climate change technology needs assessments for thailand : adaptation in agricultural sector
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Climate Change Technology Needs Assessments for Thailand : Adaptation in Agricultural Sector. Morakot Tanticharoen. National Science and Technology Development Agency , Thailand. In 2010: - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Climate Change Climate Change
Technology Needs AssessmentsTechnology Needs Assessments for for
ThailandThailand ::Adaptation in Agricultural Adaptation in Agricultural
SectorSector
Morakot Tanticharoen
National Science and Technology Development Agency , Thailand
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2010 78Year (GDP = . %)
(2009) LLLLL LLLLL LL LLLLLLLLLL
: 11%Services: 55 %: 34 %
Agriculture 40%
Services 43% Industries 17%
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In 2010: flood damaged more than 1.76 million hectares causing the government to approve approximately 550 million USD to help flood victims.
November 2010 and June 2011 over 39 provinces in Thailand were experiencing drought, causing the government to allocate a budget of more than 13 million USD to relieve the problem
In 2011 ( 10 Oct): flood damaged more than 1.4 million hectares.
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In 2010 drought exacerbated the pandemic situation, damaging approximately 1 million hectares of cassava plantation and causing a 20-25% reduction in yields (Winotai, 2011).
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Scientific American October 2009,
Volume 301 No. 4Biotech’s Plans to Sustain
Agriculture
Biotechnology: new genes insertion and new traits; DNA
marker assisted breeding
Agronomic practices: precision agriculture based on remote
sensing and global positioning, new equipment for irrigation and new
planting technology
Drought tolerance and nitrogen-use efficiency (water-optimized product, reductions in nitrogen fertilizer use)
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SubsectorIdentification
Experts&
Stakeholders
Literature review
Technology Needs
Assessment (Prioritized)
Technology Action Plans
(capability, accessibility, policy, law & regulation,
social perception, user, etc.)
Barrier analysis
Process of Technology Needs AssessmentProcess of Technology Needs Assessment & Action & Action
plansplans
Experts&
Stakeholders
Experts& Stakeholders
& National Consultation
Literature review
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LLLL Cassava Sugar Shrimp
(%) 281.9
338.0
612.203.7
Rank 1 1 2 1
12Ranked th 2in the world food exporter (010)
Thailand’s Agri Thailand’s Agricultureculture and Food and Food : Facts and Figures : Facts and Figures
Farmers involved 3.7 M 400,000 200,000 25,000
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+ R&D and technology based capability
+ Technology absorption + Technology diffusion
Technology capability
Impact of Technology
+ Potential Benefit / Opportunity loss
+ Cost-benefit/ Cost-effectiveness
Policy and RegulationPublic Perception & Farmer’s acceptance
Criteria for prioritize
technology
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Prioritizing technologies (Stakeholder meeting)
Further prioritizing technologies (Public hearing)
Crop Improvement
Forecastingand Early Warning
Precision Farming
Tech. capability—3 levelsBarriersSolutions
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DT SUB BB BL BPH ST
DT + SUB BB + BL BPH + ST
DT + SUB + BB + BL BB + BL + BPH + ST
DT + SUB + BB + BL + BPH + ST
Super Jasmine RiceCurrently take 6 years for new rice varieties to be developed by using MAS
droughtbrown plant hoppers salinityflood
bacterialblight
Gene PyramidingMAS and Backcross Breeding
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Promote the implementation of MAS for rice breeds in the Mekong region
Thailand’s “Molecular Rice Breeding Program for the Mekong Region”
TT & commercialize
Field Trial & Demonstration
R&D
Some rice varieties are available for farmer
KDML 105 submergence tolerance
Examples of current work on Marker Assisted Selection (MAS)
Rice breeds that can resistance/ tolerance to bacterial blight, brown plant hoppers, salinity, or drought are now in a multi-location and regional trial study as well as production demonstration in farmers’ fields
Use of MAS in rice breeding with a qualit
y for flood/ drought/pest tolerance or non-phot
operiod sensitivity
Implementation of ge ne pyramiding to
improve rice breeds
Preliminary screening of wild crop relatives to identify target traits to adapt to climate change
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“Chonlasit submergence tolerance” which have been transferred to farmers in Authaya, Chainat, Angthong, and
Uttaradit
Flooding for 12 days After flooding
It can survive under the water for upto 2 weeks after the occurrence of flash flooding off-season rice. Homcholasit rice(KDML 105 submergence tolerance) can be providing yield of 3 ton
s per hectare.
