Center for Strategic Planning and Policy Studies

(formerly Center for Policy and Development Studies)

College of Public Affairs and Development

University of the Philippines Los Baños

College, Laguna 4031

Philippines

Telephone: (63-049) 536-3455

Fax: (63-049) 536-3637

Homepage: https://cpaf.uplb.edu.ph/

Working Paper No. 2017-10

CLIMATE-PROOFINGWATER GOVERNANCE – THE

ALBAY TRES QUINALE A WATERSHED EXPERIENCE

Dulce D. Elazegui, Chrislyn Joanna P. Faulmino, Edeliza P. Loremia,

and Antonio P. Payonga

ii

The CSPPS Working Paper series reports the results of studies by the Center

researchers and CPAf faculty, staff and students, which have not been reviewed. These

are circulated for the purpose of soliciting comments and suggestions.

The views expressed in the paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily

reflect those of CSPPS, the agency with which the authors are affiliated, and the funding

agencies, if applicable.

This publication is an output of the project entitled “Water Security under Climate

Risks: A Philippine Climate Change Adaptation Strategy for the Agriculture Sector” of

the University of the Philippines Los Banos Foundation, Inc. (UPLBFI). The project is

made possible by the generous support of the American People through the United States

Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents of this publication are the

responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the

United States Government.

Please send your comments to:

The Director Center for Strategic Planning & Policy Studies (formerly CPDS)

College of Public Affairs and Development

University of the Philippines Los Baños

College, Laguna 4031

Philippines

Email: mmpaunlagui@up.edu.ph

iii

ABSTRACT

Due to multi-sectoral and geographic impacts of changing climate, climate risk

management should be seen from the context of watersheds. Watershed governance is a

multi-sectoral process that should address the varying interests of a wide range of

stakeholders while at the same time taking into account the sustainability of the resource.

This necessitates an understanding of how various stakeholders decide and act as they

usually respond to risks based on their perspective and interests. This paper illustrates this

point using the case of the Albay Tres Quinale A watershed. Using the institutional

analysis framework and problem/solution tree analysis, it identifies the actors from the

national to local levels involved in water governance, raises some issues related to water

governance within the watershed and surrounding areas; and response strategies from a

particular institutional standpoint. Findings affirm that the problems and corresponding

solutions cannot be singly handled by an institution as problems are compounded by

inefficiency of facilities not only due to effects of climate hazards but also because of

lack of institutional coordination. Sharing and exchange of information among

stakeholders and use of science-based decision support tools are therefore encouraged to

improve watershed governance in the Quinale A watershed.

Key words: transboundary governance, watershed-based resource management,

institutional coordination

iv

Table of Contents

Page

I. Introduction 1

II. The Quinale A Watershed 1

2.1. Profile 1

2.2. Climate Hazards, Risks and Impacts 2

III. The Institutional Landscape in the Watershed 3

3.1. National Level 4

3.2. Watershed Level 5

IV. Governance Issues and Recommendations 7

V. Conclusion and Recommendations 10

VI. Epilogue 11

VII. References 11

Appendix 12

List of Table

Page

Table 1. Composition of the ATQAWMC 6

List of Figures

Page

Figure 1. Quinale “A” Watershed, Bicol Region 2

Figure 2. Essential functions of agencies involved in watershed management 4

Figure 3. Results of Problem/solution tree analysis, Roundtable discussion on

Quinale A watershed.

7

Figure 4. Results of Problem/solution tree analysis, Roundtable discussion on

Quinale A watershed.

8

Figure 5. Portions of the proposed resolution for the addition of NIA and the

Federation of IAs to the Executive Council of the ATQAWMC

10

Appendix

Page

Appendix 1. Institutions involved in water resources and climate risk

management from national to local level.

12

1

CLIMATE-PROOFINGWATER GOVERNANCE – THE ALBAY TRES

QUINALE A WATERSHED EXPERIENCE

Dulce D. Elazegui, Chrislyn Joanna P. Faulmino, Edeliza P. Loremia,

and Antonio P. Payonga

I. Introduction

Due to multi-sectoral and geographic impacts of changing climate, climate risk

management should be seen from the context of watersheds. Governance and institutions

play a crucial role (Ostrom 2008; Haasnoot et al. 2013). The different stakeholders need

to coordinate for an integrated planning, implementing, evaluating and continually

improving plans and programs. This would first need an understanding of how various

stakeholders decide and act as they usually respond to risks based on their perspective

and interests.

