cold war in korea aim: how was the cold war “fought?” open notebook quiz: in a paragraph...
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Cold War in KoreaAIM: How was the Cold War “fought?”
Open notebook quiz:In a paragraph response, evaluate the following statement-
“The Cold War was inevitable. Tensions had always existed between the two countries. Wartime cooperation was bound to disintegrate.”
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George F. Kennan’s “Long Telegram”
Why had relations deteriorated between the Soviet Union and the United States?
How does he outline US foreign policy?
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Cold War tensions finally erupted in a “hot” war in 1950.
Before the Korean War• After WWII, Japanese-occupied Korea
was divided into northern and southern parts
• 38th parallel: Soviet Union controlled north of this line and the US controlled south of this line
• North Korea: communist government “Democratic People’s Republic of Korea” under Kim Il Sung
• South Korea: democratic system “The Republic of Korea” under President Syngman Rhee
The Korean War
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2. The United States was not well prepared to fight in Korea; however, the decision to fight was made quickly.
• National Security Council recommends NSC-68
1. Calls for quadrupling of the US defense spending, massive military buildup
Start of the Korean WarNorth Korea invaded South Korea on June 25, 1950.
• Most leaders in the United States were surprised by this attack.
1. American troops stationed in South Korea since WW II had recently completed their withdrawal.
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Start of the Korean WarRole of the United States
• South Korea was where the United States had to take a stand against Communist aggression.
• Truman ordered (without Congressional approval) American naval and air forces to support Korean ground troops.
• Truman asked the United Nations to approve the use of force to stop the North Korean invasion.
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Start of the Korean WarRole of the United Nations
• The UN Security Council supported the use of force in Korea.
• Truman sent ground troops to Korea.• The troops sent to Korea were to be a United Nations
force (mostly US troops)• Instead of calling this a war, the whole effort was
referred to as a UN police action.
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• UN forces made an amphibious landing behind North Korean lines at the port city of Inchon.
• Forces under US General Macarthur- surprise attack worked beautifully and N. Koreans were pushed back past the 38th parallel
But…
Combat
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• 260,000 communist Chinese “volunteer” troops joined the North Koreans-UN began to retreat.
• UN forces retreated all the way back to Seoul. It was the longest fallback in U.S. military history.
• MacArthur is fired
• Korea remains divided at the 38th parallel
Combat
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Korean Armistice July 1953• US claims “victory!” HOW?!??!?!
• China and N. Korea agree to an armistice and exchange of prisoners
• US troops withdrawn
• Korea remains divided at the 38th parallel
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Make “Facebook” status updates detaling the progression of the Cold War from 1945 when the US dropped the atmoic bombs up until the Korean War in 1950.
Answer: Did war in Korea represent a triumph or failure of American foreign policy?