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EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 1
Closed-Loop Lifecycle Management (CL2M)
Concepts and Technologies for Closing Information Loopswithin the Product Lifecycle to Create the Foundation of a Digital Enterprise
Dimitris Kiritsis
EPFL, ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 2
Some words about DK…
• STI-IGM
– Prof. ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing
• EC – AG LEIT-NMBP
– Individual Member
• IFIP WG5.7 – Advanced Production Management Systems
– Chair
• Member (representing EPFL)
www.cl2m.com
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 3
ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing
Optimisation
of Lifecycles
of Product Systems
OT
SYSTEMS ENG
Business Process ModelingFunctional Modeling…
ET
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Petri Nets
Graph Theory
Statistical Analysis
…
Sustainable Manufacturing involves a complex system of Products,
Processes and Ressources need for multidisciplinary research
Main disciplines:
•MECHANICAL ENG
•MANUFACTURING ENG
•LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT
IT
COMPUTER SCIENCE
Ontology Engineering / Semantic WebInternet of ThingsKnowledge Management /AI
Machine LearningData AnalyticsReasoning…
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 4
What must be “sustained” in manufacturing ?
• Performance, Quality and Safety
• Natural resources and Environment
• Lifecycle thinking
• Human Capital and Education
• Innovation
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 5
Lifecycles
MOL
Assembly
Part Manufacturing
Procurement
BOL
Detail Design
Life Cycle Planning
EOL
Disposal
Parts/Component reuse
Collection (Reverse logistics)
Life Cycle
Conceptual Design
Distribution
(Logistics)
Maintenance
(Service)
Use
Material recycleDesign Production
Lifecycle DB/KB
PLMPlatform
Lifecycle dataLifecycle data
Lifecycle data
Remanufacturing
(Disassembly
Refurbishment,
Reassembly,
Test, etc)
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 6
MOL
Process
Resource
Product
DESIGN
Process
Resource
Product
PRODUCTION
Process
Resource
Product
EOL
Process
Resource
Product
Materials
Disposal
Recycling
Re-mfg.
Service Re-use
Closing the information loops
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 7
CL2M: Closed Loop Lifecycle ManagementThe PROMISE Concept
- Data
Embeddeddevice
- Diagnosis- Decision making
- Data
- Info
- Info
- Info request
- Info- Advice
PEID(CPS enablers)- Sensors- Tags- Memory- Data
Wireless comm.
(short distance)
Internet
(long distance)- Semantics- Ubiquitous computing
- PLM agent- Knowledge agent- DFX agent
Producer’sPDKM
© EPFL
- Product/Asset with
- PLM Agent
In the Cloud
- PLM system- KB repositories
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 8
Applications
PEIDRFID
Middleware
Data Services
Embedded
Systems
Read/Write
Business
Processes DecommissioningBusiness
Processes
ProductsProducts
Design/Production
Design for XPreventivePredictive
MaintenanceTracking &Tracing
Adaptive
Production
Effective
Recycling
Semantic
enrichmentDispatching
NotificationsPEID
Management
AnalyticsKnowledge
Management
Decision
Making
A system architecture for CL2M and I4.0
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 9
CL2M system architecture - 2
Data analytics and transformations (Middleware)
Data gathering (PEID)
Business applications
BOL MOL EOL
(1) Horizontally closed
Lifecycle Data-Information-Knowledge Transformations
- Gathering data- Feedback
- Information, Knowledge- Feedback
(2) Vertically closed
Applications
PEIDRFID
Middleware
Data Services
Embedded
Systems
Read/Write
Business
Processes DecommissioningBusiness
Processes
ProductsProducts
Design/Production
Design for XPreventivePreventive
MaintenanceTracking &Tracing
…Adaptive
Production…
Effective
Recycling
Semantic
enrichmentDispatching
NotificationsPEID
Management
AnalyticsKnowledge
Management
Decision
Making
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 10
The intelligent consumer/user in the loop …in the Product Lifecycle loops
Designer / Producer
Consumer /User
ServiceProvider
D, I
K
D, I
D, I
IoT&
PEID(CPS enablers)
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 11
Systems of Systems: Closed-Loop Lifecycle Management (CL2M)
Instance
Manufacturing
1
Manufacturing 2
User 1
User 2
Recycling
InstanceInstance
Instance
Instanc
e
Product information
Where? In one or many places?
