University of Limerick SU

Clubs and Societies Safety Statement

2007-2008

Rowing

1. Introduction This safety statement is designed to set out the control measures that the club has in place to reduce the risk associated with its activities to the minimum that is reasonably practicable. The document sets out the role of the society’s/club’s officers with respect to safety. It also sets out the standards that the Students Union requires the society/club to adhere to. The officers have overall responsibility for ensuring safety standards are high and that members are aware of these standards. Officers should bring this document to the attention of members and explain to them the basic safety rules that all members must adhere to when participating in society/club activities. Officers should customize the Safety Statement to their own society or clubs requirements. 1.1 Role of the President of the Club/Society The Presidents role with respect to safety involves the following; • ensuring that everyone is familiar with the Safety Statement, • that there are first aiders and first aid equipment available if required, • that coaches are suitably experienced, • ensuring that novices are well looked after • that relevant training is provided where necessary, • and that everyone is aware of the action to be taken in an

emergency. 1.2 Role of the club/society member • Clubs and Societies endeavor to offer their members a safe

environment in which to participate in activities. The Officers will, to the best of their abilities, bring to the attention of members the risks associated with the activities. However members are expected to make themselves aware of hazards and to be responsible for their own health and safety.

• They must not jeopardize the health and safety of other members through their own actions.

• Members are expected to follow instructions given by Officers or coaches.

• Members should attend relevant training courses provided for them. • They should raise any safety concerns that they have with an Officer or

coach. • Members should inform an Officer or coach of any relevant medical

conditions that might impinge on their ability to participate or that might affect emergency first aid treatment.

• Members are responsible for obtaining as much information as possible about any planned activity, so as to be able to make an informed decision as to whether it is a suitable activity for them.

1.3 Communicating the contents of the Safety Statement An administration seminar is held on an annual basis. The overall content of the Safety Statement will be dealt with at this seminar. At least one club officer must attend the seminar and inform other officers of the content.

2. Reporting of accidents

Accidents that occur as a result of the clubs activities or while a member is participating in the club’s activities must be investigated, recorded on the SU accident report form (form attached in the appendix) and a copy sent to the SU within 5 days of the accident occurring. Members are insured against personal injury while participating in club activities. Non members are not. The SU will deal with claims that may arise. Officers must ensure members are signed up in the membership book provided by the Students Union. As each membership book is completed it must be returned to the Clubs and Societies Development Office. Officers must also submit an electronic copy of the membership list. Accidents are defined as incidents were a person is injured to such an extent that they require first aid or other medical treatment (doctor, nurse, hospital visit).

2.1 Serious accidents and fatalities Serious accidents or fatalities must be reported to the Development Officer, Paul Lee as soon as possible. If Paul is not available the Secretary General must be notified or the President of the Students’ Union. Contact details • Paul Lee, Development Officer 0860435307 • Secretary General 061 202324 • President 061 202326

3. First aid For activities where there is a risk of minor injury an officer of the club must be designated to maintain a suitable first aid kit. For activities where there is a higher risk of injury the club should have a designated trained first aider. Clubs should contact the Development Officer to arrange to participate in a first aid course. The first aid kit must be brought on trips away. The recommended contents of a travel first aid kit are given below however certain activities may require specialized contents.

Materials First Aid Travel Kit Contents

Adhesive Plasters 12

Individually wrapped Triangular bandages 2

Safety Pins 2

Large Individually wrapped sterile Unmedicated Wound Dressing (approx. 13x9cms)

1

Individually Wrapped Wipes 8

Paramedic Shears/scissors 1

Pairs of Latex Gloves 1

Additionally, where there is no clear running water, Sterile Eye Wash

1

The designated first aiders are – See Appendix The officer in charge of the first aid kit is the boatswain First aid kit contents can be purchased from the SU.

4. Hiring of transport When hiring minibuses or other vehicles for club outings only those named as drivers (with the appropriate drivers license) are insured to drive the vehicle. Other club members must not drive. Where possible only minibuses fitted with seat belts should be hired, check with the hire company before hand. 5. Hiring of venues If a venue (external to UL) is to be used by the club for its own activities or for events a club officer should ensure that there are sufficient trained security persons at the venue for the duration of the event (if required). The officer must clarify whether the venue will provide these or if they need to be supplied by the club. If there is any doubt about numbers of security the Ents Committee should be consulted. The club officer should also request the venue manager to sign the declaration set out in the form (attached in appendix). This form is a fire safety declaration of compliance with the relevant legislation and provides assurance to the club’s officers that the venue is safe from a fire safety perspective. This form is not required when clubs or societies are using conventional venues such as hotel function rooms and nightclubs but is needed when hiring halls, marquees and venues not usually used for large groups. 6. Purchase of services Where a club uses the facilities of a service provider (e.g. windsurfing school, dive centre, outdoor pursuits centre) or equipment belonging to a service provider an officer of the club must ensure that the service provider has public liability insurance. A copy of the certificate of insurance should be obtained by an officer of the club prior to the use of the venue or equipment. A copy of the insurance certificate must be given to the Development Officer Paul Lee. Ensure that the insurance policy wording does not exclude any of the activities that your club will be participating in. If the service provider cannot provide a certificate then the club should use an alternative service provider. 7. Hiring in equipment to be used on campus If a club or society is hiring in equipment for use on campus such as bouncy castles or performers such as fire jugglers, the club’s officers must first obtain permission from the Student’s Union. Once permission is obtained the club must get an up-to-date copy of the service provider’s insurance certificate. A copy of the insurance certificate must be sent to;

