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CLINICALBIOCHEMISTRYUNIVERSITYOFKASHMIR

SRINAGAR-190006

CHOICEBASEDCREDITSYSTEM

SYLLABUSFOR

M.Sc.CLINICALBIOCHEMISTRY

2018ONWARDS


CourseCode

TitleofPaper

Type

Hrs/WKL:T:P

Credits

Max.Marks NameofInstructorExt.

Int.

SemesterI

CLB18101CR

Biomolecules–I:BiochemistryandDisorders

Core 4:0:0 4 80 20

CLB18102CR

Biomolecules–II:BiochemistryandDisorders

Core 4:0:0 4 80 20

CLB18103CR

ClinicalGenetics Core 1:2:0 2 40 10

CLB18104CR

LabCourse-I Core 0:0:8 4 80 20

CLB18105DCE

CellBiology Elective(DCE)

3:2:0 4 80 20

CLB18106DCE

BiophysicalTechniques Elective(DCE)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10

CLB18107DCE

MolecularBiology-I Elective(DCE)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10

CLB18001OE

BasicconceptsinClinicalBiochemistry

Elective(OE)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10

TotalCredits:24 TotalMarks:600

Semester-II

CLB18201CR

MolecularBiology-II Core 4:0:0 4 80 20

CLB18202CR

ClinicalImmunology Core 4:0:0 4 80 20

CLB18203CR

Microbiology Core 4:0:0 2 40 10

CLB18204CR

LabCourse-II Core 0:0:8 4 80 20

CLB18205DCE

TechniquesinCellandMolecularMedicine

Elective(DCE)

3:2:0 4 80 20

CLB18206DCE

CellSignalling&Disorders Elective(DCE)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10

CLB18207DCE

CellcycleandCancerBiology Elective(DCE)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10

CLB18001GE

ProteinBiophysics Elective(GE)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10

CLB18002OE

LifestylediseasesandLab.Diagnosis

Elective(Open)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10



CR-Core;DCE-DisciplineCentricElective;GE-GeneralElective;OE-OpenElective

Instructors:

FR:Dr.FouziaRashidSHM:Dr.SyedHussainMirSAG:Dr.ShowkatAhmadGanaieTAD:Dr.TanveerAliDarAWB:Dr.AbdulWajidBhatTotalcreditsforM.Sc.ClinicalBiochemistry:96TotalMarksforM.Sc.ClinicalBiochemistry:2400

Semester-III

CLB18301CR

RespiratoryandExcretoryorgansystems:PhysiologyandDiseases

Core 4:0:0 4 80 20

CLB18302CR

GastrointestinalandHepatobiliaryorgansystems:PhysiologyandDiseases

Core 4:0:0 3 60 15

CLB18303CR

NeuromuscularandSkeletalsystems:PhysiologyandDiseases

Core 2:0:0 3 60 15

CLB18304CR

LabCourse-III Core 0:0:8 4 80 20

CLB18305DCE

AdvancedEndocrinology Elective(DCE)

3:2:0 4 80 20

CLB18306DCE

Cardiovascular System and Drugmetabolism

Elective(DCE)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10

CLB18307DCE

HighRiskPregnancy&Neonatology Elective(DCE)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10

CLB18002GE

ClinicalPathology Elective(GE)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10


Semester-IVCLB18401CR

InternshipDissertation Core 0:0:24 12 300 -

CLB18402CR

HostInstituteGrading Core 0:0:6 3 75 -

CLB18403CR

InternshipAssessment Core 0:6:0 3 75 -

CLB18404DCE

Automation,DiagnosticProcedures,Interpretations&ClinicalCo-relations(SelfStudyPaper)

Elective(DCE)

4:0:0

4

100

-

CLB18003GE

Epigenetics&GeneExpression Elective(GE)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10

CLB18004GE

BasicsinCellularSignalling Elective(GE)

1:2:0 1+1=2 40 10



SEMESTERI

CLB18101CR:Biomolecules-I:BiochemistryandDisorders

UNITI-BasicConceptsofCellBioenergetics

Firstandsecond lawof thermodynamic,conceptof freeenergy, standard freeenergychangeofachemicalreaction, Thermodynamics of high-energy phosphate compounds - ATP and other high energy phosphatecompounds.ATPcycle,structuralbasisof freeenergychangeduringhydrolysisofATP,NernstequationandRedox-potentials.

UNITII–Carbohydrates:Composition,structure,metabolismanddisordersCarbohydratestructure,classification,properties,chemicalreactions,Isomerismandfunctions.CarbohydrateMetabolism- basic concepts, Glycolysis, Krebs cycle, Pentose phosphate pathway, Gluconeogenesis,Glycogenesis,Glycogenolysis,Regulationofcarbohydratemetabolism.UNITIII–Lipids:Composition,structure,metabolismanddisordersClassification,structure,propertiesandfunctionsoffattyacids,triacylglycerols,andphospholipids.Saturatedandunsaturated fatty acids. Lipidmetabolism:Biosynthesis anddegradationof odd andeven chain carbonfattyacids.Ketonebodies:formationandutilization.Biosynthesisanddegradationofcholesterol.Lipoproteinsandapolipoproteins.DisordersoflipidsUNITIV-NucleicAcids:Composition,structure,metabolism&disordersStructure,propertiesofpurines andpyrimidinebases,nucleosideandnucleotides.ConformationofNucleicacids (A, B, Z-DNA, tRNA, mRNA), Nucleic Acid metabolism: Biosynthesis, Regulation and degradation ofpurinesandpyrimidines,Biosynthesisofribonucleotidesanddeoxyribonucleotides.Uricacidoverproductionand under excretion; pathology and differential diagnosis of gout, Enzyme disorders of purinemetabolism(Lesh-NyhansyndromeandOroticaciduria).BooksRecommended:

1. LehningerPrinciplesofBiochemistry4thEdbyDavidL.NelsonandMichaelM.Cox,WHFreemanandCompany.

2. Principles of Biochemistry by Geoffrey Zubay. Publisher: McGraw Hill College. BiochemistryByLubertStryer.WHFreemanandCo.

3. Biochemistry:TheMolecularBasisofLifebyTrudyMcKeeandJamesRMcKee.Publisher:McGraw-HillHighereducation.

4. Biochemistry and Molecular biology by William H. Elliott and Daphne C. Elliott. Oxford UniversityPress.

5. FundamentalsofBiochemistry:LifeattheMolecularLevel5thEd.ByDonaldVoet,JudithG.VoetandCharlotteW.Pratt.Publisher:Wiley.

6. Devlin:TextbookofBiochemistry(withclinicalcorrelation)(JohnWileyandSonsPublishers).7. CantrowandTrumper:ClinicalBiochemistry.8. Henry.R.D:ClinicalChemistry-PrinciplesandTechniques(HarferandRow)