Type/version/instance-specific?
Information
queries/updates
Designer 1
Designer 2
”Thing
”
”Thing
”
”Thing
”Business
idea/plan
IoT
• Lifecycle view: IoT is about managing all information about any product/Thing
• Information is Distributed over Systems (devices, servers, applications, ...)
• Information is Distributed over Organizations (companies, individuals, authorities, …)
• Product (and its parts) are unique instances
• How manage identities, access rights, …?
• IoT should provide necessary Capabilities for CL2M
Red arrows: O-MI & O-DF
www.cl2m.com
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 12
Ontology Based Lifecycle Engineering
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 13
Why an ontology ?
“An ontology is a formal naming and definition of the concepts, properties, and interrelationships of the entities that really or fundamentally exist for a particular domain”
Inference engine
Data base
Bridge for multiple domains
Mediator for multiple platforms
Linked data enabler
Semantic search
Source of knowledge
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 14
Ontology
14
• Ontology =def. a representation of the types of entities in
a given domain and of the relations between them.
• types = universals, classes, kinds, categories
– roughly that which is general in reality, including
• types of aircraft
• types of aircraft part
• types of aircraft maintenance process
as contrasted with individuals, particulars, instances of these
types
– this specific aircraft, that specific aircraft part
• relations: is a subtype of (is_a), is part of, has part, …
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 15
Why ontologis for PLM ?
Scattered data in several sources, systems and services
Different actors withmultidisciplinary skills
Data Analyticsmodule
Semantic modellingmodule
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 16
Our basic concept for Ontology Based Lifecycle Engineering
Resource
TimeProduct
Process
Dynamic
Properties
Dynamic
Properties
Dynamic
Properties
is operated at
is executedat
supports at
Agent
serve atDynamic
Properties
has
has
has
requests
has
Static
Properties
has
Static
Properties
Static
Properties
Static
Properties
has
has
has
Time point
^^ xsd:double
has
has
has
has
Events
has
Events
Events
Events
has
has
has
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 17
Draft of a generic PLC (Product Life Cycle) Ontology
based on
BFO (Basic Formal Ontology)
17
With the contribution of Barry Smith (NCOR, Buffalo)
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 18
Basic Formal Ontology - BFO
18
Continuant Occurrent(Process, Event)
IndependentContinuant
DependentContinuant
https://github.com/BFO-ontology
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 19
Continuant
IndependentContinuant
SpecificallyDependentContinuant
Non-realizableDependentContinuant(quality)
RealizableDependentContinuant(function, role, disposition)
Basic Formal Ontology - BFO
19
Material Entity
Immaterial Entity
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 20
Continuant Occurrent
process, eventIndependentContinuant
thing
DependentContinuant
quality
.... ..... .......quality depends
on bearer
Basic Formal Ontology - BFO
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 21
Continuant Occurrent
process, eventIndependentContinuant
thing
DependentContinuant
quality, …
.... ..... .......event depends
on participant
Basic Formal Ontology - BFO
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 22
Four major top-level categories in BFO
ProcessInformation EntityMaterial Entity Attribute
BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 23
Four major top-level categories in BFO
ProcessInformation EntityMaterial Entity Attribute
CrackFaultDiscontinuity
StatusStateProductivityQualityFunction
BFO:Continuant BFO:Occurrent
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 24
Top Level organization of BFO
ProcessInformation EntityMaterial Entity Attribute
BFO: Continuant BFO: Occurrent
Temporal Region
occupies
Spatial Region
occupies
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 25
ProcessInformation EntityMaterial Entity
BFO Material Entity
25
Portion of MaterialPart/Component
