climate climate is the average weather over a long period of time – weather is the current...
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![Page 1: Climate Climate is the average weather over a long period of time – Weather is the current condition of the atmosphere – Factors affecting weather/climate](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062803/56649f3c5503460f94c5b8aa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Climate• Climate is the average weather over a long period of time– Weather is the current condition
of the atmosphere– Factors affecting weather/climate
• Latitude … amount of insolation• Global wind patterns• Altitude• Precipitation patterns• Proximity to large bodies of water
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Greenhouse Effect• The greenhouse effect is a
process where Earth traps heat within its atmosphere.– Natural process that is essential
for life on Earth!– Greenhouse gasses: CO2, CH4
(methane), & H2O– The energy budget refers to
Earth’s to the amount of energy entering and leaving Earth’s atmosphere• Currently Earth has a +budget
– Earth is heating!!!
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Latitude and Climate
• 3 Cell system– Polar Zone
• 90o – 66.5o
• Cold dry air sinks and moves toward the temperate zone
– Temperate Zone• 66.5o – 23.5o
• Wide variations in temperatures• Cold moist air rises at the polar interface
and sinks at the tropics
– Tropical Zone• From 23.5o to the equator• Warm moist air rises at the equator
completing cell
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Heat Transport• Air masses– Dense cold air masses sink
while warm moist air masses rise• Creates weather and wind• Global wind patterns driven by
latitude and air mass density
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Heat Transport
• Ocean currents– Driven by the Coriolis effect
• Turns water clockwise in the northern hemisphere
• Brings cold water down the western US and warm water from the equator up the eastern coast of the US
– Deep ocean currents are driven by density• Brings nutrients to the surface
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Land Masses• Coastal mountains create
different climates on the windward (ocean side) and leeward sides (land side)– Windward is marked by
cloud formation and precipitation
– Leeward is dry creating a “rain shadow” desert