CLB18102CR:Biomolecules-II:Biochemistry&DisordersUNITI-ProteinsComposition,structureandmetabolismAmino acids: Structure, classification, properties and functions, peptides and polypeptides. Proteins:properties, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure, protein folding, Protein stabilizinginteractions (Van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic interaction), Reverse turns andRamachandranplot.Domainsandmotifs,Aminoacidmetabolism:Biosynthesisanddegradationofimportantaminoacidsandtheirregulation;Transaminationandoxidativedeamination,ureacycleUNITII-ProteindisordersClinical features and laboratory findings in disorders of the plasma proteins, acute phase proteins, serumproteins and albumin, serum and urine protein electrophoresis, hypo and hyper-albuminemia; hypo- andhyperglobulinemias, Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency, Homozygotes vs. heterozygotes e.g. phenylketonuria,tyrosinemia, cystic fibrosis and sweat tests, amino-acidurias, organic acidurias. Protein folding disorders(Alzheimers,prionsandamyloid)UNITIII–EnzymesClassificationandnomenclature,prostheticgroups,cofactors,Mechanismofenzymeactionandpropertiesofenzymesascatalysts.Enzymekinetics(equilibriumandsteadystatetheory,rateequationanddeterminationofKmandVmax),specificactivity,turnovernumberandcatalyticcentreactivity,Enzymeregulation:Principlesandmechanismofcatalysis,Factorsaffectingrateofenzymecatalysedreactions,Enzymeinhibition:reversibleand irreversible inhibition, Allosteric enzymes: Models of allostery, types and kinetics; Isoenzymes andisozymes.UnitIV-PrinciplesofDiagnosticEnzymologyFactorsaffectingenzyme levels inblood.Principle,assay,andclinicalsignificanceof transaminases,creatinekinase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphatases, isocitrate dehydrogenase, amylase, lipase, choline esterase,glutamatedehydrogenase,glucose-6-phosphatedehydrogenase.BooksRecommended:

1. Principles of Biochemistry by Geoffrey Zubay. Publisher: McGraw Hill College. BiochemistryByLubertStryer.WHFreemanandCo.

2. FundamentalsofBiochemistry:LifeattheMolecularLevel5thEd.ByDonaldVoet,JudithG.VoetandCharlotteW.Pratt.Publisher:Wiley.

3. FundamentalsofEnzymology:CellandMolecularBiologyofCatalyticProteinsByNicholasC.PriceandLewisStevens.OxfordUniversityPress.

4. FundamentalsofEnzymology:CellandMolecularBiologyofCatalyticProteinsbyNicholasC.PriceandLewisStevens.OxfordUniversityPress.

5. Enzymes:Biochemistry,BiotechnologyandClinicalChemistryByTrevorPalmer.6. EnzymeKineticsandMechanisms(Hardcover)ByKennethB.Taylor.KluwerAcademicPublishers.7. Devlin:TextbookofBiochemistry(withclinicalcorrelation)(JohnWileyandSonsPublishers).8. CantrowandTrumper:ClinicalBiochemistry.9. Henry.R.D:ClinicalChemistry-PrinciplesandTechniques(HarferandRow)


CLB18103CR:ClinicalGeneticsUNITI-IntroductiontoGeneticsBasicMechanismsofinheritanceandgeneticsinbiology,Conceptofgene:Allele,Mendelianlaws,ConceptofLinkageandcrossingover,Multiplealleles,Pleiotropy,Genemappingmethods:Linkagemaps,tetradanalysis,mappingwithmolecularmarkers,PedigreeanalysisofAutosomalinheritance-dominant,recessiveUNITII-GeneticsinMedicalPracticeGeneticPrinciplesand theirapplication inmedicalpractice;Case studies (Interactingwithpatients, learningfamilyhistoryanddrawingpedigreechart);Syndromesanddisorders:definitionandtheirgeneticbasis-CysticfibrosisandTaySach’sSyndrome;PhenylketonuriaandGalactosemia;EthicalissueswithclinicalgeneticsBooksRecommended:

1. Genetics:AnalysisofGenesandGenomesbyHartl,Jones2. TomStrachan&AndrewP.ReadHumanMolecularGenetics(3rdEdition),JohnWiley&Sons.3. RickiLewis,HumanGenetics-Concepts&Applications(3rdEdition),McGrawHill.4. T.A.Brown,Genomes,JohnWiley&Sons(Asia)PTELtd.5. ScottFreeman&JonC.Herron,EvolutionaryAnalysis(5thEdition),PrenticeHall6. GarnerE.J,Simmons,M.J.&Snustad,D.P.PrinciplesofGenetics,JohnWiley&SonsInc,N.Y7. Watson,J.D.,Hopkins,N.H.,Roberts,J.W.Steitz&Weiner,A.M.,MolecularBiologyoftheGenes,The

Benjamin/CummingsPublishingCompanyInc.,Tokyo.8. WilliamS.Klug&MichaelR.CummingsEssentialsofGenetics,5thEd,PrenticeHallInternationals9. DanielL.Hartl&ElizabethW.Jones,EssentialGenetics,6thEd.,Jones&BartlettPublishers


CLB18104CR:Labcourse-I

• Biochemicalcalculations• ConceptofpHandbuffers• Qualitativeanalysisofcarbohydrates• Qualitativeanalysisofaminoacids• Qualitativeanalysisoflipids• TLCandpaperchromatographyofaminoacidsandsugars• QuantitativeEstimationofproteinsusingLowry’s/Biurettmethod• QuantitativeEstimationofglucosebyNelsonSomogy’smethod• QuantitativeEstimationofcholesterolbyZlatki’sMethod• Titrimetricestimationofascorbicacid• Sterilizationtechniques• Preparationofculturemedia,pureculturetechniques• Studyofbacterialgrowthbyturbiditimetry/spectrophotometryandserialdilutionmethods• ExtractionandAssayofEnzymes


CLB18105DCE:CellBiologyUNITI-CellandMembranes

Evolutionof theCell, frommolecules to the first cell,ProkaryoticandEukaryotic cell.MembraneStructure:Introduction,Thelipidbilayer,membraneprotein.Principlesofmembranetransport,Carrierproteins,Activetransport-,Ionchannelsandelectricalpropertiesofmembranes.Membranedisorders.

UNITII-CellandcellOrganelle-I

Structure and function: Nucleus and nucleolus, nuclear pore complex and its function; Trafficking acrossnucleus, Synthesis and Structure of ribosome. Mitochondria, Peroxisomes, Chloroplast, MitochondrialDisorders,

UNITIII-CellandcellOrganelle-II

StructureandfunctionofEndoplasmicReticulum,Golgicomplex,LysosomesandVacuoles.TransportfromERthroughtheGolgiapparatus,transportfromtrans-Golgitolysosomes,Endocytosisandexocytosis,MolecularmechanismsofVesiculartransportandmaintenanceofcompartmentaldiversity.

UNITIV-Cytoskeletonandcellcommunication

Thenatureof cytoskeleton, intermediate filaments,microtubules, cilia and centrioles, actin filaments, actinbinding proteins, general principles of cell communication, cell adhesionmolecules, gap junctions, integrin.roleofcytoskeletonincellmigrationBooksRecommended:

1. AlbertB.BrayDandLewisJMolecularbiologyofthecells,LatestEd.NewYorkGarlandPublications2. Cooper,GeoffreyM.TheCell.AMolecularApproach.Sunderland:SinauerAssociates,Inc.3. PrinciplesofCell andMolecularBiology.Kleinsmith, L. J.&Kish,V.M.McLaughlin, S.,Trost,K.,Mac

Elree,E.,HarperCollinsPublishers,NewYork4. Karp,G.Cell andMolecularBiology.Concepts andexperiments. JohnHarris,D.,Wiley& sons,New

York5. Molecular cell Biology. Harvey Lodish, Arnold Berk, S. Lawence Zipursky, Paul Matsudaira & David

Baltimore.WH.Freemanandcompany,NewYork.


