where the sea meets the land….

Coastal landforms are produced by deposition or erosion

due to the the action of Waves and Tides

Ranging from gently sloping beaches to high cliffs, different sizes and shapes are found here…

Bay

Cape

A large piece of land surrounded on three sides by water.

A part of the sea partly enclosed by a curve in the land.

PeninsulaA piece of land almost completely surrounded by water but joined to a

large area of land.

Beach

A geological landform along the shoreline of a body of water.

Thunderstorms Severe thunderstorms occur generally during the afternoon and evening hours.

Precipitation Precipitation is high, particularly along the coast, and seasonal.

TemperatureHot and humid.

Average annual high temperature is about 77 degrees.

Sandy soil is ideal for certain crops such as watermelons, peaches, coconuts etc

Saline soil contains high level of salts which is ideal for growing date palm, sugar beet, cotton etc.

Mangrove soil: Bacterium from mangrove soil helps in the fermentation of mangrove trees.

Peat soil- Soil that is derived completely from the decomposing remains of plants. They are used for horticulture and for growing crops.

Coral reefs

Rocky structures are produced by living organisms found in marine waters with little or no nutrients.

Coral reefs are warm, clear, shallow ocean habitats that are rich in plant and animal life.

Mangrove forests

The forests transfer organic matter and energy from the land to the sea, forming the base for many marine food webs.

They play a vital role in trapping sediments,thereby stabilizing coastlines and protecting coral reefs and sea grass.

WILDLIFEWILDLIFECoastal environment supports a large number of

migratory and breeding birds.

The coasts of Northern Europe are home for the Puffin.

Chough are found around coasts in West Wales.

Eider Duck are found in the Northern coasts of Europe, North America in large numbers.

Animals on the CoastsAnimals on the Coasts

The Pacific Razor Clam is a shellfish which ranges from California to Alaska.

Pacific Razor Clam

Sea turtles are large, air-breathing reptiles that inhabit tropical and subtropical seas such as the coasts of Orissa.

Turtles

Humpback Whales can be seen off Washington's coast, in Mexico and Hawaii.

Humpback Whales

Grass Trees Oyster Plant Big Cone Plant

Exposed places on the coast are the flourishing grounds for beautiful and sea-tolerant plants…

60 per cent of the world’s population lives within 60 km of a coast.

Some grew up around fishing communities.

Most coastal settlements have developed around docks, ports and harbours.

Some grew up around tourist hotspots.

Salt PansSalt PansShallow man-made ponds are designed to produce salt from sea water.

Notable salt ponds include the San Francisco Bay salt ponds in the United States, Little Rann of Kutch in India

and the Dead Sea salt ponds in Israel.

Inland Farming Inland Farming

Coastline with its many inlets, peninsulas and offshore islands provides plenty of habitat for coastal floras.

Palm Trees Black Berrys

Sea Oats

The tropical monsoon climate and fertile soils of the coastal plains favour spice farming.

In fact, Asia is known as the ‘Land of Spices’ .

Thirteen major spices are produced in Asia.

Spice FarmingSpice Farming

Black Pepper Clove Cardamom

Aquaculture Aquaculture Aquaculture is the farming of freshwater and saltwater organisms.

Aquaculture includes fish farming, shrimp farming, oyster farming.

FishingFishingFishing industry is an important economic activity that provides food

and jobs for millions of people.

Includes all the activities involved in the commercial and recreational production of fish and shellfish.

Coastal Tourism Coastal Tourism The world’s largest industry and the fastest growing economic sector.

Golden sands, swinging trees, breeze waving through our hairWhat life this if man can’t find time to stand and stare.

Shipping and Trade Shipping and Trade Creates commercial relationship between widely separated parts of the World.

The major commodities that are moved by coastal shipping are crude oil, coal, iron ore, steel, cement, medicines, etc.

People in the coastal areas consume fish, shellfish and a variety of plant foods such as coconut, date palm etc.

Many of the World’s major cities such as New York, Sydney, Shanghai, Mumbai etc. lie on the coast.

Many of the World’s major cities such as New York, Sydney, Shanghai, Mumbai etc. lie on the coast.

Coastal cities are the routes through which vital supplies of food, petroleum and raw materials for industry enter a country.

Coastal cities are the routes through which vital supplies of food, petroleum and raw materials for industry enter a country.

The life of a coastal resident is vulnerable to natural disasters such as storms, cyclone, hurricanes, land erosion, etc.

Sea Storm in Pacifica, California Katrina Hurricane, USA

Shore line erosion

The ultimate recipients of marine pollution due to industrial effluents, human activities etc.

People face extreme possible impacts of climate change e.g. floods, tsunamis etc.

Tsunami, 26 December Impact of Coastal Flood

Coasts are facing environmental challenges related to human-induced activities.

There are various sources of pollution such as garbage and industrial debris, oil spills from petroleum tankers etc.

Garbage and Industrial Debris

Coastal PollutionCoastal Pollution

Oil Spill, Korea’s West Coast

Climate ChangeClimate Change

Contributes in rise of sea level, which threatens coastal habitat.

Extinction of FishesExtinction of Fishes

Due to habitat degradation, over fishing and climate change.

A relaxing breeze sweepsAcross the calm flat surface

of the sea

reflected deep azure, the waves start to roll and tumble

in the sea

crash, crash, crash waves smash on high rocky cliffs

beside the sea

the sky darkenshuge, fluffy grey candyfloss gathers

above the sea

wind roars, thunder crackswater crashes down like waterfalls at the

sea schools of small fish panic, fear grips

they're being tossed aroundthrough the sea

and eternity passes, clouds partthe sun shines down, heavens rays

onto the sea

tranquility is restoredgulls sqawk happily

near the sea

Rhythmic pattern of tidesa vast expance of blue water,

Remember the sea.