Code-Switching and Code-Mixing of Maduranese, Javanese, and Indonesia language in Merjosari Traditional Market

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

BY:

MARIA ULFA

NIM 115110100111028

STUDY PROGRAM OF ENGLISH

DEPARTMENT OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE

FACULTY OF CULTURE STUDIES

UNIVERSITAS BRAWIJAYA

2013

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter consists of background of the study, problems of the

study, objective of the study, and definition of key terms.

1.1 Background of the Study

Language is a media communication to deliver a message to

interlocutor. As we know, Indonesia is a rich country which has much kind of

languages. Languages in Indonesia consist of Javanese, Maduranese,

Batakese, Sundanese, Balinese, Indonesia languages, and so on. Every single

person in Indonesia usually uses language more than one in conversation or in

some occasion. They prefer to switch and mix the language from one language

to other languages.

The combination of some languages in speaking, in sociolinguistic

study, is known as code-mixing or code-switching. Hudson (1996:299) asserts

that code-mixing occurs when the speaker mixes the different languages in the

same utterances, and code-switching happens when a single use different

varieties at different time. People choose or employ a particular code on a

particular occasion for communication, in order to interlocutors can

understand easily and the message can be delivered well.

In view of code-mixing and code-switching phenomena, researcher

tries to analyze code-switching and code-mixing that happen in Merjosari

traditional market. In this traditional market, people use several languages as

their commercial communication. They switch and mix three languages to

communicate to each others. They are Madurese, Javanese, and Indonesia

language. Hence, the writer takes the object in the traditional market in this

study entitled “Code-Switching and Code-Mixing of Maduranese,

Javanese, and Indonesia language in Merjosari Traditional Market”.

This research has contribution to find out reasons of employing several

languages among sellers and buyers in relation to commercial communication.

Then, it also gives explanation when code-switching and code-mixing are

used by people in Merjosari Traditional Market. Last, this study is to figure

out how important employ code-switching and code-mixing in developing

language.

1.2 Problems of the Study

According to the background of the study, the researcher formulates the

problems of the study as follow:

1. What are the types of code-switching and code-mixing used in Merjosari

Traditional Market by sellers and buyers?

2. What are factors or reasons that influence the use of code-switching and

code-mixing in Merjosari Traditional Market by sellers and buyers?

1.3 Objective of the Study

Based on the problems statement above, this study is intended to:

1. To find out types of code-switching and code-mixing used in Merjosari

Traditional Market by sellers and buyers.

2. To figure out factors or reasons that influence the use of code-switching

and code-mixing in Merjosari Traditional Market by sellers and buyers.

1.4 Definition of Key Term

This research is useful for the following parties:

1. Sociolinguistic : concerned with investigating the

relationships between language and

society with the goal being a better

understanding of the structure of language

and of how language function in

communication. (Wardhaugh, 2006:13).

2. Code : a variety of language like dialect,

language, style, standard language, pidgin,

and creole are inclined to arouse emotions

that used to refer to any kind of system

that two or more people (Wardhaugh,

2006:88).

3. Code-switching : a particular code whenever they choose to

speak, and they may also decide to switch

from one code to another or to mix codes

even within sometimes very short

utterances and thereby create a new code

in a process (Wardhaugh, 2006:101).

4. Code-mixing : strategy of communication used by

speaker of a certain language who transfer

element or rules from other language to

their own language (Hammer & Blanc,

1997:266)

5. Madurese language : a language of the Madurese people of

Madura Island and eastern Java, Indonesia;

it is also spoken on the neighbouring small

Kangean Islands and Sapudi Islands, as

well as from migrants to other parts of

Indonesia, namely the Tapal Kuda

("horseshoe") area of neighbouring Java

(comprising Pasuruan, Surabaya, Malang

to Banyuwangi), the Masalembu Islands,

and even some on Kalimantan. http://

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madurese_language

6. Javanese language : a language of the Javanese people from the

central and eastern parts of the island of

Java, in Indonesia. http://en.

wikipedia.org/wiki/Javanese _language

7. Indonesia language : the official language and lingua franca

of Indonesia.

8. Merjosari Traditional Market : a traditional market that located in

Merjosari.

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

In this chapter, the theories, which are relevant with the study, are

reviewed. It consists of theoretical framework and previous studies.

2.1 Theoretical Framework

This theoretical framework consists of the theories sociolinguistic, code,

code-switching, code-mixing, and factor that affect code-switching and code-

mixing.