CLB18106DCE:BiophysicalTechniquesUNITI–SpectroscopyTechniquesBasic principles and nature of electromagnetic radiation, Interaction of light with matter, Absorption andemission of radiation; Basic principle, instrumentation and applications of UV/Visible and Fluorescencespectroscopy;CircularDichroism(CD)andMassSpectrometry(MALDI-TOF)method–Principle,workingandapplications.UNITII-ChromatographyandCentrifugationTechniquesBasic principle of chromatography; Separation techniques for proteins: Ion exchange chromatography,dialysis,molecularsieving,affinitychromatography.BasicprincipleandapplicationsofHPLC;Centrifugation:BasicPrinciple,Techniques-Preparative,analyticalandultracentrifuges,sedimentationcoefficientandfactorsaffectingsedimentationcoefficient

BooksRecommended:

1. KeithWilsonand JohnWalker, Principles andTechniquesofBiochemistryandMolecularbiology7thEd.CambridgeUniversityPress

2. ModernExperimentalBiochemistry.Rodney FBoyer.Nenjamin/Cummingspublishing company Inc.Redwoodcity,California.

3. Physical Biochemistry: Applications to Biochemistry and MolecularBiology, David Freifelder, 2ndedition,W.H.freemanandCompany.

4. PhysicalBiochemistry:PrinciplesandApplications,DavidSheehan,2ndedition,JohnWiley.5. PrinciplesofPhysicalBiochemistry,K.E.VanHolde,W.C.JhonsonandP.ShingHo,2ndedition,Prentice

HallInc.6. BiophysicalChemistry,C.R.Cantor,P.R.Schimmel,W.H.Freeman&Company.


CLB18107DCE:MolecularBiology-IUNITI-DNA:TheGeneticMaterialHistory of DNA; Experimental evidences & proof of DNA being the genetic material. Contributions andExperimental evidences provided by Structures of chromatin & chromosomes, Unique & Repetitive DNA,Heterochromatin,Euchromatin,Transposons.Denaturationkinetics&Tm.ExtrachromosomalDNA.PlasmidDNAinprokaryotes.MitochondrialDNA.Humangenomefeatures.UNITII-Propagationofgeneticmaterial.DNA replication, Concept of replicon, Overview of bacterial DNA replication. Origin of replication inprokaryotes.Initiation,elongation&terminationofReplicationinprokaryotes,Regulationofreplication,RoleofOri-C&DNAmethylation in regulationof replication,Overviewof eukaryoticDNA replication;Originofreplication in eukaryotes. Initiation, elongation & termination of Replication in eukaryotes, Regulation ofreplication,Fidelityofreplication,DNAdamage&repair

BooksRecommended:

1. MolecularCellBiology byH. Lodish,A.Berk, SL Zipursky,P.Matsudaira,D.Baltimore, andJamesDarnell.

2. EssentialCellBiologybyB.Alberts,D.Bray,K.HopkinandA.Johnson3. MolecularBiologyoftheCellbyB.Alberts,A.Johnson,J.LewisandM.Raff4. CellandMolecularBiology:ConceptsandexperimentsbyGeraldKarp5. MolecularBiologyoftheGenebyJDWatsonetal.6. MolecularBiologyoftheCellbyJohnWilson,TimHunt7. GenesIXbyBenjaminLewin8. GeraldKarp,CellandMolecularBiology–ConceptsandExperiments(JohnWillyandSons

Inc.)9. HarveyLodishetal.:MolecularCellBiology-7thed.W.H.FreemanandCo.,NewYork.


CLB18108OE:BasicConceptsinClinicalBiochemistry

UNITI-IntroductiontoClinicalBiochemistry

Definition and scope of clinical biochemistry in diagnosis, collection and preservation of biological fluids(blood, urine & CSF), normal values of important constituents of blood, CSF and urine. Requirements ofsettingupofclinicallaboratory,collectionpreparation,preservation,andhandlingofclinicalsamples,qualitycontrol,Safetymeasuresinclinicallaboratory.

UNITII-ClinicalImportanceofBiomolecules

Carbohydrates-Estimationofglucose,glycosuria,hyper&hypoglycemia,bloodglucoseregulationandroleofhormones; diabetic coma, Lipids- lipid profile estimation, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis and it riskfactors.

BooksRecommended:

1. Clinical biochemistry, metabolic and clinical aspects by William J. Marshall, Stephan K , Elseviersciencehealth.

2. FundamentalsofClinicalBiochemistrybyTeiz,W.B-SaundersCompany.3. ClinicalBiochemistry:An illustratedcolor text3rdEd.byAllanGaw,MichealMurphy,RobertCowan,

DenisOReilly,MichealStewartandJamesShepherd.ChurchillLivingtons.


SEMESTER-II

CLB18201CR:MolecularBiology-II

UNITI-Genestructure&organizationGene:unitofhereditary.Onegeneoneenzymehypothesis.Genescode forproteins:historicalperspective.Codon concept. Experimental approaches for deciphering of codons. Exceptions in universal nature ofcodons.Fine structure of gene in prokaryotes.Gene families.Operon concept, Structure and organization ofpolycistronic gene.Functioning & regulation of (Lac &Trp Operons).Fine structure of gene ineukryotes.Interrupted genes, Exons and Introns. Viral (HIV) and Phage (M13) genome organization,Overlappinggenes.UNITII-GeneExpression&RegulationITranscription,Transcriptionfactors&machinery,Formationofinitiationcomplexineukaryotes&prokaryotes,Transcription activators & repressors, RNA polymerases in eukaryotes & prokaryotes.Termination oftranscription in eukaryotes viz prokaryotes.RNA processing, editing, capping, splicing&polyadenylation.Structure&functionofdifferenttypesofRNA.UNITII-GeneExpression&RegulationIIProtein synthesis and processing: Ribosome, formation of initiation complex in prokaryotes viz eukaryotes,initiation factors and their regulation, elongation and elongation factors in prokaryotes viz eukaryotes,termination; Aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyltRNAsynthetase, translational proof-reading,translational inhibitors, Control of gene expression at translation level: Regulation of prokaryotic andeukaryoticgeneexpression.UNITIV-MolecularDiagnosticsRole of molecular diagnostics in present diagnostic era, Benefits of molecular diagnostics over serologicaldiagnostic tests, Ethical issues related to molecular diagnostics, Basic techniques used in moleculardiagnostics,MoleculardiagnosticsofHIV,Tuberculosis,choleraandpathogenicE.Coli

BooksRecommended:

10. MolecularCellBiology byH. Lodish,A.Berk, SL Zipursky,P.Matsudaira,D.Baltimore, andJamesDarnell.

11. EssentialCellBiologybyB.Alberts,D.Bray,K.HopkinandA.Johnson12. MolecularBiologyoftheCellbyB.Alberts,A.Johnson,J.LewisandM.Raff13. CellandMolecularBiology:ConceptsandexperimentsbyGeraldKarp14. MolecularBiologyoftheGenebyJDWatsonetal.15. MolecularBiologyoftheCellbyJohnWilson,TimHunt16. GenesIXbyBenjaminLewin17. GeraldKarp,CellandMolecularBiology–ConceptsandExperiments(JohnWillyandSons

Inc.)18. HarveyLodishetal.:MolecularCellBiology-7thed.W.H.FreemanandCo.,NewYork.


CLB18202CR:ClinicalImmunology

UNITI-IntroductiontoImmunologyHistorical perspective, Innate and adaptive Immunity, Cells of immune system (Phagocytic cells, B & Tlymphocytes, NK cells and dendritic cells). Humoral and cell mediated immune response. Antigenicity andImmunogenicity. Complement System, Major Histocompatibility Complexes. Antigen processing &presentation,Activation&differentiationofB&Tcells.UNITII–Immunoglobulin:StructureandFunctionBasic structure of immunoglobulins, sequencing studies of immunoglobulins (role of multiple myeloma),structural and functional properties of immunoglobulin classis (IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE, IgA), Antige-antibodybinding, antigenic determinants (isotypic, allotypic and idiotypic determinants). Class switching, clonaldeletion, Allelic exclusion, Generation of antibody diversity, gene arrangement and expression of antibodygene.UNITIII-AutoimmunedisordersAutoimmunity: Definition and its proposed induction mechanism (Organ specific autoimmune diseases,Systemic autoimmune diseases). Treatments for autoimmune diseases. Hypersensitivity reactions, varioustypes of hypersensitivity reactions. Immune response during bacterial (TB), Parasitic (malaria),& viral (HIV)infections.UNITIV-TransplantationImmunology Basisofgraftrejection(Autograft,isograftandxenograft),specificityandmemoryofrejectionresponse,roleof cell mediated response, transplantation antigens, mechanisms involved in graft rejection, clinicalmanifestation of graft rejection (hyperacute and chronic rejection), immunosuppressant therapies (Generalandspecific).Clinicaltransplantation(Bonemarrowtransplant,organtransplantandxenotransplant).

