cohesion tying things together
DESCRIPTION
Cohesion Goal: to help the reader follow the logical progression of ideas To do this writers use cohesive ties (words or phrases that signal their line of thought, giving indications of the structure or organization of ideas)TRANSCRIPT
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CohesionCohesionTying Things Together
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CohesionCohesionGoal: to help the reader follow
the logical progression of ideasTo do this writers use cohesive
ties (words or phrases that signal their line of thought, giving indications of the structure or organization of ideas)
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Form of ParagraphsForm of ParagraphsThe typical paragraph follows a
certain patternUmbrella sentence, which is
often an assertion (a.k.a. topic sentence)
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Form of ParagraphsForm of ParagraphsSupporting detail--to substantiate
the assertion or provide relevant facts
Functional repetition of key wordsSignposts to indicate logical
relationships between sentences, ideas, and paragraphs◦but, in addition to, however, on the
other hand, first, second, third, etc.
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Deductive ParagraphDeductive ParagraphBegins with a topic sentenceBasic formula: (subject +
controlling idea)Moves into specific support
sentences
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Advantages of the Deductive Advantages of the Deductive StructureStructureHighlights the most important
informationAllows for speed readingAids reader comprehension and
retention
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Advantages of the Deductive Advantages of the Deductive StructureStructureProvides readers with an
overview so they can then place details in context
Forces writers to articulate their message clearly and succinctly
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How to Achieve CohesionHow to Achieve CohesionOpen with a topic sentence that
sets up key termsArrange sentences in a logical
and discernible order
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How to Achieve CohesionHow to Achieve CohesionRepeat key terms as subjects of
sentencesUse old/new principle (put
familiar information first in sentences)
Use traditional markers as signposts
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Old/New PrincipleOld/New PrincipleInformation that is already known
to readers is more psychologically accessible
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Old/New PrincipleOld/New PrincipleTherefore, arrange the order of
the information in a sentence so that you◦1) Begin with information that has
already been introduced, is more familiar, and is less complex
◦2) Move toward information that is newer, less familiar, and more complex
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Ways of Marking LogicWays of Marking LogicContinuous relationship:
◦Continuous markers tell readers that what follows is what they would expect
◦Continuous markers tell readers to go on
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Ways of Marking Logic Ways of Marking Logic Discontinuous relationship:
◦Discontinuous markers tell readers what what follows is NOT what they would expect. (Tells readers to expect a reversal)
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Goals for CohesionGoals for CohesionRewrite sections/paragraphs to
include:◦forecast or overviews◦given/new order
Rewrite paragraphs to include:◦topic sentences◦cohesive markers◦signal words