2.1.1 Sociolinguistic

Sociolinguistic is concerned with investigating the relationships between

language and society with the goal being a better understanding of the structure of

language and of how language functions in communication. (Wardhaugh,

2006:13). Sociolinguistics is also called micro-sociolinguistic that has a meaning

the study of language in relation to society. According Coulmas (1997, p. 2) says

that micro-sociolinguistics investigates how social structure influences the way

social attributes such as class, sex and age. Thus, in sociolinguistics we study

about language and society in order to find out as much as we can about what kind

of thing language is.

2.1.2 Bilingualism and Multilingualism

Bilingualism is the state of having two languages (Yule, 2006:238). In

addition, bilingualism is a member of minority group grows up in one linguistic

community, primarily speaking one language, but learns another language, in

order to take part in the larger, dominant, linguistic community (Yule, 1996:231).

He understands that in many countries, regional variation is not simply a matter of

two dialects of a single language, but a matter of two quite distinct and different

languages.

In other hand, multilingualism is a person who has the ability to speak three

and more language. Multilingual is the one whom expert in using more than two

varieties of languages ( Meilisa, 2013:9). Bilingualism and multilingualism

2.1.3 Code

Code is a variety of language like dialect, language, style, standard

language, pidgin, and creole are inclined to arouse emotions that used to refer to

any kind of system that two or more people (Wardhaugh, 2006:88). So, code is

not only in certain language, but also in certain dialect, accent, style, and so on,

But in this research, writer wants to more focus on employing several languages

as code-switching and code-mixing theories.

2.1.4 Code-switching

Code-switching is a particular code whenever they choose to speak, and

they may also decide to switch from one code to another or to mix codes even

within sometimes very short utterances and thereby create a new code in a process

(Wardhaugh, 2006:101). In addition, he asserts

There are two kinds of code-switching. First, situational code-switching that occur when the language used changed according to the situations in which the conversant find themselves. Second, metaphorical code-switching occur when some topics may be discussed in either code, but the choice of code adds a distinct flavor to what is said about the topic

2.1.5 Code-mixing

Code-mixing is a strategy of communication used by speaker of a certain

language who transfers element or rules from other language to their own

language (Hammer & Blanc, 1997:266). Code mixing happens when in one

sentence or utterance changes from one code to another code. Thus, alteration of

languages in one sentence or utterance is called code-mixing.

2.2 Previous Studies

There is a previous studies by Megawati (2012) entitled “Code Witching

Used in Novel Janda-Janda Kosmopilitan By Andrei Aksana”. In this study she

analyzed code switching and analyzed it with the type of code by Wardaugh

(2004). She also examined the factor of code switching based on Holmes (1996).

Megawati found that Rossa and Nunung, the main character used two types of

methaporical code switching with 12 utterances (60%) and situational code

switching (SCS) with 8 utterances (40%).

The metaphorical code switching occurs more than the situational code

switching because the main character on this novel expresses many emotive

statements, for example; elucidate, panic, earnestness, jealously, and cheering

someone. In addition, main character Nunung also uses code switching when she

switches the topic. Code switching is also used when Rossa and Nunung show

their solidarity and show their status to others. Megawati found 3 languages as

codes, they are English, Indonesia language, and Javanese.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODS

There are four aspects that discussed in this chapter of research methods.

They are (1) Research Design, (2) Data Sources, (3) Data Collection, and (4) Data

Analysis.

3.1 Research Design

In conducting the study, the researcher uses a descriptive qualitative

approach. The researcher analyzed the data deductively and find out in what kinds

of code-switching and code-mixing that used in Merjosari Traditional Market by

sellers and buyers and what aims using several language, such as: Maduranese,

Javanese, and Indonesia language.

3.2 Data Sources

The data is taken from Merjosari Traditional Market that located in

Merjosari, Malang. Data of this study containing code-switching and code-

mixing. The writer took statements of sellers and buyers who used code-switching

and code-mixing. There are several language that used in Merjosari Traditional

Market, like Maduranese, Javanese, and Indonesia language. The writer focused

on code-switching and code-mixing of those languages which are used in

Merjosari traditional market.

3.3 Data Collection

The writer uses the steps in collecting the data, and they are presented as

follows:

1. Visiting and observing the employing of several language in Merjosari

traditional market.

2. Identifying all statements using code-switching and code-mixing with

interview and questioner.

3. Selecting code-switching and code-mixing from sellers and buyers.

4. Analyzing the code-switching and code-mixing that used.

3.4 Data Analysis

There are three steps to analyze the data:

1. Analyzing code switching and code switchig with the type of code by

Wardaugh (2004).

2. Examining the factor of code switching based on Holmes (1996).