BooksRecommended:

1. FundamentalImmunologybyWilliamE.Paul.Publisher:LippincottWilliamsandWilkins.2. Immunology: International Editionby Janis Kuby, Thomas J. Kindt, BarbaraA.Osborne and

RichardA.Goldsby.WHFreemanandCo.Ltd.3. ImmunologybyRichardA.Goldsby,ThomasJ.Kindt,BarbaraA.OsborneandJanisKuby.WH

FreemanandCo.Ltd.4. ImmunologybyIvanM.Roitt,JonathanBrostoffandDavidMale.Publisher:Mosby.5. IntroductiontoMedicalImmunologybyGabrielVirella,MarcelDekkerIncBasicImmunology:

TheFunctionsof the ImmuneSystembyAbulK.AbbasandAndrewH.Lichtman.Publisher:Saunders


CLB18203CR:MicrobiologyUnitI-IntroductiontoMicrobiologyIntroductiontomicrobial systems, importanceofmicrobiology inhumanhealthandenvironment,Microbialgrowth, growth curve, measurement and factors affecting the microbial growth. Classification ofmicroorganisms-criteriaforclassificationNormalhumanmicroflora,Virulenceandpathogenesis.Toxin:Typesand their mode of action. Pure culture techniques. Microbial fermentation: Antibiotics, organic acids andvitamins.Microbesindecompositionandrecyclingprocess.UnitII-BasicmedicalMicrobiologyInfectious diseases- overview, Medically important microbes, Microbial diseases - sources, route oftransmission.Pathogenesis -adhesion, invasion,hostcelldamage,releaseofpathogens.Microbialvirulenceand virulence factors - Signs and symptoms of microbial diseases. Treatment, prevention and control ofmicrobial infections.Microbesaspathologicalagents inman - Staphylococcal, Salmonellosis, ShigellosisandClostridialfoodpoisoningandpoliomyelitis.References:

1. Microbiology:An Introduction,EighthEditionByGerard J. Tortora,BerdellR.Funke,ChristineL.Case.PearsonEducation.

2. Microbiology:ConceptsandApplicationsbyMJPelczar,ECSChanandNRKrieg,McGraw-Hill.3. GeneralMicrobiologybyStainier,DeudroffandAdelberg


CLB18204CR:LabCourse-II

• IsolationofbacterialgenomicDNA• IsolationofPlasmidDNA• PreparationofgenomicDNAfromPlanttissuebyCTABmethod• IsolationofDNAfrombloodsamplesbyPhenol-Chloroformmethod• QualitativeandquantitativedeterminationofDNAandRNA• AbsorptionspectraofNucleicAcidsandDeterminationofmeltingtemperatureofcalfthymusDNA.• DenaturationofDNAandUVabsorptionstudies.• Agarosegelelectrophoresis• Polyacrylamidegelelectrophoresis(PAGE)andSDS-PAGE• AmplificationofDNAsegmentbyPCR


CLB18205DCE:TechniquesinCell&MolecularMedicineUNITI-MolecularbiologyandRadiolabelingmethodsPrinciples and methods of purification of DNA from bacteria (genomic and plasmid), plants and animals;Analysis of DNA and proteins by one and two dimensional gel electrophoresis and Isoelectric focusingRadioisotope Techniques – Radioactivity decay constant, half-life of a radioisotope, Detection andmeasurementofradioactivity;Unitsofradioactivity,ApplicationsofisotopesusedinbiologicalstudiesUNITII-RecombinantDNAmethodsMolecularcloningofDNAorRNAfragments inbacterialandeukaryoticsystems;expressionof recombinantproteinsusingbacterial,animalandplantvectors; isolationofspecificnucleicacidsequences;generationofgenomicandcDNAlibrariesinplasmid,phage,cosmid,BACandYACvectors;invitromutagenesisanddeletiontechniques,geneknockoutandgeneknockdowninbacterialandeukaryoticorganisms.UNITIII-AppliedMolecularbiologymethodsProtein sequencing methods, detection of post-translation modification of proteins; DNA sequencingmethods, strategies for genome sequencing; methods for analysis of gene expression at RNA and proteinlevel, large scale expression analysis, such asDot-blotting andmicro array based techniques. RFLP, RFLP inDNA fingerprinting. PCR and types (Reverse transcriptase RT-PCR, Real time/quantitative PCR, inverse PCR,nested PCR, multiplex PCR, anchored PCR and asymmetric PCR), RAPD and AFLP techniques. Blottingtechniques(Southernblotting,northern-blottingandwestern-blotting).UNITIV-MicroscopicTechniquesOptical microscopy – Principles and techniques of photomicroscopy, application and limitations, Individualcomponentsofamicroscope;ElectronMicroscopy-Principleofelectronmicroscopes,preparationofsamples,ScanningandTransmissionelectronmicroscopy;Flow-cytometry–principleandapplicationsBooksRecommended:

1. Watson,J.D.,Hopkins,N.H.,Roberts,J.W.Steitz&Weiner,A.M.,MolecularBiologyoftheGenes,TheBenjamin/CummingsPublishingCompanyInc.,Tokyo.

2. DanielL.Hartl&ElizabethW.Jones,EssentialGenetics,2ndEd.,Jones&BartlettPublishers3. T.A.Brown,Genomes,JohnWiley&Sons(Asia)PTELtd.4. Genetics:AnalysisofGenesandGenomesbyHartl,Jones5. MolecularBiologyofthegenebyWatson,Roberts,StaitzandWeiner6. MolecularbiologybyRobertWeiver7. MolecularBiotechnologybyBernardR.GlickandJackJPasternak8. Old R.W. and Primrose, S.B.: Principles of Gene Manipulations, Blackwell Scientific Publication,

London.9. Primrose,S.B.:AnimalBiotechnologyBlackwellScientificPublication,London.10. Watson,J.D.etal.:CellandMolecularBiology,JohnWiley.11. Freifelder,D.:MolecularBiology,JonesandBartlett,USA.


CLB18206DCE:CellSignalingandDisordersUNITI-SignaltransductionFundamentals of signal transduction. Signal transduction through cell-surface receptors (GPCR signalingpathway,IP3pathway,ReceptorTyrosineKinasepathway,NonreceptorTKpathway,ReceptorSer/Thrkinasepathway).Signaltransductionthroughintracellularreceptors.Signaltransductionpathwaysthatcontrolgeneexpression. JAK-STAT and MAPK pathway. Harmone response elements, CRE and CREB. Secondarymessengers(cAMP,cGMP,NO,Ca,IP3,DAG).Structuralandfunctionalpropertiesofsteroidreceptors.UNITII-DisordersofSignaltransductionDisorders of cell surface receptors; Insulin receptor, Growth factor receptors, LDL-receptors, dopaminereceptors. Antibodies to receptors: Ab to insulin receptor, TSH receptor, acetylcholine receptor, G-proteindefects: inactivated (pseudo hypo-parathyroidism); activated (cholera). Disorders of Intracellular receptors:androgenreceptors,estrogenandprogesteronereceptors,cancercausingmutationsinsignallingmolecules.BooksRecommended:

1. BiochemistryofsignaltransductionandregulationbyGerhardKrauss2. Signaltransduction:principles,pathwaysandprocessbyLewisC.Cantley,TonyHunter,RichardServer

andJeremyThorner-ColdspringHarborLabortarypress.3. SignaltransductionandhumandisesesbyTorenFinkel,J.SilvioGutkind-Wiley-Liss


CLB18207DCE:Cellcycleandcancerbiology

UNITI-CellCycleCell division and cell cycle, Mitosis and Meosis – different stages, variations, checkpoints. Regulation ofmitosis andmeosis,Maturation promoting factor, Anaphase promoting complex, inhibitors of cdk, growthfactorsandDcyclins.UNITII-CancerBiologyStages in cancer development, causes and properties of cancerous cells, tumour viruses, oncogenes,functions of oncogene products,Oncogene and signal transduction. Tumor suppressor genes, functions oftumoursuppressorgenesproducts.Diagnosis,preventionandtreatmentofcancer.

