Cold War1945 - 1989

Yalta ConferenceFeb. 4-11, 1945

Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin

Europe’s Post war reorganization

Germany divided into 4 zones of occupation

Poland and Yugoslavia are to remain independent

Soviets commit to getting involved in defeating Japan

The Big Three

Occupation of Germany

PotsdamJuly 16th 1945

President Truman, Josef Stalin, Clement Atlee

China, U.S. and Great Britain commit to the total defeat of Japan

Soviet’s demand territorial concessions in the East

U.S. become suspicious of Soviet intentions in the future

Allies agree to prosecute Nazi war criminals in an international war tribunal

Potsdam Big Three

Nuremberg

1945 - 1949

Trial of major Nazi war criminals

Most notable was Hitler’s number 2 man Herman Goering

23 tried, 12 sentenced to death, 5 acquitted, and the remaining sentenced to prison sentences ranging from 15 years to life

The Dock

Marshall PlanSecretary of State George C. Marshall

U.S. commit 13 billion dollars in aid to rebuild Europe

2 conditions: must allow the U.S. to look at the books and must use money to buy U.S. goods

Soviet view this as a U.S. attempt at indirect imperialism and they counter this with the Molotov plan

Truman DoctrineMarch 12th, 1947 Truman pledges to support all free peoples who are fighting armed minorities (aka communists)

U.S. sends 400 million dollars to help Greek government to overthrow rebel communist forces

I wonder how the Soviets viewed this

This same doctrine will apply to Korea, Vietnam, Cuba, and central American countries

Berlin Airlift

Berlin was divided into 4 zones of occupation creating east and west Berlin

Stalin wanted the West out of the city because US bombers could reach Moscow

Blockades Berlin from the ground for 11 months

Allies flew 270 000 flights and over 2 million tons of supplies

NATONorth Atlantic Treaty Organization

April 4th, 1949 - West forms a military alliance Collective defense against foreign aggression Members: Belgium, Canada, Denmark, France, Iceland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, United Kingdom, United StatesWhat message does this send to the Soviets?

Warsaw Pact

May 14th, 1955

Soviet response to NATO

Members: Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, German Democratic Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Soviet Union

The Arms Race1949- Soviet Union explodes is first A-bomb

1952- US explodes H-bomb

1953- Soviets explode H- bomb

US B52 bomber could fly 6000 miles to deliver a nuclear payload

1957 Soviets launch Sputnik (satellite). It’s vehicle would be the worlds first ICBM(Inter-continental Ballistic Missile)

Arms Race continued1950’s US intelligence estimate 20 million Americans will be lost in a nuclear attack and 22 million will be injured

1960 US build Polaris submarine which is capable of launching 16 nuclear warheads from under the water

1961 - there are enough nuclear bombs to destroy the whole world

1967 - China explodes the H-bomb1981 USA=8000 ICBM’s

1981 USA = 8000 ICBM’s USSR= 7000 ICBM’s

US defense spending = 178 billion dollars

1986 = 40 000 nuclear warheads