Cliona Donnellan, Buildings Fax 202416 Phone ext 2496 The equipment/event can only proceed if the event is given the go- ahead by UL’s insurers through Cliona Donnellan. 8. Safety checks on equipment owned by the SU & society/club. Equipment purchased by clubs is the property of the SU and must be returned to the SU should the club cease to operate. To ensure the safety of users the SU require club officers to carry out visual checks on all equipment whose use could have implications for health and safety, i.e. if the equipment was faulty or in poor condition it may adversely affect the health and safety of users. Checks must be carried out at the start of the first term before the equipment is used and the checks must be formally documented. A copy of the visual inspection must be sent to the Development Officer, Paul Lee. 8.1 General equipment issues The guidelines of the Irish Amateur Rowing Union should be adhered to including the following; • All coxswains, umpires, coaches and launch personnel to wear lifejackets or buoyancy aids when afloat • When any boat is placed on the water and before embarkation, it should be checked to ensure that it is in a safe condition and that its moving parts are in working order,

• Check for leaks. • Ceck buoyancy compartments, seals and ventilation bungs. • Check outriggers, swivels, seats and stretchers for security. • Check that heel release mechanisms are effective, i.e., quick

release devices and heel restraints. • Check rudder lines, steering mechanism, rudder and fin to ensure

that everything is secure and in good working order. • Check oars and sculls for damage and ensure that "buttons" are

securely and properly set. • Heel Release Mechanism - Where boats are fitted with "shoes" an

effective release mechanism must be in place to ensure that the

heels are released immediately a strain is put upon them consequent to accident or injury involving boat or person. Heel restraint cords/straps should be correctly adjusted and members instructed in the technique of release in the event of capsize.

• Laced Shoes - check that laces are adequate to hold foot firm but check also that shoes are not over tied immobilising and trapping the foot as a result. It is recommended that lace-ups be replaced by "velcro" straps.

• Velcro Shoes - check for wear in the Velcro strapping and replace regularly. Initial instruction of rowers and scullers should be given in boats without fitted shoes. Clogs or stretcher boards are recommended for beginners.

All coaching launches and safety boats shall carry the following safety aids:

• A bailer, and, for inflatable rubber dinghies, a suitable inflation pump and a spare inflation valve.

• A sound signalling warning device, capable of attracting attention over at least 200 metres.

• A grab line at least 15m (50ft) long with a large knot tied in one end to assist throwing (ideally a purpose made rescue/heaving line - 'throw bag').

• Thermal exposure blankets. • Life buoys and blankets. • A basic first aid kit (contents recorded and checked as before). • A sharp knife in carrying sheath. • A paddle. • Simple handholds fixed to the side of the launch to give help to any

person being rescued and provide self-help should the driver fall overboard.

• Engine cut-out lanyard device. • Anchor and line.

9. Loaning of equipment Club equipment or equipment belonging to the University must not be loaned to third parties who are not members of the SU club. A club member must not borrow equipment for use by third parties even if the club member is present or in the group using the equipment. 10. Using electrical equipment Risks There are a number of risks associated with electrical equipment.

• If you damage electrical equipment, fro example a cable, then bare live wires may be exposed.

• Apparatus may be wrongly connected so that outside metal parts

become live.

• Even equipment which does not have a mains power supply itself can become dangerous. For example, some audio systems have loudspeakers with terminals at dangerous voltages.

• Electrical equipment that overheats can cause fire.

Precautions

• Maintenance, inspection and repair should only be carried out by someone who is suitably qualified.

• Do not rely on other people’s equipment being in a safe condition

or properly connected. Check before you use it.

• Do not connect or use incompatible items of equipment.

• Use a residual current device (RCD) on the power supply to instruments, audio equipment and any other equipment which club members use. If the RCD trips it is a sign that there is a fault that could be dangerous. Do not ignore the warning. Have it checked and get the fault fixed by a competent person.

11. Training of leaders/instructors and ratio of experienced persons to novices Where the club is affiliated to a national body, governing body or federation the requirements of that body must be adhered to. 12. Trips in Ireland (day and longer) where club members may be involved in potentially hazardous activities Club officers must leave contact details with a designated responsible person before setting out on a trip, giving the destination and estimated time of return. The club officer should contact the designated person on return of the club members. In the event of a problem arising the designated person should be instructed to contact the appropriate authorities and the SU.

13. Trips abroad Trips abroad should be notified in writing to the Development Officer, Paul Lee, at least one week prior to departure. The names of all trip participants, their next of kin and contact addresses and numbers must be provided to the Development Officer. 14. Bullying Clubs and societies of the Student’s Union operate do not tolerate bullying. Bullying is repeated aggression, verbal, psychological or physical, conducted by an individual or group against another person or persons. Isolated incidents of aggressive behaviour, while to be condemned, should not be described as bullying. Only aggressive behaviour that is systematic and ongoing should be regarded as bullying. Sanctions will be taken against those found to be in breach of the policy. Club or society members should contact the Welfare Officer for assistance on this issue. 15. Leptospirosis/Weil’s Disease The risk of contracting Leptospirosis from recreational water is small; however the consequences can be fatal if not treated quickly. The precautions should be taken to reduce the risk of infection,

• Cuts and abrasions (including blisters) should be covered with waterproof dressings.

• Wear footwear to avoid cuts and protect feet when paddling in the water (launching a boat).

• Shower after contact with the water. • Wash hands thoroughly before eating or drinking.

If ‘flu like symptoms develop shortly after contact with the water (1-3 weeks) then your doctor should be contacted and advised of the circumstances of exposure. 16. Manual handling Moving equipment necessitates some manual handling which if done incorrectly could lead to injury. Members should be aware of their capabilities and no one should be required to lift beyond their capacity. Members should test the weight before lifting and get assistance if required. The following safe lifting guidelines should be followed;

