co2 surface monitoring
TRANSCRIPT
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CO2 Surface Monitoring
Eric Price
LI-COR Biosciences
June 12, 2015
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Who We Are
LI-COR Biosciences
Scientific instrumentation manufacturer
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What We Do
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CO2 Surface Monitoring
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Leaks from CO2 storage?
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Why Surface Monitoring?
Demonstrate that carbon storage is a viable permanent sequestration option
Track migration over time for validation and calibration of model predictions and monitoring tools
Assure the public that human health and the environment are high priorities Establish pre-injection baseline conditions
Refine early warning tools of storage leaks and diagnosis of possible leak causes
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Surface Monitoring Methods
Atmospheric
Surface Flux
CO2 Mapping
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Atmospheric Measurements
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Air flow can be imagined as a horizontal flow of numerous rotating eddies of various sizes
Each eddy has 3D components
Each eddy is carrying a certain amount of molecules of C02 and other gases
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Eddy Covariance Method
Micrometeorological technique to measure
vertical turbulent flux of CO2 and other gases
Nearly direct measurement, proven method
Requires a number of mathematical
corrections and careful system design, but
provides year-round continuous data with
little maintenance and automated data
processing
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Instrumentation
CO2/H2O Analyzers
LI-7200
Enclosed
Sonic Anemometer
LI-7500A
Open-Path
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Instrumentation
Gas analyzer(s) and sonic
anemometer mounted on
tower or tripod
Measurement footprint is
100x height of analyzers
Ancillary measurements
add explanatory power and
can improve calculations
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Eddy Covariance Method
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Surface Flux
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Accumulation Chamber Method
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Accumulation Chamber Method
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Instrumentation
LI-8100A Automated Soil CO2 Flux System
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Spatial Sampling
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Temporal Sampling
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Spatial and Temporal Sampling
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Requirements for a Good Measurement
CO2soil not disturbed
Pbench ~ Pambient
CO2chamber = CO2
air
Pchamber = Pambient
Good mixing
No disturbance to soil moisture,
temperature, or radiation
FCO2 (CO2soil - CO2
chamber) + mass flow
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Illustration credit: Richard Esposito, Southern Company
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CO2 Surface Mapping
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Instrumentation
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Surface Sampling Methods
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400
450
500 ppm
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Surface Monitoring Methods
Atmospheric Flux
Large scale (km)
Continuous monitoring
Surface Flux
Small scale (m)
Continuous monitoring
CO2 Mapping
Medium scale (m)
Non-continuous
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Conclusions
Surface CO2 measurements can be an
important part of an MVA protocol
A baseline understanding of the ecosystem
CO2 flux is essential for any type of leak
detection
A combination of diurnal and spatial
measurements can answer the background
questions quickly and effectively
Public perception is key
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Resources at www.licor.com/env
Carbon Sequestration http://www.licor.com/env/applications/carbon_sequestration.html
Surface Monitoring for Carbon Sequestration http://www.licor.com/env/pdf/soil_flux/ccs2013.pdf
Carbon Sequestration Pilot Studies http://www.licor.com/env/pdf/soil_flux/secarb.pdf
Mapping CO2 Concentrations and Fluxes http://www.licor.com/env/pdf/soil_flux/MappingCO2_with_LI8100A.pdf
Measuring High Flux Rates with the LI-8100A http://www.licor.com/env/pdf/soil_flux/High_CO2_Note.pdf
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Resources at www.licor.com/env
Eddy Covariance book
Webinars
LI-8100A Soil CO2 Flux
System manual
LI-COR Science and
Support Team