SwitchBoilerFurnaceTank
FactoryAccess roadDelivery vehicle
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 26
ProcessInformation EntityMaterial Entity
Product Model (output of CAD system)
Requirement Specification
Process PlanProduction PlanPart/Component List
Maintenance PlanMaintenance ReportMaintenance History
BFO Information Entity
26
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 27
ProcessInformation EntityMaterial Entity
Design ProcessProduction Process
Production Plan Generation Process
Product Use ProcessProduct Maintenance ProcessProduct Inspection Process
End Of Life Process
BFO Process Entity
27
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 28
Pro
cess
Info
rmat
ion
Enti
tyM
ate
rial
Enti
tytime
Time
28
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 29
Space & Time
ProcessInformation EntityMaterial Entity Attribute
BFO: Continuant BFO: Occurrent
Temporal Region
occupies
Spatial Region
occupies
For some processes we have also process boundaries (beginning of process, end of process) at determinate Temporal Intervals. For some processes beginnings or endings may be indeterminate
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 30
Pro
cess
Info
rmat
ion
Enti
tyM
ate
rial
Enti
tyProcess
Planned Process
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
BFO: Process
The PLC ontology
30
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 31
Pro
cess
Process
Planned Process
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
BFO: Process
ProductionPlan
GenerationProcess
DesignProcess
Follows Mainten-ance
Process
UseProcess
End of Life
Process
Part of Part of Part of Part of Part of
Follows Follows Inter-sperses Follows
Part of
ProductionProcess
Info
rmat
ion
Enti
tyM
ate
rial
Enti
ty
The PLC ontology
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 32
Pro
cess
Process
Planned Process
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
BFO: Process
ProductionPlan
GenerationProcess
DesignProcess
Follows Mainten-ance
Process
UseProcess
End of Life
Process
Part of Part of Part of Part of Part of
Follows Follows Inter-sperses Follows
Part of
ProductionProcess
RequirementPlanning
Concept Development
Product Definition
Product Development
Product Introduction
Product Support
Disposal and Recycling
Generic perspective from the manufacturing industry
The PLC ontology
32
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 33
Follows
Pro
cess
Process
Planned Process
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
BFO: Process
Production PlanGeneration Process
DesignProcess
Part of
FollowsProduction
Process
Info
rmat
ion
Enti
ty
Part of
Maintenance Process
Part of
Follows
Part of
ProductionPlan
Has outputGuides
The PLC ontology
33
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 34
Follows
Pro
cess
Process
Planned Process
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
BFO: Process
Production PlanGeneration Process
DesignProcess
Part of
FollowsProduction
Process
Info
rmat
ion
Enti
ty
Part of
Maintenance Process
Part of
Follows
Part of
ProductionPlan
Has outputGuided-by
Mat
eri
alEn
tity
Has-output
Product
The PLC ontology
34
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 35
Maintenance Process
Maintenance PlanGeneration Process
Has output
MaintenancePlan
Guided-by
The PLC ontology
35
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 36
Follows
Pro
cess
Process
Planned Process
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
BFO: Process
Production PlanGeneration Process
DesignProcess
Part of
FollowsProduction
Process
Info
rmat
ion
Enti
ty
Part of
Maintenance Process
Part of
Follows
Part of
Has output
Guided-by
Maintenance PlanGeneration Process
Has output
MaintenancePlan
Guided-by
ProductionPlan
The PLC ontology
36
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 37
Follows
Process
Planned Process
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
BFO: Process
Production PlanGeneration Process
DesignProcess
Part of
FollowsProduction
Process
Part of
Maintenance Process
Part of
Follows
Part of
Has output
Guided-by
Has output
MaintenancePlan
Guided-by
ProductionPlan
MaintenanceReport
Maintenance PlanGeneration Process
The PLC ontology
37
