PowerPoint Presentation

Closing the Frontier2nd Period

Kelly ValdezSam Klyce

The American West and East were far from similarThe West focused more on urbanization and farming while keeping tribal traditionsThe East wanted to produce professions and citiesThe Transcontinental Railroad was one of the causes of controversy between Whites and Native AmericansAmericans migrated westward in a cheaper way only by the transportation of horseback or a Conestoga Wagon

The Massacre at Sand CreekSand Creek was an Indian Village made up of 800 Cheyenne Indians Tribe was led by Black KettleKettle had been promised of the US army that his territory would not be harmed, however, the next morning a group known as the Colorado Volunteers attacked the villageThe Volunteers were led by John Chivington who proclaimed Kill and scalp all, big and little.Indians who tried to escape or plead for help were shotIn total, about 400 Indians were killed

Retaliation of Sand CreekIndians around America concurred that they must strike backRed Cloud and his warriors struck a construction sight where troops were at work and slaughtered all 81 of the soldiersIn 1968, the USA passed the Treaty of Fort Laramie reaffirming Indian territory by the government The Dawes ActIn the Dawes Act, Native American families were given approximately 160 acres of tribal landCongress did this as a way to slowly break the Indians into American society. After 25 years, Indians could become American citizensThis act was very unsuccessful as many Indians found it too difficult to change their way of life

The Americanizing FailureSchools were set up for Native American children to learn Eastern American common coreIf a student did not show up, authorities could search their homes legallyThe overall affect of Americanizing Indian children was a disaster, as the Dawes Act was repealed in 1934

The Wounded Knee MassacreReligious views were started within the American tribes as soon as the Sioux were forced into reservation by being held to gunpointIn 1888, the Ghost Dance was created by Wovoka people would chant, have visions, and meditate throughout the South and WestThey wore white shirts they called ghost shirts which they believed would prevent white man bullets from penetrating them (this did not work)

After demands were given from South Dakota residents and the US army to end the ghost dance, the Sioux had no choice except to be transported to Wounded Knee Creek On December 29, 1890, tension arose when shots were fired after the Sioux were told to surrender their weaponsNearly 300 men, women, and children laid dead on the ground after the attack was over, including Chief Big FootThis marked the last fight between Native Americans and the US army, causing the Frontier to be officially closed in 1890

Treat all men alike.... give them all the same law. Give them all an even chance to live and grow. You might as well expect the rivers to run backward as that any man who is born a free man should be contented when penned up and denied liberty to go where he pleases. We only ask an even chance to live as other men live. We ask to be recognized as men. Let me be a free man...free to travel... free to stop...free to work...free to choose my own teachers...free to follow the religion of my Fathers...free to think and talk and act for myself.Dee Brown,Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West

BibliographySchweikart, Larry, and Michael Allen. A Patriot's History of the United States: From Columbus's Great Discovery to the War on Terror. New York: Sentinel, 2004. Print.

"Closing the Frontier." Ushistory.org. Independence Hall Association, n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2015.

Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2015.Questions1. The American west focused primarily on a. Professions and cities b. Agriculture and urbanization c. Good business and sales d. Mining and only mining 2. The American east focused primarily on a. Professions and cities b. Agriculture and urbanization c. Good business and sales d. Mining and only mining 3. Who led the tribe at Sand Creek Village? a. Black kettle b. John Chivington c. Red Cloud d. Green Bean 4. How many Indians were killed at Sand Creek? a. About 200 b. About 300 c. About 400 d. About 500 5. Who led a tribe of Indian warriors to a construction site and slaughtered 81 American troops? a. Black kettle b. John Chivington c. Red cloud d. Green Bean 8. According to the Dawes Act, Indians could become American citizens after5 years20 years25 years27 years7. Under the Dawes Act, Authorities had the right to search a home ifThere were complaints of marijuana from that householdA child didnt go to schoolThere were complaints of the ghost dance being held thereAll of the above8. The Ghost dance was created in18801884188818929. After demands were given from South Dakota residents and the US army to end the ghost dance, the SiouxHad to be transportedRefused to stopAgreed and made friends with US soldiersGave demands to US soldiers to leave them alone10. The last fight between Native Americans and the US army resulted in how many Indian deaths?200250300350

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