BooksRecommended:1. DeRobertisEDPandDeRobertisEMFJr.(2004)CellandMolecularBiology,8thEdition,

LippincottWilliams&Wilkins,Philadelphia,USA.2.TheBiologyofCancerbyR.Weinberg2ndEd3.CancerBiologybyR.W.Ruddon4.TheBiologicalBasisofCancerbyR.G.Mckinnell,R.E.Parchment,A.O.PerantoniandG.B.

Pierrce, 4th Ed. Cambridge University Press


CLB18001GE:ProteinBiophysics

UnitI:PeptideConformation

Definitionofpeptide, peptideunit, peptide group,bond length, cis and trans conformation,RamachandranPlot,primary,secondary(alphahelix,betasheet,betaturn),tertiarystructure(Forcesinvolved),Motifs,supersecondarystructures,DomainandQuaternarystructures(Example-Hemoglobin).

UnitII:ProteinFolding,MisfoldingandAggregation

Proteinfolding:Introduction,Proteinfoldingdilemma,LevinthalsParadox,Models-Nucleationcondensation,frameworkandHydrophobiccollapseModel;Foldingfunnelhypothesis&freeenergylandscape;Introductiontoproteinmisfolding,Amyloidfibrils-introductionandmechanism-nucleationcondensation,Factorsaffectingaggregation.Prions.

BooksRecommended:1. Introduction to Protein Structure (2nd edition) by Carl Brandenand John Tooze; Garland Science ISBN-13:978-08153230512.ProteinFolding(1stedition)byThomasE.Creighton;W.H.FreemanISBN-13:978-07167702753.HowProteinWorkbyM.Williamson,1stEd.2011,GarlandSciences4.PrinciplesofBiochemistrybyGeoffreyZubay.Publisher:McGrawHillCollege.BiochemistrybyLubertStryer.WHFreemanandCo.5. Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecular Level 5th Ed. By Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet andCharlotteW.Pratt.Publisher:Wiley.


CLB18002OE:Lifestylediseasesandlaboratorydiagnosis

UNITI:Lifestylediseases

CardiovascularDiseasesandtheirtypes,RiskfactorsassociatedwithCardiovascularDiseases,PathophysiologyandscreeningofCVDpatients,PreventionandManagementofCVD,RoleofobesityinCardiovascularDisease.Atherosclerosis,Diabetesanditscomplications,PathologicallinksbetweenDiabetesandMetabolicSyndrome.ObesityandInflammatorycascades.TreatmentandpreventionofDiabetes.

UNITII:LaboratoryDiagnosis

ClinicalSignificanceandPrincipleofvariouslaboratorytests-LipidProfile(TG,Cholestrol,HDL,andLDL),BloodGlucose (Fasting, Post prandial, andGTT), Kidney Function Test (Urea, Creatinine,UricAcid), Liver FunctionTest (AST, ALT). Common hormone tests and their clinical significance: Thyroid function test (TSH, T3, T4,Thyroglobulin, Autoantibodies), PTH, Calcitonin, Cortisol,Testosterone, hCG screen (pregnancy test),quantitative hCG, Insulin tolerance test.Cancer markers: Carcinoemryonic antigen (CEA), Alpha-fetoprotein(AFP),HumanchorionicGonadotropin(hCG),CA19-9,CA125

BooksRecommended:

1. ClinicalChemistryindiagnosisandtreatment6thedition–Mayne,ELBSPublications,19942. ClinicalChemistry–principles,proceduresandcorrelations,Bishop,Lipppincott.


SEMESTER-III

CLB18301CR:RespiratoryandExcretoryOrgansystems:PhysiologyandDiseases

UNITI–Acidbasebalance-IRegulation of water and electrolyte balance; Role of Na+ and K+, Role of kidneys and hormones.Clinicalfeatures and laboratory findings in- dehydration, overhydration, Hyper-natremia, hypo-natremia; (SIADH),hypo-kalemia,hyper-kalemia.Acid-Basebalance;regulationbykidneyandhormones.Acid-basedisorders.UNITII–Acidbasebalance-IPhysiology of respiratory system, Diffusion of gases through respiratory membrane; Role of transferrin,oxygen, CO, CO2 in respiration. Investigation of respiratory diseases; Chronic respiratory failure, ClinicalfeaturesandlaboraroryfindingsinCOPD,Cysticfibrosis,asthmaandpneumoniaUNITIII-KidneyPhysiologyandDisorders-IBrief anatomy of Nephron, Urine formation; Glomerular filtration, Tubular reabsorption, Tests of kidneyfunction and their Clinical co-relations: tests of glomerular functions,measurementofGFR, Clearance tests(creatinineandinulinclearance),Plasmacreatinine,urea,β2-microglobulin.UNITIV–KidneyPhysiologyandDisorders–IITubular functions tests. Normal urine composition, urinalysis; microscopic analysis, Clinical features andlaboratory findings in- Glomerulonephritis; acute glomerulonephritis, progressive glomerulonephritis,nephriticsyndrome.Nephroticsyndrome,acuterenalfailure/chronicrenalfailure,renalcalculi.BooksRecommended:

1. Clinical Biochemistry: Metabolic And Clinical Aspects by William J. Marshall, Stephan K. Bangert,ElizabethS.M.;ElsevierScienceHealthScience

2. FundamentalsofClinicalchemistry–Teitz,W.B.Saunderscompany,3. PracticalClinicalBiochemistry,volumeIandII,5thedition–Varleyet.al.,CBSPublishers,.4. BiochemistrybyZubay4thEdition(WMCBrownPublishers)5. PhysiologicalbasisofMedicine(Best&Taylor)6. Teitztextbookofclinicalbiochemistry3rdedition–Burtisetal.,WilliamHeinmannmedicalbooks,Ltd.7. Clinicalbiochemistry–Metabolicandclinicalaspects,PearsonProfessionalLtd8. GeraldKarp,CellandmolecularBiology.(JohnWellyandSons)9. FredericMartini,FundamentalsofAnatomyandPhysiology(prenticeHall,NewJersey)10. Harrison's Principles of InternalMedicine, 18thEdition (Harrison's Principles of Internalmedicine) by

Dan L. Longo, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, J. Larry Jameson and JosephLoscalzo,McGrawhillspublishers


