructure water … · infrastructure & water management michael...
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CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE
IMPACTS ONIMPACTS ONINFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE
& & WATER MANAGEMENTWATER MANAGEMENT
Michael D’Andrea, M.E.Sc., P.Eng.Director, Water Infrastructure Management
Toronto Water
Presentation OverviewPresentation OverviewPresentation Overview
• Climate Change Effects
• Impacts From Recent Extreme Events
• Adaptive Management:– Sewer Design – Water Quality Improvement Project Designs– Drinking Water Quality– Water Supply Issues
• Conclusions
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Climate Change EffectsClimate Change EffectsClimate Change Effects
• Confidence in ability forecast global warming trends/projections on air temperature.
• Less certain about effects on precipitation.
• Increased open water evaporation expected as a result of warmer water temperatures: likely to affect future lake levels.
Climate Change Effects (contClimate Change Effects (contClimate Change Effects (cont’’’d)d)d)
• Evidence suggests that intensity of rainfall events may increase, as a result of increases in “precipitable water” content of the atmosphere:
- increased flooding risks- increased stream erosion
• Evidence leading to suggest substantial changes in seasonal distribution of flows and extremes:
- high and low flow conditions- greater winter runoff- reduced summer flows
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Our we seeing effects of Our we seeing effects of Our we seeing effects of Climate Change?Climate Change?Climate Change?
North York area of Toronto
• 7 extreme events over 20 year period
• storm return frequencies > 25 years
• severe flooding: surface and basement
• works designed and implemented for agiven storm condition - insufficient forlarger/subsequent event
• public confidence?
YEAR198519861987198819891990199119921993199419951996199719981999200020012002200320042005
Impacts of August 19, 2005 StormImpacts of August 19, 2005 StormImpacts of August 19, 2005 Storm
• 2-3 hour storm
• exceeded 1 in 100 year storm in north part of the City– Highway 401 to Steeles Avenue corridor
• City of Toronto rain gauge station recorded 153 millimetres
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Rain Gauge DataRain Gauge DataRain Gauge Data(August 19, 2005)(August 19, 2005)(August 19, 2005)
Rainfall ComparisonRainfall ComparisonRainfall Comparison
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20
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60
80
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Design May-00 Aug-05
Rainfall (max 3 hr mm)
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Damage SummaryDamage SummaryDamage Summary
• Flash floods of creeks, rivers and ravines
• Overflowed stream banks
• Watercourse bank erosion
• Damage to public and private infrastructure and property
• Sewer Backups
Flooding DamageFlooding DamageFlooding Damage
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Flooding DamageFlooding DamageFlooding Damage
Flooding DamageFlooding DamageFlooding Damage
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Flooding DamageFlooding DamageFlooding Damage
Flooding DamageFlooding DamageFlooding Damage
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SteelesSteelesSteeles Avenue @ Bathurst StAvenue @ Bathurst StAvenue @ Bathurst St(Friday, August 19, 2005)(Friday, August 19, 2005)(Friday, August 19, 2005)
Don Valley Parkway Don Valley Parkway Don Valley Parkway (Friday, August 19, 2005)(Friday, August 19, 2005)(Friday, August 19, 2005)
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Basement FloodingBasement FloodingBasement Flooding
Basement FloodingBasement FloodingBasement Flooding
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Basement FloodingBasement FloodingBasement Flooding
• Over 2,000 complaints & climbing
• Over 3,000 complaints in May 2000
Basement Flooding LocationsBasement Flooding LocationsBasement Flooding Locations(August 2005)(August 2005)(August 2005)
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Basement Flooding LocationsBasement Flooding LocationsBasement Flooding Locations(May 2000)(May 2000)(May 2000)
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Stream ErosionStream ErosionStream Erosion
• Over 140 sites (Toronto Water, Parks & TRCA) being investigated to prioritize repairs
• Damage ranges from fence damage to stream bank collapse
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Ellesmere Rd
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Exposed Trunk Sanitary Sewer
Road Infrastructure DamageRoad Infrastructure DamageRoad Infrastructure Damage
15
Military Trail @ Ellesmere RoadMilitary Trail @ Ellesmere RoadMilitary Trail @ Ellesmere Road(Saturday, August 20, 2005)(Saturday, August 20, 2005)(Saturday, August 20, 2005)
Finch Avenue @ Black CreekFinch Avenue @ Black CreekFinch Avenue @ Black Creek
16
Broken Watermain2 High Pressure Gas Mains
Bell CanadaPlant
Bell CanadaPlant
Toronto Hydro andRogers Cable
Broken Maintenance Hole
Parks Path
“““Adaptive ManagementAdaptive ManagementAdaptive Management”””
17
Design Standards?Design Standards?Design Standards?• Municipal Operations: service delivery focus
• Adapt:- change design thresholds?- change/alter service delivery expectations?- reduce I/I to sanitary sewer systems to the degree practical- joint responsibil ity (eg. homeowner - lot grading)
• Considerations in implementing changes:- increase sizing of storm sewers for minor system design? - what about areas without a major system design?