Good handling technique for lifting Think before lifting/handling. Plan the lift. Can handling aids be used? Where is the load going to be placed? Will help be needed with the load? For a long lift, consider resting the load midway on a table or bench to change grip. Keep the load close to the waist. Keep the load close to the body for as long as possible while lifting. Keep the heaviest side of the load next to the body. If a close approach to the load is not possible, try to slide it towards the body before attempting to lift it. Adopt a stable position. The feet should be apart with one leg slightly forward to maintain balance (alongside the load, if it is on the ground). You should be prepared to move their feet during the lift to maintain their stability. Avoid tight clothing or unsuitable footwear, which may make this difficult. Get a good hold. Where possible the load should be hugged as close as possible to the body. This may be better than gripping it tightly with hands only. Start in a good posture. At the start of the lift, slight bending of the back, hips and knees is preferable to fully flexing the back (stooping) or fully flexing the hips and knees (squatting). Don’t flex the back any further while lifting. This can happen if the legs begin to straighten before starting to raise the load. Avoid twisting the back or leaning sideways, especially while the back is bent. Shoulders should be kept level and facing in the same direction as the hips. Turning by moving the feet is better than twisting and lifting at the same time. Keep the head up when handling. Look ahead, not down at the load, once it has been held securely. Move smoothly. The load should not be jerked or snatched as this can make it harder to keep control and can increase the risk of injury. Don’t lift or handle more than can be easily managed. There is a difference between what people can lift and what they can safely lift. If in doubt, get help. Put down, then adjust. If precise positioning of the load is necessary, put it down first, then slide it into the desired position. 17. Annual Review of Safety Statement At the start of the first term the officers of the club/society should review the contents of its own safety statement and ensure that the contents are still relevant to the activities of the society/club.

If the society/club is participating in additional activities that may have safety implications the officers should draw up a policy to state how the club is going to minimize the risk associated with those activities. For example if the Windsurfing Club decided to branch out into kite surfing then the additional activity should be dealt with. The names of those designated to look after first aid kits, etc should be changed. A new copy of the Safety Statement should be produced and dated with the current academic year clearly printed on the cover. A copy of the revised Safety Statement must be given to the Development Officer. The receipt of funding from the SU is contingent on the receipt of an up-to-date Safety Statement.

Appendix 1 SU Safety Statement Forms

SU Accident Report Form

(to be filled on by an officer of the club and the person suffering the injury, copy to be sent to SU as soon as possible)

1. Club: 2. Name of injured person: 3. Student id no:/Staff id 4. Term time address 5. Home address 6. Phone no. 7. Date of accident: 8. Location of accident 9. in UL(state where)_____________________, 10. on trip(state where)_____________________ 11. State the nature of the injury. 12. What first aid was provided? Page 1 of 3

13. Did the patient attend hospital? Yes/No 14. State name and address of hospital. 15. Date patient attended if not day of accident. 16. What treatment was received? Page 2 of 3

17. How did accident occur? (to be completed by patient)

18. Witness 1 Name 19. Term Address 20. Home address 21. Phone 22. Witness 1 statement 23. Witness 2 Name 24. Term Address 25. Home address 26. Phone 27. Witness 2 statement

SU Use only Insurance company notified:Yes/No Date: Signed:

Page 3 of 3

Fire Safety Declaration of compliance I declare on behalf of _____________________ that the venue is in compliance with Fire Safety in Places of Assembly (Ease of Escape) Regulations, 1985 and with the Code of Practice for the Management of Fire Safety in Places of Assembly. Numbers entering the premises will be controlled by the venue management. _____________________________________ Manager or authorized person Date __/__/__

Equipment Check Form (to be completed for equipment that may pose a health and safety risk if in poor condition, e.g. boats, trailers, protective equipment, harnesses etc) Club:_______________________________________________________________________ Officer carrying out check:_____________________________________________________ Date check carried out:________________________________________________________ Tick box if item is satisfactory (for each type of equipment there may be several items e.g. Equipment description

Item 1

Item 2

Item 3

Item 4

Item 5

Item 6

Item 7

Item 8

Item 9

Item 10

Item 11

Item 12

It1

Corrective actions required Action taken Signed_______________________________ Date actions completed ___/__/__ If items are unsafe or pose a risk to health and safety please take them out of circulation and clearly mark on them that they are not to be used. A copy of this checklist must be sent to the Development Officer, Paul Lee.

Appendix 2 First Aiders (To be reviewed every September) Andrew Hurley 0863198177

Louise Chawke 0867320004

Eoin O Suilleabhain 0861008266

Frances Judge 0868254335

Fionnuala Crowe 0857054717

Alice O Sullivan 0879685429

Mike O Callaghan 0877927379

Cora Conneely 0879037832

Appendix 3 ULRC Boathouse and River Rules

1. Crew must keep to the left at all times. Limerick bank when rowing towards town and Clare bank when rowing towards the University.

2. Crews must pay particular attention on the big bend when on the Clare

bank. It is quite sharp and there is a high risk of collision if missed carelessly.

3. Crews must not pass red buoys after the Guinness Bridge (Canal).

4. There are currently two hazardous obstacles on the main stretch. The

large pylon near the slip is unmarked and the second, about 50m down stream, is marked with a green buoy – this one may be submerged depending on the level of the river but the buoy will mark its position.

5. Crews must launch on the Limerick side of the slip and land on the

University side.

6. Nobody may take any club shell out on the river without permission from a coach.

7. Nobody is allowed to take out a club scull unless there is at least one

other crew on the river for safety. The club recommends that no sculler should be on the river on their own. If any sculler, using their own equipment, wishes to do so, they are taking their safety into their own hands and the club will not be held responsible for any accidents or injuries sustained.

8. Boats are not to be left outside the bay doors. The area nearer to the

clubhouse is to be used for leaving boats on trestles to be washed, rigged, etc.

9. All club boats must be washed after each spin and all oars hung on their

racks.

Appendix 4 IARU Safety Statement IRISH AMATEUR ROWING UNION

Sport HQ Joyce Way Parkwest Business Park Nangor Rd Dublin12

Tel 01 6251130/6251112 fax 01 6251112 ceo@iaru.ie

WATER SAFETY CODE 2006/2007

WATER SAFETY - THE CODE 1. Every Club, School, College and Regatta (hereafter reference will only be made to Club) shall appoint a Safety Adviser whose duty it will be to understand the notes and the requirements of the IARU Code of Practice for Water Safety and advise on their prominent display at all times, their observation and their implementation.

