cognitive model of addictive behaviour
DESCRIPTION
Cognitive model of addictive behaviour. Can I give up ?. 1. What is CBT ? Why does it work? Remember …. A= Activating event : The client records the event that led to the disordered thinking (e.g. exam failure) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Cognitive model of addictive behaviour
1
Can I give up ?
![Page 2: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
What is CBT ?Why does it work?
Remember ….A=Activating event: The client records the event that led to the disordered thinking (e.g. exam failure)B= Beliefs: the client records the negative thoughts associated with the event (e.g. “I’m useless and stupid”)C= Consequence: client records negative thoughts or behaviour that follows D – Disputes- Therapist strongly disputes these thoughts
![Page 4: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
CBT
![Page 5: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Utilizes ….. CBTCognitive Behavioural Therapy
![Page 6: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
![Page 7: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The ‘Relapse Prevention’ (RP) Model
(Marlatt and Gordon 1985) • Although the RP Model concentrates mainly on the
factors that will influence success or failure of an addict who trys to become abstinent, there is considerable overlap with processes that may be involved in the initial development of an addiction (initiation)
• For addicts, there will be a range of discrimiative stimuli (a term borrowed from operant conditioning that refers to stimuli that indicate the appropriateness or ‘rewardingness’ of specific behaviour).
• For example: one addict may have learned that heroine use is more rewarding when they are ‘down’ rather than we they are ‘happy, while another may have learned that heroin is particularly exciting when they are with other users but less so when they are on their own (Powell 2000)
DSs = “Drug Using Friends” (e.g. for heroin use)
![Page 9: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
• If after becoming drug free, an addict meets one of these Dss, they will be at high risk of relapse.
For example: if a female addict meets one of her drug using friends. However, the addicts ability to survive any threat to abstinence is influenced by various other factors including:
• The strength of his/her motivation not to use• Knowledge of alternative strategies for coping with the
situation• Self-efficacy• A shortfall in any of these factors will increase
vulnerability to relapse..
![Page 10: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
10
The ‘Relapse Prevention’ (RP) Model (Marlatt and Gordon 1985)
![Page 11: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Activity: Using textbook page 402-3 use this model to explain; why an addict may relapse in a high-risk situation.
•Lacks coping response•Decreases self-efficacy which prevents a positive outcome - reverts to previous expectations of how substance can help•Reminder of initial use of substance•Stops person from abstaining from use due to perceived effects of substance •Result - increased Probability of relapse
![Page 12: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
12
The role of Cognitive processes (destructive and productive) in the promotion or reduction of addictive behaviour
Activity: Use textbook page 402-404-take notes on the following
The abstinence violation effect (AVE)Drug use seen as incompatible with previous determination to remain abstinence
Cognitive dissonanceWhen two cognitive thoughts are psychologically inconsistent ‘I am a drug addict’ ‘I want to remain abstinent’. Festinger – creates a state of cognitive dissonance
Dissonance (personal/internal attribution)Negative drive state ‘psychological discomfort or tension’ motivating personto reduce it by achieving consonance (consistency or balance||)
Reduction of dissonance Attitude change a major way of reducing dissonanceInvolves changing one or more cognitions (things person knows about themselves, their behaviour and their surroundings
![Page 13: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
15
Evaluation of the ‘Relapse Prevention’ model
Theoretically rich•Ideas common with other theories, i.e. Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA)/Theory of
Planned Behaviour TPB) – both have considerable empirical support.
•RPM and TRA - share the common idea of motivation to comply with other’s expectations.
•Link with Cognitive Dissonance Theory ( a major theory of attitude change) as it applies to health matters e.g. Smoking and drug taking
Substantial evidence in support of the general principles•Cummings et al (1980) - alcoholics, smokers, gamblers, overeaters relapse when experienced negative emotional state – addictive behaviour effective in escaping stress
•Stressful situations risky to recent ‘quitters’• Miller et al (1996) – progress of alcoholics – strongest predictor of relapse - Lack of coping skills
• Research is flourishing - see journal Addiction (1996)
Implications for treatment•No single treatment applicable to every client•Awareness of different factors influencing attitudes and expectations•Therapists - free from assumptions•Broad theoretical framework - principles to develop individual treatment
![Page 16: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Timed exam question
• Explain how Classical Conditioning explains addictive behaviour (5 marks)
• Outline and evaluate two learning models as explanations of initiation and maintenance of smoking addiction in young people (10 marks)
• Explain two Cognitive processes (one destructive, one productive) involved in the promotion or reduction of addictive behaviour (4 + 5 marks)
![Page 18: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Other sample exam questions
Explain how Classical Conditioning explains addictive behaviour (5 marks)
Outline and evaluate two learning models as explanations of initiation and maintenance of smoking addiction in young people (10 marks)
Outline and Evaluate the Social Learning Theory of addictive behaviour
(10 marks)
Explain two Cognitive processes (one destructive, one productive) involved in the promotion or reduction of addictive behaviour (3 + 3 marks)
Outline and evaluate a Cognitive Model of Prevention as an explanation of addictive behaviour (10 marks)
![Page 19: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Possible Question
“Outline and evaluate the cognitive model of addiction, including explanations for initiation, maintenance and relapse.”
(8+16 marks)
![Page 20: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Exam question – Monday 4th March
a) Outline and evaluate two learning models as explanations of initiation and maintenance of smoking addiction in young people
(10 marks)
![Page 21: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
REVISION OF MODELS OF ADDICTION
![Page 22: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Now a ..
![Page 23: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
1. Instructions
Divide into four groups or sit at 4 tablesLook through notes/textbook, etc
MODELS OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIOUR
![Page 24: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
2. Then …Then make up 5 pub style questionsThey must be as difficult as possible-but
still be able to win. Write an answer sheet for all the
questions. When each team has 5 questions the pub
quiz beginsGroup 1-BiologicalGroup 2-BehaviouralGroup 3-CognitiveGroup 4 -All
![Page 25: Cognitive model of addictive behaviour](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022032612/568133ea550346895d9add1a/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
3. Instructions You will be given a sheet with 1 – 15 on it
(answer sheet)Team 1 ask teams 2, 3 and 4 their questions Team 2 then asks teams 1, 3 and 4 their
questions etcAt the end the tables swap answers for
marking and each team reads the answers out.You can take questions from teams about the
answers you have in front of you..Winning team is the team with the most
points