CLB18302CR: Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Organ systems: Physiology andDiseasesUNITI-PhysiologyandDisordersofGastrointestinalSystem-IMechanismofgastricsecretion-HClproduction,Gastrointestinalhormones-Clinicalfeaturesandlaboratoryfindings in diseases of the stomach: peptic ulcer, neoplastic disease. Physiology of the pancreatic function,Assessmentofpancreaticfunction.Pancreaticenzymes;SecretinandCCK-PZtestsUNITII-PhysiologyandDisordersofGastrointestinalSystem-IIClinical features and laboratory findings in diseases of the pancreas; Acute and chronic pancreatitis;Assessmentofintestinalfunction;Smallbowelmalabsorptiontests;Xylose,Lactoseandotherdisaccharides).Clinicalfeaturesandlaboratoryfindingsin:Malabsorption,Malabsorptionsyndromes(A);glutenintolerance,inflammatoryboweldisease,Crohn’sdiseaseUNITIII-Physiology&DisordersofHepatobiliarySystem-ILiverstructureandfunction:briefanatomy;functionsofliver,Biochemicalindicesinhepatobiliarydisorders;bilirubin Bile acids, serum enzymes (ALP, AST, GGT, LDH), Serum proteins (immunoglobulins, prothrombin)Serum lipids (lipoprotein X, role of LCAT). Liver function tests (cholangiography). Diseases of hepatobiliarysystem-acute liverdiseases:viralhepatitis,Toxichepatitis (hepatotoxicdrugs);chronic liverdiseases - livercirrhosis.BooksRecommended:

1. Harrison's Principles of InternalMedicine, 18thEdition (Harrison's Principles of Internalmedicine) byDan L. Longo, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, J. Larry Jameson and JosephLoscalzo,McGrawhillspublishers

2. GeraldKarp,CellandmolecularBiology.(JohnWellyandSons)3. FredericMartini,FundamentalsofAnatomyandPhysiology(prenticeHall,NewJersey)4. Clinical Biochemistry: Metabolic And Clinical Aspects by William J. Marshall, Stephan K. Bangert,

ElizabethS.M.;ElsevierScienceHealthScience5. Fundamentalsofclinicalchemistry–Teitz,W.B.Saunderscompany6. Practicalclinicalbiochemistry,volumeIandII,5thEdition–Varleyet.al.,CBSPublishers,7. BiochemistrybyZubay4thEdition(WMCBrownPublishers)8. PhysiologicalbasisofMedicine(Best&Taylor)9. Teitztextbookofclinicalbiochemistry3rdedition–Burtisetal.,WilliamHeinmannmedicalbooks,Ltd.10. Clinicalbiochemistry–Metabolicandclinicalaspects,PearsonProfessionalLtd


CLB18303CR:NeuromuscularandSkeletalSystems:PhysiologyandDiseasesUNITII-PhysiologyandDisordersofMusculo-SkeletalsystemPhysiology of muscle, Skeletal muscle - Ultrastructure, Molecular mechanism of its contraction; Smoothmuscle-Ultrastructure,contractionanditscontrol;Joints-Physiology,TypesofJoints–fibrous,cartilageandsynovial;Synovial fluidand itsproperties;Pathophysiologyand laboratory findingsof jointdisorders-Osteo-arthritisandRheumatoidArthritis;Bonemetabolism-Biochemicalmarkersofboneturnover.SignificanceofurinarycyclicAMP,ClinicalfeaturesandlaboratoryfindingsinthedisorderslikeTetany,OsteoporosisUNITIII-PhysiologyanddisordersofNervousSystemNerveimpulsetransmission:Structureofneuron,mechanismofnerveimpulseconductionalongaxon,ActionPotential; Threshold action potential. Neurotransmitters; Excitory and Inhibitory neurotransmitters, Pre-synapticandpost-synapticeventsofneuromuscular junctions,Structureofnervoussystem;CNS,peripheralnervoussystem.Disordersofneurotransmission:cholinergicsystems(Alzheimer’sdisease,myastheniagravis);aminergic systems (Parkinson’s disease,). Epilepsy, Huntington’s disease, Multiple sclerosis, Psychiatricdisorders;mooddisorders,depressivedisorders.BooksRecommended:

1. FredericMartini,FundamentalsofAnatomyandPhysiology(prenticeHall,NewJersey)2. Clinical Biochemistry: Metabolic and Clinical Aspects by William J. Marshall, Stephan K. Bangert,

ElizabethS.M.;ElsevierScienceHealthScience3. Fundamentalsofclinicalchemistry–Teitz,W.B.Saunderscompany4. Practicalclinicalbiochemistry,volumeIandII,5thEdition–Varleyet.al.,CBSPublishers,5. BiochemistrybyZubay4thEdition(WMCBrownPublishers)6. PhysiologicalbasisofMedicine(Best&Taylor)7. Teitz textbookof clinicalbiochemistry3rdedition–Burtisetal.,WilliamHeinmannmedicalbooks,

Ltd.8. Clinicalbiochemistry–Metabolicandclinicalaspects,PearsonProfessionalLtd


CLB18304CR:LabCourse-III

• Estimationofserumalbuminanddeterminationofalbumin/globulinratio.• Estimationofserumtriglycerides,totalcholesterol,HDLcholesterol,LDLcholesterol.• Estimationofserumbilirubin• Estimationofserumacidphosphate,alkalinephosphate,ALTandASTandtheirclinicaluse• Estimationofserumureaandcreatinine• Urineanalysis–Routineandmicroscopicexamination• SubCellularfractionationandmarkerenzymesactivity• Estimationofserumofnormalandsicklehemoglobin• EstimationofT3,T4,andTSHbyELISA/RIA• EstimationofantinuclearantibodiesandCreactiveprotein• SeparationofmononuclearcellsbyFicoll-Hypaque.• TLC/DLC• Estimationofnon-proteinnitrogen,urea,urate,creatineandcreatinine.• Testsforurinaryproteins• Testsforlipidsandlipoproteins• Estimationofcholesterol• EstimationofNa+,K+andCl-• EstimationofCa++,Mg++andP• EstimationofFe+2,Cu+2andZn+2• DemonstrationofPCR-RFLP,RT-PCR/Q-PCRTechniques• Testsforliverandbilliarytractdiseases• Testsforrenaldiseases


CLB18305DCE:AdvancedEndocrinology

UNITI-PhysiologyandDisordersofPituitaryGland

General characters and classificationofhormones;Hypothalamus&pituitarygland; Structure,biosynthesis,secretion, transport metabolism, and function of the hormones secreted by pituitary gland, (controlmechanismofhypothalamusandpituitary),Hypo-andhyper-secretionofhormonessecretedbypituitary.

UNITII-PhysiologyandDisordersofThyroidGland

Thyroid gland: Structure, biosynthesis, secretion, transport metabolism, and function. Hypo-&hyperthyroidism. Proteolysis of thyroglobulin and secretion of thyroxine and triiodothyronine, storage andtransportofiodine.Regulationofthyroidhormonesynthesisantithyroidagents.Parathyroidgland:Structure,biosynthesis,secretion,transportmetabolismandfunctionofthehormones.Disordersofparathyroid.

UNITIII-PhysiologyandDisordersofPancreaticHormones

Pancreatichormones:structureandbiosynthesisofpancreatichormones,organizationofisletcells,synthesis,destructionandmechanismofactionofinsulin,effectofinsulinoncarbohydrateandlipidmetabolism,Insulinsignalingsystem,insulindeficiency,glucagonchemistry,metaboliceffectsofglucagonandsomatostatin.

UNITIII-PhysiologyandDisordersofAdrenalGland

Adrenalglandhormones:Adrenalmedulla-Epinephrineandnor-epinephrine,theirbiosynthesis,metabolismof Epinephrine and nor-epinephrine, biological actions of Epinephrine and nor-epinephrine and theirregulation.Adrenal cortex- synthesisof adrenal cortical steroids, biological actionsand transportof corticalsteroids.Mechanismofactionofadrenalsteroidhormones.