1.1 Breaches of the code are to be identified and advised in writing to the offender, giving a period for correction.

2. There shall be prominently displayed in every Club and Boathouse, and Regatta secretary's office a list of vital telephone numbers relating to safety in general.

• EMERGENCY SERVICES – ‘112’ OR '999' • Fire, Police, Ambulance, list details of information to be given, viz: situation, access, details • Doctors • Local hospital casualty department • River rescue services (if available) • Local river or harbour police • Lifeguards • Clear directions to the nearest alternative telephone point shall also be displayed.

3. Safety and First Aid equipment shall be readily available in every Club boathouse to include - • First Aid Box (to be fully stocked, contents listed and replaced, as used, box contents to be checked monthly). • Thermal/exposure blankets • Life buoys and rescue lines/throw-bags • Life jackets

4. All clubs shall ensure that they carry and maintain adequate comprehensive insurance to cover personal injury to members on and off the water and personal injury and damage to property or third parties. There should be included in these policies adequate cover for the Safety Adviser. 5. Visual aids on water safety, life saving and resuscitation procedures, as may be provided by the IARU or other organisations with the approval of the IARU, are to be displayed prominently. 6. Every Club providing rowing or sculling facilities shall draw up and display a plan of the local waterway, drawing attention to the applicable navigation rules and any local interpretation required to accommodate particular hazards. Instructions shall be included on any variation in normal procedures necessary to combat tidal, stream, wind or other climatic conditions that may arise locally. 7. An accident log is to be maintained and be available for inspection at all times, giving time, place and nature of accident, injuries/damages sustained and names and addresses of witnesses. All cases of accident involving injury shall be notified in writing to the Provincial Branch and copied to IARU Headquarters using the standard pro-formas available. 8. Observance of these requirements is obligatory and the Safety Adviser will monitor their observance and advise on breaches in writing to the club, college or school committee or officer responsible. Copies should be sent to the appropriate Provincial Branch and the party(ies) concerned with the breach. Inspection of arrangements and facilities will be made from time to time by appointees of the Provincial Branch and/or Officers of the IARU, who

will have the power to recommend in writing corrective measures or suspension of activity wherever and whenever appropriate. 9. The following paragraphs relate to specific aspects of the sport that, for convenience, have been grouped under separate headings for ease of reference. Equipment 10. For the safety of all concerned, rowing equipment should be maintained in good order. Particular attention is to be paid to the following: 11. Every boat must at all times carry firmly attached to its bows a white ball of not less than 4cm diameter made of rubber or material of similar consistency. Where the construction or nature of the boat is such that the bow is properly protected or its shape does not present a hazard then this requirement need not apply. 12. Heel restraints and "quick-release" mechanisms must be in proper and effective working order in all boats equipped with fitted shoes. 13. For evening outings, rowing after sunset, boats shall be fitted with lights as required by the Department of the Marine or other statutory authority. 14. Check oars and sculls to ensure that "buttons" are secure and properly set. 15. Buoyancy compartments, bow and stern canvasses, etc., must be checked to ensure that they will function as intended. Oarsmen, Scullers & Coxswains 16. All persons participating in rowing or sculling must be in good health and able to swim a minimum of 100m in light clothing and shoes. 17. Physically challenged athletes participating in organised rowing or sculling activities must be provided with suitable rescue facilities to cope with any accident whilst afloat. 18. All coxswains shall wear a life jacket (conforming to BS3595 standard) or a buoyancy aid of approved design at all times when on the water. Coxswains in "front-loader" positions must wear life jackets that allow them easy escape from their position. Coaching 19. A coach is not only concerned to coach his crews. He has a responsibility for their safety at all times whilst they are in his charge. 20. A coach shall ensure that every member of the crews, of which he has charge, is aware of the appropriate safety procedures at all times. 21. Coaches shall ensure that every member of the crew, including the coxswain, is dressed suitably and adequately protected for the weather conditions they are likely to encounter. 22. Coaches and coaching launch drivers shall wear life jackets (conforming to BS3595 standard) or buoyancy aids when accompanying crews and at other times whilst afloat. 23. All coaching launches and safety boats shall carry the following safety aids:

• A bailer, and, for inflatable rubber dinghies, a suitable inflation pump and a spare inflation valve.

• A sound signalling warning device, capable of attracting attention over at least 200 metres. • A grab line at least 15m (50ft) long with a large knot tied in one end to assist throwing (ideally a purpose made rescue/heaving line - 'throw bag'). • Thermal exposure blankets. • Life buoys and blankets. • A basic first aid kit (contents recorded and checked as before). • A sharp knife in carrying sheath. • A paddle. • Simple handholds fixed to the side of the launch to give help to any person being rescued and provide self-help should the driver fall overboard. • Engine cut-out lanyard device. • Anchor and line.

24. Any activity after dark involving coaching launches requires the launches to be fitted with lights as laid down in the International Prevention of Collision Regulations or as prescribed by the appropriate navigation authority. Regattas and Processional Races 25. All Regattas shall appoint a Safety Adviser whose duty shall be to advise on the observance of the IARU Code of Practice for Water Safety. 26. No regatta, processional race or sponsored row shall take place without full and prior consultation between the organisers, the river or harbour authority, as is appropriate, the police, ambulance services, life saving and first aid organisations to ensure that adequate safety measures are in force. 27. All Regattas shall appoint a suitable qualified and equipped person to be Medical Officer who shall be responsible for ensuring that medical support is accessible to the regatta. 28. Safety boats suitable for the task of rescue manned by persons trained in boat handling and rescue techniques, and properly equipped, shall be available throughout the period of the regatta and during practice. They should be sufficient in number and so placed that rapid assistance and recovery can be provided wherever the need occurs. Numbers and location for craft should be discussed with the rescue services beforehand. 29. Officials and competitors shall be informed of local hazards and traffic rules shall be displayed and brought to the notice of competitors. Telephone numbers of police, ambulance, medical and fire services shall be prominently displayed together with the location of the nearest telephone. 30. Umpire's launches shall carry a life-buoy and line (throw-bag), thermal/exposure blanket and first aid equipment (listed and recorded as before). 31. Umpires shall wear life jackets (conforming to BS3595 standard) or buoyancy aids of approved design at all times when carrying out duties on the water. 32. Procedures to be followed in the case of accident or emergency shall be prepared and communicated to competitors and officials in their instructions. 2. WATER SAFETY - GUIDANCE NOTES