This paper illustrates this point using the case of the Albay Tres Quinale A

watershed in the Bicol River Basin in the Southern Luzon region in the Philippines. The

River Basin represents characteristics of marginal areas in developing countries that are

highly vulnerable to climate risks, e.g., extensive flooding due to tropical cyclones and

storm surges and accelerated sedimentation in low-lying areas (Tuddao 2012).

The institutional analysis framework (IRI, 2005), a problem-oriented research

approach that enabled climate and social scientists to work with local stakeholders to

address specific problems in the Quinale A Watershed was used. It identifies the actors

from the national to local levels involved in water governance. Using the

problem/solution tree analysis, it raises some issues related to water governance within

the watershed and surrounding areas; and response strategies from a particular

institutional standpoint.

Discussion is based on information gathered from representatives of national to

local institutions in the Bicol region involved in agriculture water resource management.

They were invited to roundtable discussions, workshops, and personal interviews

conducted by the project staff. Reviews of various official reports and literature also

supplemented the analysis.

II. The Quinale A Watershed

2.1. Profile

Quinale A watershed is one of the eight sub-watersheds within the Bicol River

Basin, covering 24% of the entire basin. It covers six LGUs of the Albay province -

Camalig, Guinobatan, Polangui, Ligao City, Oas and Libon; and three LGUs in Buhi,

Bato and Iriga City in the province of Camarines Sur (Figure1). The watershed area

2

within Albay is around 78,878 ha and within Camarines Sur is 5,894 ha. The population

is 370,691 persons or 74,613 households as of 2007 census (Sa-ong 2012).

Figure 1. Quinale “A” Watershed, Bicol Region (Map generated by: Jonathan T.

Macuroy)

Within the watershed are the Mt. Mayon Volcano Natural Park (MMVNP), Mt.

Masaraga Watershed Forest Reserve (MMWFR) covering around 800 ha protected area,

and Mt. Malinao geothermal reservation. The watershed provides various agri-economic

development opportunities from crops, livestock to fisheries and other uses. The

relatively flat area is approximately 33,428 ha generally used for settlements and

agriculture.It covers an area of 15,241 ha for rice benefitting 12,548 farm families. The

lowland ecosystem of the Quinale A sub-watershed is a major rice producing zone with

78% of the total area irrigated lowland; 15% rainfed; and 7% irrigated upland. About

80% of water from the Quinale River is utilized for rice production only (Sa-ong 2012).

2.2. Climate Hazards, Risks and Impacts

Albay province is highly exposed to climate-related hazards such as typhoon and

flooding. But it is also prone to other natural hazards such as volcanic eruption,

earthquake, soil erosion, lahar and mudflows. These hazards could disrupt Albay’s effort

to improve its rice self- sufficiency rating.

3

Most of the production areas cannot maximize cropping intensity because of

flooding and related climate hazards. Economic activities within the watershed have

resulted in soil erosion and flash floods during heavy rains affecting agriculture and

settlements in the lowlands. Flooding usually occur from June to December wherein 60-

70% of rainfall is concentrated. Around 50% of the area is susceptible to soil erosion and

24% to flooding (Sa-ong 2012).

Furthermore, the eruptions from Mayon Volcano have caused heavy

sedimentation in river channels. The Quinale River tributaries have transported most of

the sediments at the two main natural lakes, Bato and Baao, midway along the Bicol

River. This has reduced the flood carrying capacity of rivers and water storage of the

lakes, that serve as catch basin of flood waters from Albay. This affects the outlying areas

down to the Bicol plains and San Miguel Bay in Camarines Sur.

On the other extreme, dry spell limits the water supply for irrigation coming from

the river’s runoff causing low farm productivity and low income. Based on reports from

the Department of Agriculture (DA), drought could reduce rice yield by 40% during

seeding stage, and 60% during reproductive stage. This happened before when Bicol

experienced severe El Niño in 1996 and March-June 2010. With reduced rice production

by farmers, collection of irrigation service fee from farmers becomes difficult, affecting

not only the irrigators’ association but also the National Irrigation Administration (NIA).

Conditions of water scarcity poses both management and technology-related problems to

the stakeholders. In effect, this puts Bicol as one of the most vulnerable areas in the

country.