BooksRecommended:1. Harrison's Principles of InternalMedicine, 18thEdition (Harrison's Principles of Internalmedicine) by

Dan L. Longo, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, J. Larry Jameson and JosephLoscalzo,McGrawhillspublishers


ElizabethS.M.;ElsevierScienceHealthScience5. Fundamentalsofclinicalchemistry–Teitz,W.B.Saunderscompany6. Practicalclinicalbiochemistry,volumeIandII,5thEdition–Varleyet.al.,CBSPublishers,7. BiochemistrybyZubay4thEdition(WMCBrownPublishers)8. PhysiologicalbasisofMedicine(Best&Taylor)9. Teitztextbookofclinicalbiochemistry3rdedition–Burtisetal.,WilliamHeinmannmedicalbooks,Ltd.10. Clinicalbiochemistry–Metabolicandclinicalaspects,PearsonProfessionalLtd


CLB18306DCE:CardiovascularSystemandDrugmetabolism

UNITI-Cardiovascularsystem:PhysiologyandDisordersAnatomy and physiology of heart, cardiac cycle (cardiac output, venous return and their regulation),Examination of cardiovascular system, Myocardial Infarction - troponin, myoglobin and other markers;congestive heart failure, Atherosclerosis, Shock and Hypertension. Hematopoiesis, RBC maturation and itsregulation,Blooddisorders-Anemiaandpolycythemia.Hemostasis–Principle,Typesofmechanism–Vascularspasm,plateletplugformationandCoagulation-IntrinsicandextrinsicpathwayUNITII-MineralandDrugMetabolismApproaches to pharmacological testing, Use of gastrointestinal tract for drug absorption, T half-life, Drugmetabolism, excretion; Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and pharmacogenetics, Drug metabolism inelderly; Clinical applications of pharmacogenetic testing, Defining pharmacogenetic targets, Examples ofclinicallyrelevantpharmacogenetictargets-NAT1&NAT2.

BooksRecommended:1. Harrison'sPrinciplesof InternalMedicine,18thEdition (Harrison'sPrinciplesof Internalmedicine)

by Dan L. Longo, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, J. Larry Jameson andJosephLoscalzo,McGrawhillspublishers

2. FredericMartini,FundamentalsofAnatomyandPhysiology(prenticeHall,NewJersey)3. ClinicalBiochemistry:MetabolicAndClinicalAspectsbyWilliamJ.Marshall,StephanK.Bangert,

ElizabethS.M.;ElsevierScienceHealthScience4. Fundamentalsofclinicalchemistry–Teitz,W.B.Saunderscompany5. PhysiologicalbasisofMedicine(Best&Taylor)6. Teitztextbookofclinicalbiochemistry3rdedition–Burtisetal.,WilliamHeinmannmedicalbooks,

Ltd.7. ClinicalBiochemistry–Metabolicandclinicalaspects,PearsonProfessionalLtd.8. Lippincott's illustrated reviews: Pharmacology by Richard a Harvey, Pamela C Champe, Richard

Finkel,LuigiXCubeddu,michelleaclarke,4thedition,20089. PharmacognosybyG.E.Trease,W.C.Evans,ELBS,2002


CLB18307DCE:HighRiskpregnancy&Neonatology

UNITI-AssessmentandMonitoringofHighRiskPregnancy

Perinatalcare,TotalMaternalserumscreen;firsttrimesterscreen;Down’ssyndromescreen,Second&Thirdtrimesterscreen, [alpha-fetoprotein,hCG,unconjugatedestriol),Quadripplescreen,Amniotic fluidand fetalblood examination (acetylcholinesterase and other tests on amniotic fluid), Amniocentesis, PercutaneousUmbilical Cord Blood Sampling (PUBS), chorionic villus sampling (CVS), Laboratory assessment of fetal lungmaturity.Ectopicpregnancy;biochemicalmarkersandmanagement.

UNITII-Neonatology&Congenitaldisorders

Respiratory distress syndrome, Common transient phenomena, Neonatal Infections. Neural tube defects;Spina bifida, Anencephaly, Encephaloceles (Origin and management), Neonatal anemia. Rhisoimmunization.Down syndrome. Cystic Fibrosis. Vaccination in Newborn babies, WHO recommendedimmunizationschedule.BCG,DPT,OPV&Multivalentvaccinecombinations.

BooksRecommended:

1. Harrison's Principles of InternalMedicine, 18thEdition (Harrison's Principles of Internalmedicine) byDan L. Longo, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, J. Larry Jameson and JosephLoscalzo,McGrawhillspublishers.

2. GHAIEssentialPediatrics,8thEditionbyPaulVK&BaggaA(CBSPublishers).3. FredericMartini,FundamentalsofAnatomyandPhysiology(prenticeHall,NewJersey)4. Teitztextbookofclinicalbiochemistry3rdedition–Burtisetal.,WilliamHeinmannmedicalbooks,Ltd.5. GuytonandHall,ATextbookofMedicalPhysiology,W.B.Saunders6. Clinical Biochemistry: Metabolic And Clinical Aspects by William J. Marshall, Stephan K. Bangert,

ElizabethS.M.;ElsevierScienceHealthScience7. Fundamentalsofclinicalchemistry–Teitz,W.B.Saunderscompany.


CLB18002GE:ClinicalPathologyUnitI-GeneralPathologyCellinjury,mechanismofcellinjury.Reversible&irreversiblecellinjury.Inflammation:definitionandvarioustypesofinflammation.Chemicalmediatorsofinflammation,vasoactivefactorsandphagocytosis.Granulomaformation.Roleofneutrophillsininflammation.

UNITII-Hemodynamicdisorders,thrombosisandshockHyperemia and congestion - definition and morphology, Thrombosis - definition, pathogenesis, causes,morphology and fate, Differences between Thrombophlebitis and Phlebothrombosis, Embolism &Infarctio,Oedema -definition, types,pathogenesiswithexamples,TransudateandExudate,Shock -definition, types,pathogenesis,clinicalmanifestationsandexamples.BooksRecommended:

1. EssentialsofclinicalpathologybyShirishM.Kawthalkar-JPB.2. Clinicalpathology,HaematologyandbloodbankingbyMaheshwari-JayKay.3. ClinicalpathologybyJamesCartonandRichardDaly-OUPOxford.


SEMESTERIVCLB18401CR:InternshipDissertationInternship represents a cross-overpoint betweenuniversity and career. Theexperienceone gets during aninternshipwill indicate how he/she should structure future studies, particularlywhen it comes to decidingwhat aspects one should focus on. Students carry their internship programoutside the parent departmentwherein projectworkwill be carried out, based on research and actual benchwork under the guidance oftheirrespectivesupervisorattheplaceof internship.Thedepartmentfacilitatesthestudents forplacementfortheirinternship.Duringtheprogramthestudentsareinclosetouchwiththeirrespectiveteachersinthedepartment.Thestudentsareexpected toputat least sixworkinghoursdaily foramaximumperiodof sixmonths.Attheendoftheinternship,theinternshipdissertationwillbesubmittedintheparentdepartmentandevaluated.

CLB18402CR:HostInstituteGradingDuringtheinternship,thestudentswillbecriticallyevaluatedbythesupervisorsandwillbegradedbythembased on their attendance in the lab, daily experimentalwork,writing and communications kills and othercriteriarelatedtoroutinelabwork.CLB18403CR:InternshipAssessmentThis will include an open presentation, defending their dissertation work to be evaluated by an externalexaminer(tobenominatedbyHeadoftheDepartment)andallthefacultymembers.Thepresentationwillbefollowedbythevivaofthestudentstobecarriedoutbytheexternalexaminer.