2.1 The role of Safety Advisers for clubs, schools and colleges and other centres of organised rowing and sculling will be to give guidance on, and encourage understanding and compliance with, the following - 2.1.1 In addition to the specific requirements set out in the Code of Practice for Water Safety, those who organise rowing and sculling for others

are responsible for ensuring the observance and understanding of the following requirements by all concerned. 2.1.1.1 Equipment All equipment for rowing, sculling and coaching shall be properly maintained to ensure that it is safe for its intended purpose and does not expose the user to danger. Particular attention should be given to the following: • As far as is practical, boats and equipment should be stored in well lit premises in such a way as to minimise the possibility of damage to

persons or equipment on removal and return. • When any boat is placed on the water and before embarkation, it should be checked to ensure that it is in a safe condition and that its moving

parts are in working order, viz: • Check for leaks. • Check buoyancy compartments, seals and ventilation bungs. • Check outriggers, swivels, seats and stretchers for security. • Check that heel release mechanisms are effective, i.e., quick release devices and heel restraints. • Check rudder lines, steering mechanism, rudder and fin to ensure that everything is secure and in good working order. • Check oars and sculls for damage and ensure that "buttons" are securely and properly set. • Heel Release Mechanism - Where boats are fitted with "shoes" an effective release mechanism must be in place to ensure that the heels are

released immediately a strain is put upon them consequent to accident or injury involving boat or person. Heel restraint cords/straps should be correctly adjusted and members instructed in the technique of release in the event of capsize.

• Laced Shoes - check that laces are adequate to hold foot firm but check also that shoes are not over tied immobilising and trapping the foot as a result. It is recommended that lace-ups be replaced by "velcro" straps.

• Velcro Shoes - check for wear in the Velcro strapping and replace regularly. (Initial instruction of rowers and scullers should be given in boats without fitted shoes. Clogs or stretcher boards are recommended for beginners). • Maintenance - to maintain equipment in a sound and usable condition requires those organising rowing to establish procedures whereby

damage to equipment is notified to responsible officials without delay and the damage repaired before the equipment is used again. Damaged equipment should be marked or "quarantined" to ensure that it is not used by others unaware of the damage.

2.1.1.2 Education - All participants in rowing and sculling should receive proper instruction in watermanship and in rowing and sculling technique including capsize and accident drills from the qualified supervision of coaches or of experienced members so that no person puts him/herself or others at risk when on the water. Junior members and novices should be given particular attention. The coaching of coxswains in watermanship and water safety procedures as set out in the IARU basic coaching award is essential. Every encouragement should be given to rowers, scullers and coaches to become fully conversant with life saving and resuscitation techniques through practice and by attendance at duly recognised training courses such as those offered by the Voluntary Aid Organisations and the Royal Life Saving Society. It is strongly recommended that Safety Advisers receive formal training. Life saving and resuscitation skill training forms part of the IARU basic coaching courses in which all participants in the sport should participate. 2.1.1.3 Adverse weather conditions - Rowing and sculling are by their nature outdoor activities and as such are subject to the vagaries of weather in all its forms. It is important to recognise that contending with difficult weather conditions is part of the sports attraction and it is not the intention of these guidance notes to change this. However. safe enjoyment is the aim, not foolhardiness.

• It is recommended that the Safety Adviser or senior member present appointed for the club shall have and exercise the authority to advise the suspension of boating activity should s/he believe the conditions unsafe for whatever reason.

• The direction of relevant authorities with regard to the inherent dangers in the weather conditions prevailing are to be observed at all times. • Where rough water conditions are likely to be encountered during outings, a bailer or sponge should be carried within the boat.

• After all outings, "bungs" or buoyancy compartment traps should be removed to allow ventilation. Such items must be kept with the boat.

2.1.1.4 Night Rowing - Rowing or sculling after nightfall is dangerous and should not be encouraged. When it is necessary. crews and scullers should be accompanied by a coach, on the bank, or in an accompanying launch. Craft must be properly illuminated as required by the relevant river authority, or the Department of the Marine. 2.1.1.5 Unescorted Outings - Every effort should be made by those organising rowing and sculling to maintain a log of those boating from their premises unescorted or "out of hours". Such a record gives an indication of craft on the water, intended length and direction of outing, which may be of assistance in the event of mishap. 2.1.1.6 Community - Rowing and sculling activities should be carried out, at all times, with an awareness, by the participants, of the rights of others who share the water. Every effort should be made by regular meetings, to co-ordinate activities and so minimise clashes of interests and the possibilities of accidents. 2.2 Safety for the Individual All active rowers and scullers shall:

• Satisfy their Medical Officer that they are in good health and be able to demonstrate that they can swim a minimum distance of 100 metres in light clothing and shoes. • Comply with the IARU Code of Practice for water safety. • Acquaint him/herself fully with and obey rules of navigation both local and statutory. • Maintain their rowing equipment in good order and check that it is in a safe condition before use. • Ensure that beginners to the sport are not allowed to use equipment without adequate and prior instruction and are not allowed to boat

unsupervised. • Be constantly aware of the rights of others to the free use of the water and extend to them at all times the courtesy they would similarly wish to

receive. It is recommended that active members should learn and practice capsize and accident drills. Every opportunity should be taken lo learn simple first aid, life saving and resuscitation techniques.