III. The Institutional Landscape in the Watershed

Policy pronouncements mandate national and local government units (LGUs) to

address climate change and water/watershed management (Appendix 1). The national

government administratively covers the regions. Local governments span three

administrative levels: provinces which are composed of municipalities, which are further

subdivided into barangays. Considering the wide range of concerns or the multi-sectoral

aspect of watershed (including water) management, several agencies have come to have

similar functions or overlapping jurisdiction on water and watershed management (Figure

2).

4

DEN

R

DEN

R-N

WR

B

DEN

R-E

MB

NED

A

DEN

R-R

BC

O

DA

DA

-NIA

DA

-BFA

R

DA

-BSW

M

DPW

H

DO

E

NPC

DO

H

DIL

G

Hydro

pow

er

pla

nt

MW

SS

LW

UA

LD

A

Pro

vin

cia

l LG

U

Munic

ipal

LG

U

Bar

anga

y

Irri

gato

rs' A

ssocia

tions

Planning

Construction/Maintenance

of facilities

Irrigation

Flood control projects

Hydropower plant

Allocation of water

Distribution of water

Monitoring and

enforcement of water

quality

Preparation against water

disasters

Conflict Resolution

Protection of ecosystems

Coordination

Function/Responsibilities

National Local

Agencies/Actors with mandates

Figure 2. Essential functions of agencies involved in watershed management

3.1. National Level

The Philippines has the Water Code passed in 1976 designating the National

Water Resources Board (NWRB) as the government entity to exercise control and

regulatory powers on the utilization, exploitation, development, conservation and

protection of water resources. Apparently, other agencies have similar functions.

The most recent policy milestones in the Philippines are Republic Act (RA) No.

9729 – the Climate Change (CC) Act of 2009, and RA No. 10121 – the Disaster Risk

Reduction and Management (DRRM) Act of 2010. These created the Climate Change

Commission and the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office

(NDRRMO), respectively, both with multi-sectoral composition. The CC framework

concerns mitigation of greenhouse gas emission and climate change adaptation strategies,

while the DRRM framework hinges on disaster prevention and mitigation, preparedness,

response, and rehabilitation and recovery. Both policies espouse CC and DRRM

mainstreaming into national and local planning and decision making processes. On

February 8, 2011, the NDRRMO and the Climate Change Commission forged a

Memorandum of Understanding for integrated DRR and CCA approach.

5

3.2. Watershed Level

The national government has also adopted the river basin framework for

Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM). The River Basin Control Office

(RCBO) under the DENR was created as the lead agency for the integrated planning,

development and management of the Philippines’ river basins.

The Cabinet Cluster on Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation, chaired by

the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Secretary, adopted

Resolution No. 2012-001 “Adopting the 18 Major River Basins in the Country as Priority

Areas for Government Interventions” in May 2012. The Bicol River Basin is one of the

priority basins for environmental risk assessment and vulnerability study for the crafting

of watershed management plan (RBCO 2012).

The Regional Development Council (RDC) also has a special committee on

watershed management to resolve issues concerning the watershed. RDC reviews and

endorses the regional budget proposals of government agencies to the national

government. In the Bicol Region, all governors, heads of various agencies, and mayors of

municipalities/cities are members of the RDC.

The RDC-Bicol created the Bicol River Basin Management Committee

(BRBMC). The Committee members include the Governors of Albay, Camarines Sur and

Camarines Norte, head of PAGASA and of other government regional offices. The

functions of the BRBMC include the formulation of strategic management plan

incorporating DRRM and CC adaptation. The Bicol River Basin Program Coordinating

Office (BRBPCO) of DENR and its Technical Working Group provide technical and

administrative support to the BRBMC.

The Bicol River Basin plan also encourages the formation of sub-watershed

management councils. One concrete example is the Albay Tres Quinale A Watershed

Management Council (ATQAWMC). It was formerly named the Provincial Integrated

Ecosystems Management Working Group (PIEMWG) organized for the preparation of an

Integrated Ecosystems Management (IEM) Action Plan. The ATQAWMC is constituted

by an Executive Committee and a Technical Working Group and Secretariat by DENR-

BRBCPO (Table 1).