• Rebuild system/s &, if so, when & how?
Reality Check: Budget ForecastReality Check: Budget ForecastReality Check: Budget Forecast
252.1
338 .5
447. 3
492.0
53 5.5502.0
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
400.0
500.0
600.0
$ M
illion
s
2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
Underground Inf ras trut ure Plants & FacilitiesWat er Eff ic iency Program Wat er Loss Reduc tion StrategyWat er Meter Program Y ork Region Cost SharingWet Weat her Flow Management Biosolids ManagementEnvironment al Prot ec tion Basement Flooding ReliefBes t Prac tices & DSI
18
System DeficienciesSystem DeficienciesSystem Deficiencies
SEWERS WATERMAINS
0
50,000
100,000
150,000
200,000
250,000
300,000
199
9
200
0
200
1
200
2
200
3
200
4
200
5
200
6
200
7
200
8
200
9
201
0
201
1
201
2
201
3
201
4
201
5
201
6
201
7
201
8
201
9
202
0
202
1
202
2
202
3
202
4
202
5
YEARApproved Budg et Projected Costs
CO
STS
($10
00s)
Sewer & Sewer & Sewer & WatermainWatermainWatermain Renewal NeedsRenewal NeedsRenewal Needs
19
Water Quality ImpactsWater Quality ImpactsWater Quality Impacts
CominedCominedComined Sewer SystemSewer SystemSewer System
20
Wet Weather Flow Wet Weather Flow Wet Weather Flow Management FacilitiesManagement FacilitiesManagement Facilities
• 4 km, 3 metre diameter tunnel - 50 metres deep
• 7 shafts intercept flow from existing s ystem
• 3 - 30 metre diameter storage/interception shafts
• 85,000 cubic metres of total storage
• $52 million
WESTERN BEACHES STORAGE TUNNELWESTERN BEACHES STORAGE TUNNEL
Design Standards?Design Standards?Design Standards?
• MOE - Procedure F-5-5: “typical year” based analysis
• 1-2 combined sewer overflows permitted if impacting beach areas
• Questions:- does “typical year” need to be reviewed and adjusted over time?
- is current sizing appropriate - given expected driersummers with “extreme” storms?
- “reality check” & reduce expectations?
21
Water Treatment PlantsWater Treatment PlantsWater Treatment Plants(Taste & Odour Issues)(Taste & Odour Issues)(Taste & Odour Issues)
Compounding problems:- warmer lake temperatures- increased water clarity alongGreat Lakes nearshore
- nutrient enrichment
Design Considerations:- deeper intakes- improve treatment processes- O&M considerations- $
Daily Water ConsumptionDaily Water ConsumptionDaily Water Consumption
W at er C o n s u mp tio n 2 00 1(C ity of Tor on to and Yo rk Re gion )
1 ,00 0
1 ,20 0
1 ,40 0
1 ,60 0
1 ,80 0
2 ,00 0
2 ,20 0
2 ,40 0
Ja n F eb M ar A pr Ma y Ju n Jul A ug S ep Oct N ov Dec
Daily C ons um ption
A ver age A nn ua l Day
Tr an smiss ion Capa city
22
Water Supply ConsiderationsWater Supply ConsiderationsWater Supply Considerations
Warmer & Drier Summer Impacts on Supply:
• Groundwater serviced systems may be impacted: move towards servicing by lake based systems
• Increased demand for outdoor water use eg. lawn watering & irrigation:- build larger infrastructure?- reduce demand: public education, promote xeriscaping, seasonal pricing strategies?
ConclusionsConclusionsConclusions• Climatological changes are observed
• Municipal infrastructure and corresponding service delivery is being impacted by more frequent extreme events
• Public/political expectations are high
• More collaboration required among affected agencies
23
Conclusions (contConclusions (contConclusions (cont’’’d)d)d)
• Joint responsibility: public also assuming some responsibility and affecting change
• Adaptive management strategy advocated
• Standard design practices based on historical climate records - need to review based on projected new “norms”
Conclusions (contConclusions (contConclusions (cont’’’d)d)d)
• Need to establish service delivery targets & corresponding design standards
• Modify existing infrastructure - rather than build new
• Social/economic standpoint: assess the cost of adapting versus the losses that can be expected if we don’t!
24
CLIMATE CHANGECLIMATE CHANGE
IMPACTS ONIMPACTS ONINFRASTRUCTURE INFRASTRUCTURE
& & WATER MANAGEMENTWATER MANAGEMENT
Michael D’Andrea, M.E.Sc., P.Eng.Director, Water Infrastructure Management
Toronto Water
Basement Flooding LocationsBasement Flooding LocationsBasement Flooding Locations
25
Basement Flooding SourcesBasement Flooding SourcesBasement Flooding Sources
• Sanitary Sewer– Sewer backup– Blocked sewer drains– Local drainage problems resulting in high flows
in foundation drains
• Surface flooding– Poor lot grading– Window wells– Reverse slope driveways– Clogged drain pipes
Basement Flooding SourcesBasement Flooding SourcesBasement Flooding Sources
26