Single scullers (apart from beginners on the water under supervision) are responsible for their own safety and actions and must observe the requirements of the IARU Code of Practice for water safety. 2.3 The Responsibilities of the Steersman or woman and the Coxswain All persons steering a boat are responsible for the crew in their charge. Coxswains should comply with the following:

• Every coxswain shall be able to swim and to demonstrate that ability when called upon by the Safety Officer • All coxswains shall wear a life jacket (conforming to BS3595 standard) or buoyancy aid of approved design, when the water both in training and in

competition. Where coxswains are located in the bows of boats, care must be taken in the choice of life jacket to ensure that the coxswain is not restricted when exiting from the boat.

• All coxswains shall be able to satisfy their Safety Adviser that they are in good health with adequate vision and sound hearing. No-one who is subject to epileptic fits or blackouts shall steer a boat. In cases of doubt, medical advice should be obtained.

• Dress suitable for the prevailing conditions must be worn. Particular care should be taken to ensure warmth around the head, neck and lower back, wrists and ankles and the clothing should be water and windproof. Water resistant outer gloves are recommended but bulky and heavy clothing and "Wellington" type boots are to be avoided.

• Be aware of the dangers and symptoms of hypothermia. (See advisory notes on Hypothermia).

• Voice projection and radio communication equipment, when carried in the boat must be securely fixed to the boat, not the coxswain. Similarly, in competition, deadweights when required must not be attached to the coxswain.

Steering a boat, in training or in a race is a highly responsible role, very often entrusted to young and inexperienced coxswains or rowers with little or no experience of steering. The steersman is responsible for the actions of the boat being steered. Commands have to be given and discipline exerted. The following represents the knowledge that the steersman/woman must develop. Steersmen or women must:

• Learn and use simple commands for boat control both on and off the water. Use them correctly, clearly and instinctively. Understand the basic commands and signals of other river users.

• Understand and carry out all safety procedures and regulations applicable to the water they use, especially those relating to right of way, power boats, sailing craft, etc. • Understand and observe local navigation rules of the river or water. • On unfamiliar water, become acquainted with local regulations and practices and of the existence, nature and location of particular hazards before

going afloat. • Be conversant with safely and rescue procedures in the case of an accident. • Recognise and respect the rights and needs of other water users, especially anglers. • Watch out for swimmers at all times. • Watch out for unexpected floating objects. • Know and have practised capsize and man overboard drills

2.4 The Responsibilities of the Coach A coach shall ensure that every member of the crews being coached follows the appropriate safety procedures at all times, and the coach shall observe them to ensure the crews' safety. In particular, coaches should:

• Be aware of the local Code of Practice. • Ensure that crews are using safe rowing equipment. • Be aware of weather and water conditions and arrange the outing to avoid any danger. • Watch out for any hazards the crews may meet. It is often easier for the coach, who is higher above the water than the members of the crew, to

see swimmers or similar hazards ahead. Draw the attention of the coxswain or steersman to such hazards and not merely attempt to influence any steering decision that has to be made.

• Showing consideration for other water users is very much the responsibility of the coach, both in regard to the coaching launch and to the boats being coached.

• Coaches of young children shall ensure that the whole crew, and not just the coxswain, are dressed suitably. Youngsters are unlikely to be able to generate a high level of body warmth during their first outings and need more protection.

• When crews are rowing away from their home water, the coach shall ascertain the local code of practice and, at regattas, any special traffic rules to be observed, and ensure crews fully understand them. • Coaches should pay particular attention to the coaching of coxswains. Not only is a competent coxswain important to the crew's success;

competence is essential for their safety on the water. • Every coach should know capsize and accident drills and be prepared to assist or rescue any member who is in difficulties is injured, or appears to

be suffering from hypothermia or exhaustion. Every time the coach goes out in a coaching launch, check that it is fully equipped with safety equipment and know how to use it.

• When coaching from a launch, the coach and driver must wear life jackets or buoyancy aids of approved design. • Every coach shall learn life-saving and resuscitation procedures as set out in the IARU basic coaching award.

Coaches of beginners and especially of crews of young children have an extra responsibility. Those who are new to the sport are likely to concentrate on their own rowing to the exclusion of all else, and are thus less likely to be aware of approaching danger. Coaches of school crews, when dealing with several crews of young novices on the water together must be especially concerned with their safety. It is very easy for the first crew that gets boated to get into difficulties whilst the coach is supervising further crews getting onto the water. Beginners, whether in crews or sculling boats, should never be allowed on the water unsupervised. 2.5 Coaching Launches Coaching from a launch or inflatable craft has now become commonplace. The presence of a coaching launch gives far better safety protection to a crew than a coach on a bicycle, on the bank. but raises the need to ensure competent driving, the safety of those on board the coaching craft, and awareness of the effect upon other water users of the coaching craft's activities. i) Training Drivers - To take out an engine-powered boat without previous tuition is to put the driver, any passengers and other water users at risk. The Royal Yachting Association holds courses in handling powered boats and issues certificates of competence. It is strongly recommended that no-one should drive a launch without first having taken a course of instruction. At the very least the club shall ensure that an experienced driver goes out with a new driver until he has shown that he is fully in control of the launch. N.B. The manner in which launches are manoeuvred and generally handled may create unnecessary problems for other water users. Excessive washes create impossible conditions for other water users and can cause accidents to smaller boats. Thoughtless driving often causes damage to moored boats and to river banks. To use launches for coaching, rescue and other purposes all on the same water, requires drivers to be fully aware of the effect of the wash they cause and the risk that the very sport they are seeking to assist cannot take place because their manner of driving their boat has made the water unusable. ii) All coaching launches and safety boats shall carry the following safety aids:

a) A bailer and, for inflatable rubber dinghies. a suitable pump and a spare valve b) A klaxon horn or similar warning device, capable of attracting attention over a distance of at least 200 metres. c) A grab line at least 15 metres (50 feet) long with a large knot tied in one end to assist throwing. Ideally a purpose made rescue/heaving line throw-bag. d) Thermal/exposure blankets to reduce windchill and counteract hypothermia. Make use of proprietary items but not woollen blankets which only absorb moisture and do not then retain heat. In the absence of recognised equipment, polythene sheet cut to the size of a commercially available exposure bag will provide the necessary level of heat retention until proper treatment can begin. e) Life buoys/Life jackets. These are essential when several people are in the water and the launch can attend to only one at a time. f) A basic first aid kit (list contents and check regularly as before). g) A sharp knife with carrying sheath. h) A paddle. i) Simple handholds fixed to the side of a launch to give help to any person being rescued, and provide self-help should the driver fall overboard. j) Engine, cut-out lanyard device. k) An anchor and line.