6

Table 1. Composition of the ATQAWMC

Executive Committee (14 members) Technical Working Group (22 members)

Chair: Governor, Province of Albay Chair: Regional Technical Director/Regional

Focal Person (RFP) for IEM, DENR 5

Co-chair: Regional Executive Director,

DENR V

Co-chair: Consultant for Feasibility Study

Preparation/IEM Specialist, Provincial

Planning and Development Officer (PPDO)

Members: Members:

Chair, Committee on Environment,

Sangguniang Panlalawigan ng Albay

(SPA)

Provincial Environment and Natural

Resources Officer (PENRO)-Albay

Mayors of Libon, Polangui, Oas, Ligao,

Guinobatan and Camalig

City Environment and Natural Resources

Officer (CENRO) – Legazpi City, Albay

Provincial Planning and Development

Coordinator, Provincial Planning and

Development Office (PPDO) – Albay

Provincial Agriculture Services - Albay

Regional Focal Person for Integrated

Ecosystem Management (IEM),

Department of Environment and Natural

Resources 5 (DENR 5)

MPDC/MAO/MENRO - Polangui, Libon,

Oas, Ligao City, Guinobatan and Camalig

Regional Executive Directors of NEDA

5, DARFO 5, DPWH 5 and PNP-Albay

Assistant RFP for Albay Tres Quinali A

Watershed Management Project (ATQWMP),

DENR V

President, Bicol University Provincial Manager, Philippine Coconut

Authority 5

Provincial Director, DILG Albay

Provincial Irrigation Officer, NIA Albay

Resident Volcanologist, Philippine Institute of

Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)-

Mayon

Park Superintendents of Mesaverde National

Park (MVNP) and Mount Masaraga

Watershed Forest Reserve (MMWFR)

Head, Environment and Natural Resources

Office (ENRO)

Coordinator, Agri-Rehab Office

7

Representatives from PPDO-Albay, NEDA

5, Fiber Industry Development Authority

(FIDA) 5 and DARFO 5

Source: Executive Order No. 2011-03

The Execom reviews and adopts policies, guidelines, plans and programs for the

integrated management, development, protection and rehabilitation of the watershed and

programs recommended by the Technical Working Group (TWG).

The RDC approved the endorsement of the Quinale A IEM Action Planto DENR,

DPWH, DA and NIA for funding in its Resolution No. 31 (series of 2012). One major

component therein is the irrigation facility development and improvement. Another is the

flood control and hazard mitigation component which includes the Quinale Talisay

diversion channel; and Quinale-Talisay rivers flood embankment (Sa-ong 2012).

In 2015, the RDC approved the Integrated Management and Development Master

Plan for the whole Bicol River Basin. It also includes a component on the ‘Irrigation

Facility Development and Improvement to Support Quinale A Rice Production Areas

with NIA on the forefront.

IV. Governance Issues and Recommendations

Figure 4. Results of Problem/solution tree analysis, Roundtable discussion on Quinale A

watershed.

Figure 3. Results of Problem/solution tree analysis, Roundtable discussion on Quinale A

watershed.

8

BAWP conducted roundtable discussions with institutions involved in water and

watershed governance of Quinale A. Adopting the problem/solution tree analysis, the

discussion pointed to interconnected problems of different agencies (Figure 3 and 4).

Physical, technology, socio-economic, and institutional factors influence water

and watershed governance. This consequently had impact on vulnerabilities of the

watershed areas to recurrent natural hazards, particularly flood and dry spell/drought.

Lack of or access to technologies such as drought-resistant, submergence tolerant

and, pest/disease resistant varieties; and infrastructure such as irrigation facilities has

made agriculture more vulnerable to climate-related risks. Damage to irrigation facilities

due to floods, and the absence of protection dikes and drainage system have aggravated

the situation.

Sedimentation of the river system due to deforestation and poor agricultural

practices in the catchment area was a major concern. Inadequate knowledge of climate-

related information and associated risks constrain decision making to prepare for climate-

related hazards. Moreover, lack of coordinated and integrated planning and management,

and consequently provision of services and facilities, also contributes to the vulnerability

of water and agricultural sectors.