Transfer flood tolerance trait into other rice varieties
Transfer flood tolerance trait into other rice varieties
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MAS’ s currently limited to some varieties of rice (KDML105,RD6) Other crops have undergone less research
Barrier Solution
Promote research and development on MAS
Research collaboration with the international research institutes, private companies and networks
Transfer MAS technology to plant breeders by collaboration between government to government and public private
Human resource development by collaboration with international institutes
Formulate courses on plant Marker Assisted Selection (MAS)
Shortage of plant breeders, molecular breeders, physiologists, plant pathologists and entomologists
Human resources
Technology capability
Technology capability
Human resources
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Lack of medium-long term seed bank
Lack of throughput screening facilities includes genotypic and phenotypic screening
Barrier Solution
Establish a national and regional network of germplasm bank
Invest a high throughput phenotyping and genotyping screening facility to increase the efficiency of crop improvement
Request international organization such as FAO, CGIAR to ease access to more genetic resource materials
access to genetic resources through increased interdependency is limited due to international agreements and countries’ s environment policy
Policy
Infrastructure Infrastructure
Policy
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Thailand is yet to trade genetically modified plants, except for research purposes
National Biosafety Act has been approved by the cabinet and is now under consideration by the Office of the Council of State of Thailand
TT & commercialize
Field Trial & Demonstration
R&D only the virus PRSV resistant papayas went to field trial in 1997.
in 2001, experiments involving GM plant were put on hold following a decision by the cabinet
Thailand’s Biosafety Guideline, initiated in 1992, cover areas of r&d, field testing, and commercialization
development of papayas resistant to the papaya ringspot virus (PRSV)
R&D on plant transformation in cassava, sugarcane, rice and orchid
Examples of current work on genetic modification of plants
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Successful plant transformation has been limited to few plant species due to lack of government support
Traits, genetic engineering is covered by patents
Barrier Solution
Need the policy support to confine field trials of locally developed GM products
Arrange various activities to promote public awareness in science and regulation of GMOs
Request assistance of international organizations to negotiate the use of licensed genes and technologies
Work with international organizations such as ISAAA
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Forecasting and Early Warning
Simulation Model
Target Forecast weather and
pest/ disease outbreaks Reduce the risk of damage Select the right crops
based on specific planting time and crop cycle
Data Climate patterns Pest and disease
outbreaks Past yields
Warning System (rapid emergency response)
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TT & commercialize
Field Trial & Demonstration
R&D
Examples of current work on Forecasting & Early Warning
Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSATT) to predict impacts of climate change on various crops such as rice, cassava, and sugarcane
Basic data collection to underpin forecasting models in the future
A brown plant hopper pest prediction and warning system
Aquaculture Information System to predict the growth of shrimps under various climatic conditions
Spatial modeling of land suitability evaluation for rubber plantation in Northeast Thailand
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Lack of forecasting tools for biological and physical data, weather condition
Limitation of pest and disease databases
Limitation on data accessibility and data redundancy
Barrier Solution
Encourage cooperation between simulation modelers and biologists to develop a model/ system using biological data
Develop a simulation model with a scale suited for Thailand’s geographic areas
Develop unified databases that use the same standards both nationally and regionally
Establish National Spatial Data Infrastructure: NSDI
Technology capability
Technology capability
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Barrier Solution
