collaboration at the center the digital universe - bicsi · collaboration at the center ... twisted...

Collaboration at the Center of the Digital Universe:

AV System Design Solutions for Evolving AV Technologies

Karl RosenbergRegional Application Specialist

Extron Electronics

Agenda

• Collaborative Spaces Defined• Design Challenges• AV System Design Considerations• Digital System Considerations

• Cables• Signal Integrity• EDID• Content Protection

Note About Video Over Twisted Pair

• Uncompressed • Streaming

Collaborative Spaces

• Any space that emphasizes group learning and collaboration• Over networked computers• Across mobile devices• By viewing shared displays

Collaborative Space Characteristics

• Supports active learning between groups • Allows for easy transfer of information • Can effectively display multiple media types from any work station • Is flexible enough to accommodate different ways of working

TILE Classroom at University of Iowa

Collaborative Space Benefits

• Fully supports the active learning processes • Dramatically improves learner engagement• Allows instructor to teach from any location in the classroom• Supports multiple teaching and learning styles

Active Learnig Classroom at University of Washington

Collaborative Space Locations

Collaborative Spaces – K - 12

• In-classroom, hands-on collaboration• Artistic projects• Vocational teaching spaces

SMART Collaborative Classroom, Providence Spring Elementary, Charlotte, NC

Collaborative Spaces – Higher Ed

• Collaboration in smaller classrooms • Teaching hospitals• Learning labs

Collaborative Spaces – Corporate

• Boardrooms• Video conferencing with real-time

document sharing and editing• Training spaces

• Hands-on collaboration• Product demonstrations

• Simulation labs • Huddle rooms

Collaborative Spaces – Government

The sp.ace in Building 29 at Johnson Space Center. Image Credit: NASA JSC/Christopher Gerty

Technology Design Challenges

• Diverse learning technologies• Skype, SMS, podcasts• Courseware management systems

• Remote interaction systems • Videoconferencing, Web-cameras,

application-sharing suites

Virtual Technology

HP Visual Collaboration Room 220

Installed Devices

IncITe Classroom, University of Notre Dame

Mobile Learning Devices

Environmental Design Challenges

Furniture

DeBartolo B011 Classroom, University of Notre Dame

Windows/Walls

Active Learning Classroom, University of California, Berkeley

Speakers/Dedicated Video Capabilities

Active Learning Classroom, University of Minnesota

Closed Equipment Niche

AV Design Considerations

Key Considerations

• Speed/ease of setup• Configurable control• Space appropriate

AV furniture/devices• Unified network access

• Even sound distribution• Video quality

• Signal integrity • Cables

• System flexibility

• Needs of the people using/supporting the system

Wall Mount Touchpanels

• Convenience – book rooms directly from a touchpanel, computer, or mobile device

Speed/Ease Of Setup

LED indicators of room availability from down the hall

Configurable Control

• How to control AV?• Convenience – room location• Simplicity

Wall mounted controller

Touchpanels can be desk mounted,

lectern mounted, or sit on a tabletop

Collaboration systems are a turn-key alternative

Cable connections for control integrated into table

Intuitive Touchpanel Interface

Touchpanel Pod Source Selection

AV Furniture

• Select space appropriate AV furniture, sources, and displays

Presence Podium, SMARTdesks

Speakers situated within limited wall space beside display

Learning Pod Sources and Displays

• Room provided sources• PCs• Laptops

• Connectivity for BYOD• Laptop• iPad or tablet• Smartphone

• Whiteboard for team collaboration

• Wireless devices • Displays – one or two

Unified Network Access

• Remote control and troubleshooting• AV system data collection for reporting• System-wide monitoring and scheduling on a single platform

TCP/IPNetwork

Sound Distribution

• Room size and acoustics• Interactivity between sites• Voice reinforcement – table or ceiling microphones?

Active Learning Classroom, University of Minnesota

Sound Distribution

• Use of sound reinforcement• Speakers

• Voice and program audio reinforcement• Wall mounted speaker• Stereo sound• Directional sound – loud in front of classroom,

uneven sound distribution

• Ceiling mounted speakers• Better sound distribution• Number of speakers suggested

Video Distribution

• Ability to share different devices

Moderator mode:Controls content being displayed

Wireless Collaboration Gateway

Digital System Design Considerations

Design Considerations

• Stand-alone or system?• System requirements• I.D. current and future

technology needs• Room size• Number of tables• Inputs per table• Displays per table • Number of main displays