The problems and corresponding solutions cannot be singly handled by an

institution. The interconnected watershed functions would require representation of

various agencies in the problem-solving or decision-making process. For example, in

coping with dry spell or drought, key decisions to agricultural planners include planning

(adjusting) cropping calendar and provision of appropriate technologies. Key decisions

concerning water management to cope with dry spells include making water available to

9

farmers, i.e., intermittent irrigation in rice farms. The decision to make water available

during dry spell involves NIA and irrigators’ associations (IAs) providing advice on

water distribution; LGU and DA on conflict resolution among farmers and water users.

Farmers merely implement water distribution plan/scheme and maintain the irrigation

canals. As the farmers/IAs are the ones affected with the decision, they should be

involved in the decision process.

On the other hand, flooding problems call for adoption of submergence-tolerant

varieties. This concerns the Philippine Rice Research Institute (PhilRice) that develops

and distributes submergence varieties; DA that provides the technical assistance,

community seed banking and technology demonstration; LGUs and their Agricultural

Extension Workers (AEWs) who disseminate the technology; and the farmers who decide

to adopt or reject the technology. Farmers need help from LGU-DA in the form of

cash/credit, and security of land tenure. PhilRice also decides on the availability of the

seed before the start of the wet season but this also depends on the national government’s

prioritization.

Also with regard to flooding, the Water Code authorizes DPWH to declare flood

control areas under the major rivers and promulgate guidelines for governing floodplain

management plans in these areas. All DPWH projects in turn have to be endorsed by the

RDC (Infrastructure Committee). Project proposals are submitted to NEDA Region 5,

which can approve projects up to PhP150M budget. Otherwise, NEDA Central Office

serves as the approving authority. Being a member of the RDC, DPWH’s role is to

mitigate flooding to protect not only the residents but also the farmlands. When there is

flooding, sedimentation and erosion affect rice production. DPWH also collaborates with

DENR for environmental compliance certification in its projects. It also gets involved in

small water impounding projects (SWIP) upon DA’s request for supervision of

construction. DPWH likewise collaborates with NIA in building dams. Based on the

IEM Plan for the ATQWMP (Sa-ong 2012), planning and design criteria for flood control

structures shall be based on DPWH standard.

The issues in irrigation concern both management and technical aspects. (e.g.,

rehabilitation and development of systems). NIA and IA Federation as additional

members of the ATQAWMC could represent the interests of the irrigation sector and the

farmers and provide inputs in planning, design and implementation of irrigation projects

and thus avoid conflicts.

10

Figure 5. Portions of the proposed resolution for the addition of NIA and the Federation

of IAs to the Executive Council of the ATQAWMC

V. Conclusion and Recommendations

Watershed governance is a multi-sectoral process that should address the varying

interests of a wide range of stakeholders while at the same time taking into account the

sustainability of the resource. Pressures from human and development activities have

posed challenges in governing the watershed. The challenge becomes greater when

decisions deal with risks posed by changing climate on water, a very precious resource to

all sectors of society.

The presence of an integrated watershed management plan for the entire Bicol

River Basin particularly for Quinale A watershed provides an opportunity for

participatory watershed governance. Involvement of various agencies in the ATQAWMC

assures that interests of their respective sectors will be considered in the decision process.

However, representation of irrigation institutions, given the irrigation component in the

watershed plan, should be considered to address water for agriculture. Inclusion of NIA

and confederation of irrigators’ associations to the ATQAWMC would be a step towards

this.

Decision making for water governance on a watershed scale also needs sharing

and exchange of information among stakeholders. This will improve awareness and

11

understanding of the concerns of each sector and promote harmony for a better informed

decision process.

Moreover, use of science-based decision support tools should be encouraged in

watershed governance. This requires linkage with academic or research institutions for

technical assistance and capacity building. Agricultural modeling tools such as the

CAMDT will be useful in making decisions on appropriate technologies (e.g., specific

crop variety); when (e.g., cropping schedule) and how much (area) to plant given a

seasonal climate forecast (Ines 2013).

Lastly, due to the severe transboundary impact of mud and debris flow on the

river systems, there should be a piece of legislation to institutionalize the monitoring of

mud and debris flow and corresponding warning system.

