COGNITIVE STRATEGIESAND

METACOGNITIVES STRATEGIES

By:Brigith Guzman

COGNITIVES STRATEGIES

REPETITIONS: when imitiating others’ speech

RESOURSING: haveing recourse

to dictionaries and other materials

NOTE-TAKING:notes and main

ideas

TRASLATION: that is , using their

mother tongue as a basis for

understanding and producing the target language

DEDUCTION: Concious

application of L2 rules

CONTEXTUALISATION: when embedding a word or phrase in a

meaningful sequence

QUESTION FOR CLARIFICATION: when asking the teacher to

explain, etc.

INFERENCING: when matching an

unfamiliar word against available

information (a new word etc.)

TRANSFER: that is , using knowledge

acquired in the L1 to remember and

understand facts and sequence s in the L2

SELF-EVALUATION: i.e., appraising one´s performance in relation to one´s own standards

METACOGNITIVES STRATEGIESDIRECTED ATTENTION: when deciding in advance to concentrate

on general aspects of task

SELECTIVE ATTENTION: payin attention to specific aspects of task

SELF-MONITORING: i.e., cheking one´s performance as one speaks

SELF-REINFORCEMENT: regarding oneself for success

Plan/ Organize(planer)

BEFORE BEGINNING

A TASK

PLAN HOW TO ACCOMPLISH THE TASK (CHOOSE STRATEGIES)PREVIEW A TEXT

SET GOALS PLAN THE TASK OR CONTENT SEQUENCE

MONITOR / IDENTIFY PROBLEMSWhile working on a task:

Check your progress on

the task

Check your comprehension as you use the language. Do

you understand? If not, what is the problem

Check your production as you use the

language . Are you making

sense ? If not , what is the problem

EVALUATEAfter completing a task:

• Assess how well you have accomplished the learning task.

• Assess how well you have used learning strategies

• Decide how effective the strategies were

• Identify changes you will make in the next task

MANAGE YOUR OWN LEARNING

Determine how you learn best

Seek opportunities for

practice

Focus your attention on the

task

Arrange conditions that help you learn

(Pace yourself)

TASK-BASED STRATEGIES

Use what you know

USE BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGEThink about and use what you

already know to help you do the task

Make associations between new information and your prior

knowledge

Use new information to clarify or modify your prior knowledge

MAKE INFERENCES(Use Clues)

Read and listen between lines

Use contex and what you know to figure

out meaning

Go beyond the text to understand

it´s meaning

Make a hypothesis (science)

Anticipate information to come

Make logical guesses about what will happen in awritten

or oral text

Make an estimate (math)

MAKE PREDICTIONS

PERSONALIZE

Relate new concepts to your own life, to your experiences ,knowledge, beliefs and feeling

TRANSFER / USE COGNATE

Apply your linguistic knowledge of other languages (including your native language ) to the target language

Recognize cognates

SUBSTITUTE/ PARAPHRASE

HELLO Hola

use synonym or descriptive phrase for unknown words or expressions

USE YOUR SENSES

Use or create an actual or

mental image to understand and represent information

Use or draw a

picture or diagram

Use imagesSee it in your mind

USE SOUNDSSay or read aloud a word,

sentence, or paragraph to help your understanding

Sound out / vocalize

Use your “mental trape recorder” to remember sounds,

words, phrases, and/or conversations

USE YOUR KINESTHETIC SENSE

Act out a role, for example, in readers´theater, or imagine yourself in idifferent roles in

the target language

Use real objects to help you remember words, sentences,or

content information

CLASSIFY/SEQUENCE

Sequence events in history

Classify living things;identify natural

cycles

Categorize words or ideas

according to attributes

Identify order and sequences in math, science, and social

studies.

TAKE NOTESWrite down

important words and ideas while

listening or reading

List ideas or words to include

in speaking ar writing

USE GRAPHIC ORGANIZERUse or create visual representation(such as venn diagrams, time line webs, an charts) of importan relationship between concepts

SUMMARIZECreate a mental, oral, or written summary of information. Use selective attention focus

USE SELECTIVE ATTENTION

Focus on specific information, structures, key words, phrases,or ideas

COOPERATE

Work whitn other to complete tasks, build confidence, and give and receive feedback

TALK YOURSELF TROUGH IT (self-talk)

Use your inner resources. Reduce your anxiety by reminding yourself of your progress, the resource you have available and your goals