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 38
Follows
Pro
cess
Process
Planned Process
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
BFO: Process
Production PlanGeneration Process
DesignProcess
Part of
FollowsProduction
Process
Info
rmat
ion
Enti
ty
Part of
Maintenance Process
Part of
Follows
Part of
ProductionPlan
Has outputGuided-by
Mat
eri
alEn
tity
Has-output
Product
The PLC ontology
38
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 39
Follows
Process
Planned Process
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
BFO: Process
Production PlanGeneration Process
DesignProcess
Part of
FollowsProduction
Process
Part of
Maintenance Process
Part of
Follows
Part of
Has output*
Guided-by
Has output
MaintenancePlan
Guided-by
ProductionPlan
MaintenanceReport
Maintenance PlanGeneration Process
The PLC ontology
39
Product
Has output*
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 40
Process
Planned Process
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
BFO: Process
Production PlanGeneration Process
FollowsProduction
Process
Part of
Maintenance Process
Part of
Follows
Part of
Has outputGuided-by
Has output
MaintenancePlan
Guided-by
ProductionPlan
MaintenanceReport
Maintenance PlanGeneration Process
Maintenance History
Technical Manual
The PLC ontology
40
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 41
Transformed-into
Material Entity
ProductWaste
MaterialRaw
Material Has-input
The PLC ontology
41
We need to deal with the fact that the end-of-life process normally occurs not merely after some process of use, but after long sequence of processes of use or after a long time period has elapsed
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 42
End of Life Process
EOL Process
Input-to
Take back Re-cycling Remanufacturing Re-use Disposal
Transformed-intoProduct
WasteMaterial
RawMaterial Has-input
Has-output
Is-a Is-a Is-aIs-aIs-a
The PLC ontology
42
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 43
Mat
eri
alEn
tity
PersonAggregate of persons (Team, Staff, …)
The PLC ontology
43
People
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 44
Mat
eri
alEn
tity
Procurement Staff, Designer, Production Engineer, User…
People
Disposal Engineer…
The PLC ontology
44
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 45
Mat
eri
alEn
tity
Repair Depot
Utility System (Energy, Water, Data … )
Design Shop, Factory, …
Maintenance System
Supply System (Fuel, ….)
Infrastructure (Transport / Delivery System … )
Facilities + Systems
Machine, Vehicle
The PLC ontology
45
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 46
Planned Process
Product Life Cycle (PLC)
Production PlanGeneration
Process
Designprocess
FollowsProduction
ProcessPossession,
Storage
End of Life Process
Requirements Specification
Guides
Product Model (Drawing, …)
ProductionPlan
Maintenance PlanGeneration
Process MaintenanceProcess
Has outputIs input for
Is input for
Maintenance Plan
Guides
Product
Has output Guides
Is input for
Part of Part of Part of Part of Part of
Part of
Has output
Is input for
Is input for
Portion of Waste Material
Has output
Portion of RawMaterial
Factory (Machine, Building, …)
Human being (Designer, Manager, Machinist, Maintenance Engineer, User, … )
Utility Supply System (Energy, Water, Data … )
TechnicalDocumentation
Has output
Pro
cess
Info
rmat
ion
Enti
tyM
ate
rial
Enti
tyBFO: Process
User Documentation
Follows Follows Follows Follows
Has output
Part of
UseProcess
The PLC ontology
46
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 47
Basic Formal Ontology (BFO)
Industry Ontology Foundry (IOF)
47
INDEPENDENTCONTINUANT
DEPENDENT CONTINUANT
INFORMATION ARTIFACT
OCCURRENT
Materials Functions
Materials Attributes
Product Attributes
Software
Drawings
Specifications
Manuals
Images
Sensor Data
Processes
Product Life Cycle
Equipment
Products
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 48
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 49
Taking the LEAP …
2/28/201749
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 50
Applications in FP7 & H2020 projects
EPFL/STI/IGM/ICT for Sustainable Manufacturing @ PI Berlin 2017/ 28.02.2017 http://ict4sm.epfl.ch/ 51
Merci
Thank You