VI. Epilogue

In a recent discussion among BAWP and the TWG members of the ATQAWMC,

the representative of the Provincial Government of Albay announced the renaming of the

ATQAWMC to Albay Biosphere Management Council (ABMC). The Provincial

Governor issued an Executive Order to this effect to expand the coverage of the

ATQAWM program to the entire province of Albay but still adhering to watershed

management principles. This will consequently require expansion of the Council and the

TWG membership. In the process of re(organization), BAWP continued to advocate for

the representation of the irrigation sector in the new Council. It has formally

recommended to the Provincial Government the inclusion of the National Irrigation

Administration-Provincial Irrigation Management Office (NIA-PIMO) of Albay and the

Albay Federation of Irrigators Association (AFIA) in the ABMC. BAWP will also

explore on how irrigators associations could be appropriately represented in the TWG(s)

to be created.

VII. References

Act of 2009, and RA No. 10121

Haasnoot, Marjolijn, Kwakkel H., Jan, Walker, Warren E.,Maat, Judith ter. 2013.

Dynamic adaptive policy pathways: A method for crafting robust decisions for a

deeply uncertain world. Global Environmental Change 23, 485-498.

International Research Institute for Climate and Society. 2005. A Note on Institutional

and Policy Landscaping at project demonstration sites.

Ostrom, Elinor. 2008. Institutions and the Environment. In Economic Affairs, Sept. 2008

pp. 24-31.

12

River Basin Control Office (RBCO). 2012. Plans and Programs of River Basin Control

Office

Relative to Water Resources Management and River Basin Management,

Powerpoint presentation.

Sa-ong, Geoffrey E. 2012. Albay Tres Quinale A Watershed Management Project –

Integrated Ecosystems Management Plan with feasibility Study (2012-2023),

Volume II Main Report, DENR Region 5, September 2012.

Tuddao, Vicente B., Jr. 2012. Creating A Common Action - The Bicol River Basin: A

Situationer, Powerpoint presentation at the Bicol River Basin Collaboration

Workshop, July 5, 2012, Legazpi City, Albay

Appendix 1. Institutions involved in water resources and climate risk management from

national to local level

Agency/Institution Acronym Enabling Policy/Mandate

National level

National Water

Resources Board

NWRB Presidential Decree (PD) No. 1067 (Water Code of

1976)

Serves as regulatory and executive authority on

water allocation - policy formulation and

coordination, water resource regulation, and

economic regulation

Climate Change

Commission

CCC Republic Act (RA) No. 9729 (Climate Change Act of

2009)

Serves as policy-making body of the government

which shall be tasked to coordinate, monitor and

evaluate the programs and action plans of the

government relating to climate change

National Disaster

Risk Reduction and

Management

Council

NDRRMC RA No. 10121 (National Disaster Risk Reduction and

Management Act of 2010)

Performs policy making, coordination, integration,

supervision, monitoring and evaluation functions

for comprehensive, all-hazards, multi-sectoral,

inter-agency and community-based approach to

DRRM

National

Commission on

Indigenous Peoples

NCIP Republic Act No. 8371 (IPRA of 1997)

Grants IPs/ICC rights to (own, develop, control,

use, and protect) ancestral domains

Regional

Department of

Agriculture

DA-RFU 5 RA No. 8435 - AFMA of 1997

Tasked to formulate and develop a plan for the

13

Regional Field Unit promotion of a private sector-led development of

minor irrigation systems, such as STWs and other

inundation systems

Bureau of Soils and

Water Management

BSWM Executive Order (EO) No. 116 of 1987

Designs, prepares and implements Small Scale

Irrigation Projects with the LGUs and RFUs of

DA; and formulates measures and guidelines for

effective soil, land and water resources utilization

National Irrigation

Administration

NIA RA No. 3601 of 1974 - An Act creating the National

Irrigation Administration; PD No. 552

Implements the plans, programs, and policies of

the Agency in the region; oversees the Irrigation

Management Offices

Department of

Environment and

Natural Resources

DENR EO No. 192 of 1987

Performs conservation, management, development

and proper use of the country’s environment and

natural resources

Environmental

Management

Bureau

EMB DENR Administrative Order (AO) No. 2013-16

Implements policy on Water Quality Management

Area, environmental management, conservation

and pollution control

River Basin

Coordinating Office

RBCO EO No. 510 (2006)/ EO No. 816 (2009)

Performs integrated planning, development and

management of the country’s river basins

Regional Disaster

Risk Reduction and

Management

Council

RDRRMC RA10121 - DRRM Act

Tasked to coordinate, integrate, supervise and

evaluate Local DRRMCs; ensure disaster-sensitive

regional development plans

National Power

Corporation

NPC EO No. 224 (1987)