Human resources Lack of skilled personnel to
develop climate change simulation models
Lack of linkage between skilled personnel and relevant organization
Policy no accompanying implementation
plan to deal beforehand with pest and disease outbreaks relevant to the agricultural sector other than that of the bird flu
Draft an implementation plan/ manual to prepare for natural disasters that affects the agricultural sector, especially outbreaks of pest and diseases(learning from bird flu model)
Human resources
Policy
Collaborate with research institutes from overseas to provide training on the development of pest/disease simulation mode
Encourage public and private collaboration to develop software
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Precision FarmingPrecision Farming
“ Planting the right seed in the right place depending on the field conditions or havingthe precise application of pesticides, nitrogen fertilizer or other inputs. ”
Vice President, Technology Strategy& Development, Monsanto
(Scientific American, 2009)
Precision FarmingPrecision Farming
“ Planting the right seed in the right place depending on the field conditions or havingthe precise application of pesticides, nitrogen fertilizer or other inputs. ”
Vice President, Technology Strategy& Development, Monsanto
(Scientific American, 2009)
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Sikhio model, Nakhon Ratchasima, demonstates the use of precision farming technology (such as drip irrigation system and customized fertilizer) to increase the productivity of cassava to
about 30-40 ton/hec
Precision Farming Technology; Sikhio Model
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GranMonte Smart VineyardGranMonte Smart Vineyard
GranMonte Smart Vineyard project was piloted in 2008 by Mahidol University and NECTEC. The project utilized an integrated set of technologies in a vineyard Information TechnologySmart ViticultureNetworks of Multi-functional and Multi-dimensional SensorsRFID, GIS, Radio-Controlled,RoboticsAgro-informaticsNanotechnology)Farm managers can monitor changes in the farm via the Internet or by mobile phoneSource: Mahidol University, NECTEC and GranMonte Vineyard
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KMITL Fishtech FarmKMITL Fishtech Farm
Closed system for tilapia fish farming Real-time water quality monitoring Digital tags embedded in the breeding parents to
monitor the origin of breeds
Source: Source: King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang (2010)
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TT & commercialize
Field Trial & Demonstration
R&D
Examples of current work on Precision Farming
Sensor technologies, pH and DO, have been developed and used in shrimp farming
prototype of Moisture and pH sensors have been used in sugarcane farming
Demonstration project has been establish - Sikhio Model - KMITL fishtech farm - GranMonte Smart Vineyard
Use of GPS technology to identify coordinates/ locations best suited for sugarcane farming
R&D on Integrated system of sensor and embedded technology
pH and DO Sensor have been transferred to aquaculture private company
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Barrier Solution
Lack of necessary human skills Provide farmers with precision
farming courses, focusing on how to collect and analyze relevant data to improve productivity while reducing resource consumption
Human resources Human resources
35R&D
Technology Transfer
Support Thailand as an ASEAN training
hub “The Molecular Rice Breeding Program for the Mekong Region”
Seed Cluster
NSTDADOA
PlantBreedingResearch
Center
ThaiSeed Trade
Association
University
SeedAssociation
Seed coating
technology
Seed Company
TechnologyTransfer
&HRD
University
University
Cooperative
DOA
Seedcompany
DOABiotechnology
fortrait
improvement
Seed Company
University
University DOA
Seed Company
GermplasmManagement
Diagnosis for disease detection
and control seed quality
GoodQualitySeed
production
University
DOA
DiagnosticCompany
NECTEC
MTEC
Users
PlasticCompany
DOA = Department of Agriculture
technology transfer to local private players
TAIST Tokyo Tech
Formulation of related courses through international collaboration and networking
Papaya Biotechnology Network
Public-Private Partnership
International collaboration with leading academic institutes, private companies and ASEAN networks
Project IdeasProject Ideas
Public to Public
Human ResourceDevelopment
Infrastructure
Seed Germplasm Bank