Video Considerations

• System Sources, Processors, and DisplaysPlayback Source Processor Display

Blu-ray

Satellite Receiver

Tablets & Smartphones

Laptop

Computer

Document Camera

Annotator

Streaming Encoder

Switcher

Video Conference

Projector

Display

Monitor

Video Source Considerations

Analog Source Connections

VGA:• Desktop• Laptop• Document

Camera• Video

Conference

RCA –for composite audio & video:

• VCR/DVD Combo Player

Digital Source Connections

HDMI:• Laptop• Blu-ray• DVD• FlipCam• Cable Box

DisplayPort (and miniDP):

• Laptop• Desktop

DVI-D:• PC Desktop• Cable Box

Thunderbolt:• Desktop• Laptop

Digital Video Considerations

• Signal Integrity• Cable selection• Distance and image quality

• EDID – Extended Display Identification Data • Resolution• Color Space• Audio

• Content Encryption• HDCP – High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection

Signal Integrity – Testing

• Eye pattern • Measures overall

signal quality• Formed by repeated sampling of

a digital signal• Used to determine the likelihood

of bit errors

• Eye Mask• Identifies when bit errors occur• The signal touching the mask is

an indication of a bit error

Bit Errors Bit Errors

Signal Integrity – Cable Selection

• Distance and quality – how far is too far?• Cable quality – are all cables the same?• Connections – how many connection points?

Performance

Length Adapters

Cable Selection – Distance

• HDMI for shorter runs • CATx for longer runs

Typically under 50 feet Across the enterprise

Cable Selection – Image Quality

• Contributors to digital signal degradation• Cable attenuation - length/quality• Cable capacitance - length/quality• Impedance mismatch - connectors• Noise coupling - cabling/products• Crosstalk and jitter -cabling/environment

• Digital signal recovery is based on receiver’s ability to distinguish high and low transitions• Eye closes due to resistance and capacitance• Transitions widen due to reflections, noise, and

crosstalk• Result: bit errors

Digital System

Image Quality

• Image quality does not degrade like analog

No image

=

=

=

PixelizationVertical lines Colored dots

Too many bit errors

Bit errors

Good signal

Cliff Effect

Cable Considerations

• Cables can vary widely in performance• Adapters are useful but may affect signal quality

Damage caused by faulty HDMI connector

Anatomy of a High Quality HDMI Pro Cable

CTS HDMI Solution

• Workgroup using laptops and a tablet

HDMI Switcher

AC Power Controller

Twisted Pair Cable Advantages

• Twisted pair extenders can support a variety of signals for longer cable runs• Digital video

• Supports data rates up to 6.75 Gbps, Deep Color to 12-bit, 3D and HD lossless audio formats

• Digital audio• Bi-directional RS-232

control and IR• Ethernet• Remote power

Twisted Pair Transmission

• Cable Characteristics• Supports CATx cable• Solid conductor, shielded twisted pair cable with shielded connectors

should always be used• Skew-free cable should not be used with

video systems

Twisted Pair Cable Properties

• Twisted Pair Cable Construction• Multiple construction approaches exist within a

given category• Different conductor types and

gauge sizes• Different shielding techniques

• Stranded center conductor cabling should not be used

• Solid center conductors provide better conductivity due to more surface area

• Ensured performance over distance

Twisted Pair Cable Properties

• Shielded cable protects against outside interference• Air conditioning units• Power from adjacent cabling• Crosstalk from other cables or within the same cable• Radio interference from walkie-talkies

• Image quality symptoms of noisy environments• Image drop-out or flashing• No image at all

Twisted Pair Transmission

• Different types of twisted pair shielding

Cable Name Outer Shielding

IndividualPair Shielding

U/UTP None None

F/UTP Foil None

U/FTP None Foil

S/FTP Braided Foil

SF/UTP Braided & Foil None

Twisted Pair Installation

• Cable infrastructure and patch points• Up to 2 patch points recommended

CTS Twisted Pair Solution

Touchpanel

Control Processor

Twisted Pair Transmitter

Twisted Pair Receiver

CTS Twisted Pair Solution

Twisted Pair Switcher with Integrated TP Transmitter

Touchpanel

Full-Range Ceiling Speakers

Power AmplifierVolume Control Module

HDMI Scaling Receiver

Control Processor

Wireless Video Design Considerations

Wireless Video Benefits

• Overcome architectural challenges• Historic building• Retrofit without coring/trenching concrete• Minimize quantity of floor boxes needed in flex spaces• Support rooms with movable furniture

Wireless Video Benefits

• Eliminate video artifacts that result from grounding issues• Temporary set-ups in collaborative spaces