CLB18404DCE: Automation, Diagnostic Procedures, Interpretation & ClinicalCo-relationsUNITI-AutomationinClinicalBiochemistryHistoricaloverview, Laboratory information systems,TypesofAutomation, Individual steps in theanalyticalprocesses, Reagent handling and storage, reagent delivery, Chemical reaction phase, Development ofstandards for laboratory automation.Other areasof automation; urine analyzers, hematology cell countersand flow-cytometers. Quality Assurance & Management: Fundamentals of total quality management,elements of quality assurance program. External quality assessment- Identifying the source of analyticalerrors.FundamentalsofLabSafety.Establishmentanduseofreferencevalues:Conceptofreferencevalues,Selectionofreferenceindividuals,Specimencollection,Analyticalproceduresandqualitycontrol.Methodsfordeterminingthereferencevaluesandpresentationofanobservedvalueinrelationtoreferencevalue.UNIT–IIRoutinelabanalysisBilirubin-total,conjugated(direct).HepatitisA,BandCserology.Calculi.Iron-serum,ironbindingcapacity,iron saturation, transferrin, Ferritin. Lipids: cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol,Apolipoprotein A B and E. Lipoprotein A. Cardiac Markers; CK-2 (CKMB), troponins, myoglobin, Creatininekinase.Prostatespecificantigen(PSA);alpha-fetoprotein(AFP);chorionicgonadotropin(CG).Proteins;Serumtotal, albumin, Urinary microalbumin, C-reactive protein. Immunoglobulin IgE, allergen specific IgE,Hemoglobins.Antibodies:anti-ds-DNA;anti-nuclearantibodiesby immunofluorescence, specificanti-nuclearantibodies(SS-A,SS-B,Sm,RNP);anti-thyroglobulin,TSHreceptorantibody,Islet-cellantibodies.Urineanalysis(includingmicroscopy).UNITIII–ElectrolyteandspecificenzymeanalysisEvaluation and clinical significance of: Blood gases and pH (carboxyhemoglobin, Met Hb, etc); Variouselectrolytes(Na+,K+,HCO3,etc),Urea,Uricacid.Enzymes; Alkalinephosphatase,Alanineaminotransferase,Aspartateaminotransferase,Gamma-glutamyltransferase, Lactatedehydrogenase,Creatinekinase,Amylase,Lipase; Acetylcholinesterase, Angiotensin converting enzyme, Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase,Immunoreactivetrypsinogenandchymotrypsin.UNITIV–HORMONEANALYSISHormonetests:Growthhormone,Folliclestimulatinghormone,Luteinizinghormone,Corticotropinreleasinghormone, prolactin, Thyroxin and free thyroxin, Thyrotropin, Triiodo-thyronine (Total T3) and free T3,Thyroglobulin,reverseT3,Parathyroidhormone,Calcitonin,Cortisol(plasmaandurinaryfree),Corticotropin,Antidiuretic hormone, Aldosterone, gastrin, rennin, estradiol, testosterone (total and free), C-peptide,glucagon, hCG screen (pregnancy test) and quantitative hCG. Insulin tolerance test; growth hormonestimulation test;Adrenocorticotropin,congenitaladrenalhyperplasiaorhirsutism,BolusTests,cAMP,cGMP,prostaglandins,Strategyofcancerdetectionbybiochemicalmeans;cancermarkersandcancerscreening


BooksRecommended:

1. Harrison's Principles of InternalMedicine, 18thEdition (Harrison's Principles of Internalmedicine) byDan L. Longo, Anthony S. Fauci, Dennis L. Kasper, Stephen L. Hauser, J. Larry Jameson and JosephLoscalzo,McGrawhillspublishers


ElizabethS.M.;ElsevierScienceHealthScience5. Fundamentalsofclinicalchemistry–Teitz,W.B.Saunderscompany6. Practicalclinicalbiochemistry,volumeIandII,5thEdition–Varleyet.al.,CBSPublishers,7. BiochemistrybyZubay4thEdition(WMCBrownPublishers)8. PhysiologicalbasisofMedicine(Best&Taylor)9. Teitztextbookofclinicalbiochemistry3rdedition–Burtisetal.,WilliamHeinmannmedicalbooks,Ltd.10. Clinicalbiochemistry–Metabolicandclinicalaspects,PearsonProfessionalLtd11. Lippincott's illustrated reviews: Pharmacology byRichard a Harvey, Pamela C ChampeRichardFinkel,

LuigiXCubeddu,michelleaclarke,4thedition,200812. PharmacognosybyG.E.Trease,W.C.Evans,ELBS,2002


CLB18003GE:EpigeneticsandGeneExpressionUnit-IEpigeneticinheritance

Introductiontoepigenetics.DifferencesbetweenMendelianandepigeneticinheritance.Chromatinstructure;Histones,nucleosomesandhigherorderchromatinstructure.EpigeneticControlofChromatinOrganization;DNA methylation, histone modifications. Epigenetics and diseases: Various types of cancers, fragile X-syndrome

Unit-II:Epigeneticsandgeneregulation

Chromatinasaregulatorofgeneexpression;Post-translationalmodificationsofhistonesandtheassociatedwritersandreaders,ATP-dependentchromatinremodelingcomplexes,HistoneChaperones,HistonevariantsandNon-codingRNAs.Metabolicandenvironmentalcontrolofepigeneticstates.

BooksRecommended:

1. Genetics:AnalysisofGenesandGenomesbyHartl,Jones2. TomStrachan&AndrewP.ReadHumanMolecularGenetics(3rdEdition),JohnWiley&Sons.3. RickiLewis,HumanGenetics-Concepts&Applications(3rdEdition),McGrawHill.4. T.A.Brown,Genomes,JohnWiley&Sons(Asia)PTELtd.5. ScottFreeman&JonC.Herron,EvolutionaryAnalysis(5thEdition),PrenticeHall6. GarnerE.J,Simmons,M.J.&Snustad,D.P.PrinciplesofGenetics,JohnWiley&SonsInc,N.Y7. Watson, J.D.,Hopkins,N.H.,Roberts, J.W.Steitz&Weiner,A.M.,MolecularBiologyof theGenes,

TheBenjamin/CummingsPublishingCompanyInc.,Tokyo.8. WilliamS.Klug&MichaelR.CummingsEssentialsofGenetics,5thEd,PrenticeHallInternationals

DanielL.Hartl&ElizabethW.Jones,EssentialGenetics,6thEd.,Jones&BartlettPublishers


CLB18004GE:BasicsinCellularSignallingUNIT-I Introduction to Cell Structure and Signal Transduction -Cellular signaling and transport across themembrane.ActiveandPassiveTransport.Signalingviacellsurfacereceptors.TypesofCellsurfaceReceptors.G-ProteinCoupledReceptor(GPCR)signalingpathways.StructuralandFunctionalfeaturesofGPCRs,DiversityofSecondaryMessengermoleculesincellularsignaling.

UNIT-II SignalingthroughCellsurfacereceptorswithintrinsicenzymaticactivities.ReceptorTyrosineKinase(RTK) signaling. Structural and functional features of RTKs. Non-Receptor Kinase signaling Pathway(NRTKs).JAK-STAT and MAPK signaling and its role in cancer development.Signaling through intracellularreceptors.

BooksRecommended:

1. Molecular Cell Biology by H. Lodish, A. Berk, SL Zipursky, P.Matsudaira, D. Baltimore, and JamesDarnell.

2. BiochemistryofsignaltransductionandregulationbyGerhardKrauss3. Signaltransduction:principles,pathwaysandprocessbyLewisC.Cantley,TonyHunter,RichardServer

andJeremyThorner-ColdspringHarborLabortarypress.SignaltransductionandhumandisesesbyTorenFinkel,J.SilvioGutkind-Wiley-Liss

clinical biochemistry, university of kashmir - choice based...

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