A country is divided into five major climatic zones:

1. Hot and dry climate

2. warm and humid climate

3. Composite climate

4. Moderate climate

5. Cold climate

Moderate climate

▪ The temperate climate has mild to warm summers and cool winters.

▪ The need for winter home heating is greater than the need for summer cooling.

▪ It is a relatively comfortable climate, especially near the coast, where summers are cooler andwinters warmer than further inland.

▪ In the mountains of the Great Dividing Range, winters are cold and summersare pleasantly mild.

▪ Few opening on external side other than door.

▪ Cooking and sleeping outdoor in summer were as inside in winter.

▪ Pune and Bangalore are examples of cities that fall under this climatic zone. Areas having a

moderate climate are generally located on hilly or high-plateau regions with fairly abundant

vegetation.

▪

The solar radiation in this region is more or less the same throughout the year. Being

located at relatively higher elevations, these places experience lower temperatures than hot and dry

regions. The temperatures are neither too hot nor too cold. In summers, the temperature reaches

30 – 34 ºC during the day and 17 – 24 ºC at night. In winter, the maximum temperature is between

27 to 33 ºC during the day and 16 to 18 ºC at night.

▪

The relative humidity is low in winters and summers, varying from 20 – 55%, and going

upto 55 – 90% during monsoons. The total rainfall usually exceeds 1000 mm per year. Winters are

dry in this zone. Winds are generally high during summer. Their speed and direction depend

mainly upon the topography. The sky is mostly clear with occasional presence of low, dense

clouds during summers.

▪

The design criteria in the moderate zone are to reduce heat gain by providing shading, and to

promote heat loss by ventilation.

Moderate zone ‘Bangalore’

Latitude: 12˚58’N

Longitude: 77˚35’E

Altitude: 921 m above mean sea level

Building material used:

Floor : Lime concrete

Walls: Stone masonry with lime mortar

Roof: Stone slabs with lime concrete screed cover

for flat roof.

Mangalore tiles for sloping roof.

Passive features

▪ Reduction of solar heat gain:

▪ -by orientation of the bedrooms towards north

▪ By shading of east and west walls by neighboring buildings.

▪ - By shading the windows and walls with projecting stone slabs

▪ Reduction of internal heat gain:

▪ - By placing the kitchen outdoors in summer(and indoor in winter)

▪ Reduction of heat transfer to interior

▪ - by insulating roof.

▪ Increase of heat loss

▪ - by ventilation and smoke outlet through chimney.