Bandwidth Requirements

• Highest quality, low-latency digital video content requires very high data rates and high QOS—Quality of Service

• The greater the data rate, the greater the bandwidth required

Bandwidth Required by ResolutionResolution Pixel Clock 8-bit color 10-bit color

720p/1080i @ 60 Hz 74.25 MHz 2.23 Gbps 2.78 Gbps1080p/2K @ 60 Hz 148.5 MHz 4.46 Gbps 5.57 Gbps

Wireless Interface Frequency Band ComputingHardware Required

UncompressedVideo

AirPlay Wi-Fi Apple Products NoChromecast Wi-Fi PC, tablet, smartphone NoMiracast Wi-Fi PC, tablet, smartphone NoWiDi Wi-Fi Intel Products Yes

WiGig Wi-Fi,60 GHz PC, tablet, smartphone Yes

UWB 3.1 – 10.6 GHz None YesWHDI 5 GHz None YesWirelessHD 60 GHz None Yes

Proprietary Wireless Protocols

Performance Considerations

• Speed/Capacity• Bandwidth• Latency• Encoding• Decoding

• Range• Distance• Power Levels• Sensitivity• Frequency

• Robustness• Interference• Distortion• Signal-to-noise

performance• Multipath signals

Wireless Design Considerations

• What challenge are you solving?• Who are the users?

• Collaborative workflow among a team• Instructional setting


• Is there a mandated device platform?• Unrestricted BYOD• Short list of approved devices (Choose Your Own Device)

• Is there existing wireless infrastructure?• Frequency and channel management• Segmented access


• Coverage vs. Interference• Point-to-point• Range of the device


• Coverage vs. Interference• Point to multi-point• Range of the device


• Coverage vs. Interference• Multiple point-to-point systems

• Signals overlap• Use of multiple channels

• Remember the Z-axis


• Coverage vs. Interference• Transmitters and receivers are actually transceivers


• Coverage vs. Interference• More devices than channels

• Position groups to minimize impact

Measuring Wireless Activity

• Wireless site survey’s are used to identify:• Access point locations, data rate, signal strength, and

signal quality• The overall goal is to determine:

• The number and placement of access points that will provide adequate signal coverage and required throughput

Wireless Extension – Mobile Lectern in Flexible Space

Scaling Presentation SwitcherWireless HDMI

Transmitter

Wireless HDMI Receiver

Control Processor

Touchpanel

Wireless Collaboration System

Tabletop Touchpanel

Scaling Presentation Matrix Switcher

Surface Mount SpeakersLong Distance HDMI Receiver

Long Distance HDMI Receiver


3-input Switcher with

DTP Transmitter

2-input Switcher with DTP Transmitter

Adding Wireless BYOD to Existing System

• Combines the best of both approaches – wired and wireless

• VGA and HDMI video outputs provide flexibility

Contact Closure Remote

AC Power Controller


Media Presentation Switcher

Digital Signal Types

USB

Universal Serial Bus

Digital Signals – USB

• A standard for communication protocols that includes cables and connectors

• Historically used for attaching peripheral devices to computers

Digital Signals – USB

• Over the years speeds have increased and USB supports video and audio transfer• USB 2.0 - 480 Mbps• USB 3.0 - 5 Gbps

• Providing additional options for transporting video and audio

TMDS

Transition Minimized Differential Signaling

Digital Video Signals – TMDS

• Silicon Image developed TMDS for digital video transmission• A differential serial digital signal designed for high-speed serial

data transmission• TMDS is used by DVI and HDMI

Single-Link = up to 1920x1200@60 Dual-Link = up to 2560x1600@60

DVI

Digital Visual Interface

Digital Video Signals – DVI

• DVI is an uncompressed digital video signal• Developed by DDWG in 1999

• Designed for computer video• Using RGB color space

• Does not support the following:• Audio• InfoFrames• YCbCr color space

• HDCP support is optional

DVI – Connectors, Distance, Communication

Single-link Dual-link

Pins for Analog RGBHV signal

DVI-I (Integrated)

No pins for Analog RGBHV signal

DVI-D (Digital)

DVI specification does not define transmission distance• Cable performance has a direct bearing on distance

No ImageNo Image

EDID information is sent from the display to the PC• Required by DVI specifications

DigitalDigital

HDMI

High-Definition Multimedia Interface

Digital Video Signals – HDMII

• HDMI is an uncompressed digital video signal• Designed for the consumer market

• Adds support for:• Audio – stereo and surround formats (PCM, Dolby, DTS)• YCbCr color space – optional• HDCP – optional but recommended• CEC – Consumer Electronic Control – optional• InfoFrames