iii) When it is necessary for outings to take place in the dark or in poor visibility the launch must carry a waterproof torch and sound signalling system as a means of signalling. The boat must be fitted with lights as laid down in current legislation. iv) Buoyancy aids or life jackets shall be worn at all times and are essential for launches going out to sea or on very wide stretches of water. Life jackets which depend on oral inflation should be worn partly inflated; those which have auto inflation must be checked at intervals suggested by the manufacturers. v) Maintenance of the boat and its engine is vital, since the possible consequences of failure are too great. The driver and his passengers are dependent upon the efficient working of the engine and the good condition of the launch for the proper execution of their duties. Drivers and coaches should know how the engine works, and a box with basic tools and spare parts (in particular spark plugs and a spark- plug spanner) should always be carried to enable running repairs to be done and simple replacements to be made. The tool/spare parts box should be kept dry and checked regularly (an extra can of pre-mixed fuel is also a vital spare). It is a wise precaution to check that the engine is securely fixed to the hull and that the secondary safety fixing is properly attached every time the boat is used. vi) Choice of a launch, its hull size and its shape, must be matched to an engine suitable for the work it is to undertake and the load to be carried. In particular, launches to be used for coaching on rivers or enclosed waters must be of a design which will enable a launch to accompany a crew rowing at speed without causing a wash that makes the water unusable for everyone else. 3. REGATTA SAFETY PROCEDURES 3.1 No regatta, processional race, or sponsored row shall take place without prior consultation by the organisers with the appropriate navigation or harbour authority, local police, life saving, lifeguard, ambulance authorities and first aid organisation and such other appropriate bodies to ensure that the event can take place under conditions which are safe for competitors and the general public alike. 3.2 A suitable person shall be appointed as Safety Adviser to advise on the observance of the IARU Code of Practice for Water Safety and its implementation by regattas, processional races and other events organised under the auspices of the IARU. 3.3 All regattas shall appoint a suitably qualified and equipped Medical Officer to be responsible for ensuring that proper medical support is available and accessible throughout the period of the event, so organised that rapid assistance can be provided wherever the need arises. 3.4 It is recommended that safety boats suitable for the task of rescue manned by trained personnel and properly equipped are present throughout the period of the event and during official periods of training. They must be sufficient in number, fully mobile and placed so that in case of accident or distress, assistance can be provided without delay. 3.5 Instructions to officials and to competitors should inform of traffic rules, and identify local hazards. A plan of the course illustrating important features should be provided and the telephone numbers of police, ambulance, medical and fire services shall be prominently displayed together with the location of the nearest telephone. 3.6 The racing course should be marked with clearly visible buoys, as required by the appropriate navigation or harbour authority and the navigation

channel for other passing river users must be similarly marked. Notices should be displayed prominently to warn other water users of the event and the actions expected of them. 3.7 Where races are umpired from launches, the instructions to Umpires shall clearly state that in the event of accident the Umpire's first duty is to the safety of the competitor or any person in difficulty. 3.8 Umpires' launches shall carry a life ring and line (throw-bag), thermal/exposure blanket and first aid equipment and other items as listed in paragraph 23 of the code. 3.9 Instructions to officials shall set out procedures to be followed in the event of accidents. These should be brought to the notice of competitors so far as is practicable. 4.HYPOTHERMIA 4.1 Avoidance must be the first consideration at all times. Hypothermia occurs when the whole of the body has been chilled to a much lower than normal temperature, i.e. below 35°C compared with the normal body temperature of 37°C. 4.2 Dress to beat the cold - Layers of clothing are more effective than one warm garment. The outer layer should be wind and waterproof. 4.3 Do not take or give alcohol in cold conditions. Alcohol accelerates heat loss as well as impairing judgement. 4.4 Be alert to the warning signs of cold both in yourself and others. Coaches of young children must be particularly aware of the risks to their charges of exposure to cold. Exposed arms, legs and head heighten the risk. 4.5 If a person has fallen into cold water their body will lose heat rapidly. To reduce heat loss keep clothes on except heavy coats or boots which may drag the person down. 4.6 Sudden immersion in cold water can have a shock effect that can disrupt normal breathing, reducing even a proficient swimmer to incompetence. Confusion and an inability to respond to simple instructions will become evident. 4.7 When hypothermia is suspected your aims must be to prevent the casualty losing more body heat and to re-warm the casualty. 4.8 Send for help. Hypothermia is a medical emergency whether the patient is conscious or unconscious. 4.8.1 If conscious the victim should be actively re-warmed under careful observation. 4.8.2 If unconscious the victim must be got to medical aid as soon as possible. Follow instructions given under section 5 - Resuscitation. 4.9 Symptoms and signs of hypothermia

The following are the most usual symptoms and signs, but all may not be present: a) Unexpected and unreasonable behaviour possibly accompanied by complaints of coldness and tiredness.

b) Physical and mental lethargy with failure to understand a question or orders. c) Slurring of speech. d) Violent outburst of unexpected energy and violent

language, becoming uncooperative. e) Failure of, or abnormality in, vision. f) Twitching. g) Lack of control of limbs, unsteadiness and complaining of numbness and cramp. h) General shock with pallor and blueness of lips and nails. i) Slow weak pulse, wheezing and coughing.

4.10 A very dangerous situation is still present when a person who has been in the water for some time is taken out. Further heat loss must be prevented. The victim should be protected against wind and rain if possible. Re-warming can be carried out by –

i) Wrapping the victim in a thermal/exposure blanket. ii) Others placing their warm bodies against the victim. iii) Giving hot drinks (if conscious).