Maintains complete control and jurisdiction of

Buhi-Barit Watershed

RA No. 9136 (Electric Power Industry Reform Act of

2001)

Administers the environmental charge of PhP

0.0025 per kWh salesintended solely for the

rehabilitation and management of watersheds

Philippine

Atmospheric,

Geophysical and

PAGASA PD No. 78 (Atmospheric, Geophysical and

Astronomical Science Act of 1972)

Observes and reports the weather of the Philippines

14

Astronomical

Services

Administration

and specified adjacent areas, issues forecasts and

warnings of weather and flood conditions affecting

national safety, welfare and economy

Regional

Development

Council

RDC EO No. 308 of 1987

Sets directions of economic and social

development of the region

Department of

Public Works and

Highways

DPWH EO No. 124 of 1987

Plans, designs, constructs, and maintains

infrastructure, flood control and water resources

development system

Watershed level

Bicol River Basin

Program

Coordinating Office

BRBDO DENR Special Order (2012)

Coordinates and plans with the relevant line

agencies and LGUs to ensure proper operation and

maintenance of the hydraulic infrastructure and

early warning system in Bicol River Basin

Albay Tres Quinale

A Watershed

Management

Council

ATQAWM

C

EO No. 2010-16

Corresponds with DENR and other national

agencies re- Quinale IEM Watershed Project,

action and strategic planning for IEM framework

Provinciallevel

Provincial

Government Unit -

Office of the

Provincial

Agriculturist

OPAg RA No. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)

Ensures provision of basic services and facilities

including irrigation system, water and soil resource

utilization and conservation projects such as

communal irrigation, small water impounding and

other similar projects

Provincial

Environment and

Natural Resource

Office

PENRO RA No. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)

Ensures delivery of basic services and provision of

adequate facilities related to Environment and

natural resource services in the province

NIA Provincial

Irrigation

Management Office

NIA-PIMO RA No. 3601 of 1974

Responsible for the construction and rehabilitation

of irrigation projects and systems in one or a

cluster of provinces

Provincial Disaster

Risk Reduction and

Management Office

(PDRRMO) RA No. 10121 DRRM Act

Sets the direction, develops, implements, and

coordinates DRRM programs in the province

Inter-municipal

Irrigators’ IAs Republic Act No. 8435 of the Agriculture and

15

Associations/Federa

tion

Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1997

Takes over NIA in the operation and maintenance

of the National Irrigation System's secondary

canals and on-farm facilities

Municipal level

Municipal

Government Unit-

Office of the

Municipal

Agriculturist

OMAg RA 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)

Provides basic services and facilities that include

irrigation system and water and soil resource

utilization and conservation projects such as

communal irrigation, small water impounding and

other similar projects

Republic Act No. 8550 (Fisheries Code of 1998)

10% of the area of all lakes and rivers shall be

allotted for aquaculture purposes (e.g., fish pens,

fish cages and fish traps)

City/Municipal

Environment and

Natural Resource

Office

CENRO/M

ENRO

RA No. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)

Ensures delivery of basic services and provision of

adequate facilities related to Environment and

natural resource services in the city/municipality

City/Municipal

DRRM Office

C/MDRRM

O

RA10121 DRRM Act

Sets the direction, develops, implements, and

coordinates DRRM programs in the municipality

Fisheries and

Aquatic Resources

Management

Council

FARMC Fisheries Code of 1998

Suggests policy directions and recommends to

government bodies such as LGUs, DA

Irrigators’

Associations

IAs Republic Act No. 8435 of the Agriculture and

Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1997

Tasked to take over NIA in the operation and

maintenance of the National Irrigation System's

secondary canals and on-farm facilities

Barangay level

Barangay unit RA No. 7160 (Local Government Code of 1991)

Irrigators’

Association

IA Republic Act No. 8435 of the Agriculture and

Fisheries Modernization Act (AFMA) of 1997

NIA is mandated to gradually turn over operation

and maintenance of the National Irrigation

System's secondary canals and on-farm facilities to

Irrigators' Associations

16

Private

People’s Energy

Systems Inc.

PESI Electric Power Industry Reform Act (EPIRA) of

2004 (RA No. 9136

Provides for the privatization of 70% of the total

capacity of generating assets of NPC in Luzon and

Visayas