4.11 PREVENTION IS ALWAYS THE BEST POLICY. 5. RESUSCITATION 5.1 To be effective, resuscitation must be started immediately, even whilst the patient is in the water, otherwise irreversible damage or death will occur within a few minutes. Many thousands of lives have been saved by ordinary citizens who have known what to do and have had the courage to do it at the critical time. 5.2 The saving of life during a medical emergency depends on the accurate assessment and proper management of the ABC of resuscitation:

A - AIRWAY B -BREATHING C -CIRCULATION

On finding a person requiring resuscitation: 5.3 APPROACH 5.3.1. Establish there is no danger to yourself or the patient. If you see someone in difficulties in the water DO NOT go into the water after him. Remember there may be neck or back injuries requiring extra care when moving the patients.

5.3.2. a) Look for something to help pull him out - stick, rope or clothing.

b) Lie down to prevent being pulled in. c) If you cannot reach him, throw any floating object - football, plastic bottle - for him to hold on to, then fetch help. d) If you are in a safety launch carefully approach him if it is safe to do so.

REACH · TOW · THROW · ROW HAVING RESCUED THE VICTIM - SHOUT IMMEDIATELY FOR HELP 5.3.3. Assess the patient

• Responsiveness - Establish responsiveness by shouting "ARE YOU ALRIGHT" loudly and gently shaking the shoulder. • Breathing

- Inspect the airway - remove blood, vomit, loose teeth or broken dentures but leave well fitting dentures in place. - Open the airway - the rescuer should place two fingers beneath the point of the patient's chin, lift the jaw and at the same time place the palm of the other hand on the patient's forehead. Tilt the head well back by pressing on the forehead and the airway will open. - Check for breathing by placing your ear close to the patient's mouth, looking down along the line of the chest.

• Listen for the sound of breathing. • Feel for air movement indicating breathing. • Look for rising and falling of the chest. • Circulation Check for the presence of a pulse by feeling for the carotid artery in the neck. The artery lies along each side of the voice box (larynx).

5.3.4. If the patient is unresponsive, not breathing with no pulse - leave the patient immediately and go and telephone for help (dial 999 or 112). Return to the patient and commence resuscitation. If the patient is unresponsive, not breathing but with a pulse - perform ten mouth to mouth (expired air resuscitation) breaths, then leave the patient and go and telephone for help (dial 999 or 112). Return to the patient, check for breathing and pulse and continue resuscitation. If the patient is unresponsive but is breathing and has a pulse turn on his side into the recovery position. The Recovery Position Kneel to one side of the patient. Take the nearest arm and place it at 90° to his body, elbow bent and palm uppermost. Take the farthest arm and place it with the palm outwards held against the casualty's cheek. Bend the far knee upwards to 90°, keeping the foot flat on the ground. Supporting the hand on the face, pull gently but firmly on the bent up thigh to roll the patient towards you. Rearrange the far side, now upper leg to 90° and ensure the airway is still open by tilting the head and lifting the chin.

Resuscitation Procedure This is the provision of an artificial ventilation by mouth to mouth breathing, and an artificial circulation by external chest compressions. Mouth to Mouth Breathing (Expired Air Resuscitation)

• Lie the patient on his back. • Kneel beside the head of the patient and open the airway by lifting the head and lifting the jaw. Open the patient's mouth and pinch the nostrils

closed. Open your mouth, take a deep breath, seal your mouth firmly over the patient's mouth and breath out steadily into the patient. Watch the patient's chest rise as if he is taking a deep breath l2 seconds. Remove your mouth from the patient's mouth and allow the chest to fall (4 seconds). Give two breaths.

• If mouth-to-mouth breathing is difficult, check and reposition the airway. Vomiting may occur if breathing returns, place the patient in the recovery position to prevent him from choking.

External Chest Compression Place the patient flat on his back and kneel alongside the chest. Place the heel of one hand on the lower third of the breastbone. Place the heel of your other hand on top of the first hand. With your arms held straight and the hands on the chest all of the time, press down on the breastbone to depress it 4-5cm, then release. Compress the chest smoothly, 15 times at a rate of approximately 80 compressions per minute. After 15 compressions give 2 ventilations. Continue the compressions and the ventilations, until help arrives. Do not stop to reassess the patient's pulse or breathing until help arrives. Training Remember that effective resuscitation training is essential; the foregoing text is only a guide/aide memoire to the practice of resuscitation, which you are strongly recommended to learn. Contact your local St John or Red Cross for practical instruction in First Aid and resuscitation. 6. TRANSPORTATION The role of the club Safely Adviser will be to ensure that all members who transport boats either on cars (sculling boat) or tow the club trailer are conversant with the requirements for safe and legal movement of boats by road. To this end they should conduct a safety audit at regular intervals. As a guide the items listed in paragraphs 6.1 and 6.2 should be included in the audit. 6.1 GENERAL 6.1.1 Liaise with the Secretary/Treasurer to check that there is adequate insurance cover in force. If the club owns a tow vehicle it may be useful to have a photocopy of the current insurance certificate in a protective envelope in the vehicle. 6.1.2 Ensure that the club has available a copy of the IARU publication 'THE TOWING OF BOAT TRAILERS' as a reference document. 6.1.3 Ensure that the club has arranged for all drivers to have a copy of the 'IARU TRAILER DRIVERS HANDBOOK'. 6.1.4 Check that a photocopy of the diagram on Load Projection is displayed in the boathouse.

6.1.5 Check that the trailer has been lubricated and serviced regularly and that the tyres are in good condition including the spare. 6.1.6 Ensure there are adequate ties and rear projection markers available. 6.2 NORMAL OPERATION 6.2.1 Check that drivers are aware of the maximum load to be carried on the trailer. 6.2.2 Check that in the event of a rear projection in excess of 1.00m there is an extra rear light available for use during the hours of darkness. 6.2.3 Check availability of nose weight measuring facility.