HDMI – Connectors, Distance, Communication

Standard Mini Micro

Mini• Added in HDMI version 1.3Micro• Max resolution 1080p

HDMI

EDID information is sent from the display to the source• Required by HDMI specifications

DigitalDigital

HDMI specification does not define transmission distance• Cable performance has a direct bearing on distance

No ImageNo Image

HDMI and TMDS Bandwidth

• HDMI continues to release new version standards that increase Single-Link capabilities

HDMI Version Resolution Frame Rate Max Clock Color

Depth

1.0 - 1.2 1920x1200 60 165 MHz 24

1.3 - 1.4 2560x1600 60 340 MHz 48

2.0 4096x2160 60 600 MHz 48

HDMI/DVI Compatibility

• HDMI is backwards compatible with DVI• Outputs digital video only (no audio)

• Separate audio connection is needed• No CEC• Possible HDCP Issues?

HDMI Source Device DVI-D Receiver Device DVI-D Source Device HDMI Receiver Device

HDMI – Audio Support

• HDMI supports a complete range of audio formats• Compressed formats

• LPCM, Dolby, DTS

• Lossless formats• Dolby TrueHD and DTS Master Audio

• Some Blu-ray decks provide both digital audio (5.1 via EDID) and analog stereo audio• Audio is sent within the data island period

DisplayPort

VESA’s Digital Display Interface

Digital Video Signals – DisplayPort

• Royalty-free uncompressed digital audio/video interconnect• Design as VGA replacement – connector and signal format• Utilizes micro-packet signal transmission

• Supports:• Audio – stereo and surround formats (LPCM, Dolby, DTS)• RGB and YCbCr color space• VGA, DVI, and HDMI – with adapter• HDCP• InfoFrames

DisplayPort – Connectors, Distance, Communication

Standard MDP

Standard• Optional latching connectorThunderbolt• Designed for Apple laptops

DisplayPort Mini DisplayPort

AKA Thunderbolt

DisplayPort does define a transmission distance• 15 meters minimum for 1080p 24bpp @60Hz

15 m 1080p

EDID information is sent from the display to the source• Required by DisplayPort specifications

DigitalDigital

DisplayPort - Interoperability

• DisplayPort “Dual-Mode” Standard• Supports DVI and HDMI Sink devices• Requires Type 1 adapter• Limited to Single Link specifications - 165 MHz

• 1080p @ 60 Hz 24-bit color

• DisplayPort Updated “Dual-Mode” Standard• Supports DVI and HDMI Sink devices• Requires Type 2 adapter• Latest specification supports HDMI 1.4 - 300 MHz

• 4K/UHD @ 30 Hz, 1080p @ 60 Hz deep color, 1080p 3D @ 60 Hz

DisplayPort Micro-packet Bandwidth

• DisplayPort continues to release new version standards that increase bandwidth capabilities

DisplayPort Version Resolution Frame

Rate Bandwidth Color Depth

1.0 - 1.1a 2560x2048 60 10.8 Gbps 24

1.2 4096x2160 60 21.6 Gbps 36

1.3 5120x2880 60 32.4 Gbps 36

DisplayPort – Version 1.3

• DisplayPort version 1.3 increases bandwidth for video to 25.92 Gbps• Adding support for new 5K monitors - 5120x2880

• Multi-Stream feature now supports two 4K/UHD displays from a single output

• HDMI 2.0, HDCP 2.2, and CEC are also supports in version 1.3• 4:2:0 is also added for 4K and 8K consumer television applications

Communication

For Digital Signals

EDID – Extended Display Identification Data

EDID – Extended Display Identification Data

• Developed by VESA in 1996• Allows exchange of data between display and source device

• Communication occurs over specific pins – DDC• DDC – Display Data Channel

• DDC provides digital link between display and source• Supports bidirectional serial data• Required for plug-and-play compliance

DDC – Display Data Channel

• DDC is primarily used to carry configuration information (EDID) from the display to the source• DDC is used by VGA, DVI, HDMI, and DisplayPort connectors

Pin 18 (+5 or +3.3V)• Powers display’s EDID circuitPin 15 (SCL)• Serial Clock• Synchronizes SDA dataPin 16 (SDA)• Bidirectional Serial Data• Transfers EDID data

+5V

SDASCL

EDID – Data

• EDID contains the following information:• Sink identity – device type, model number, etc.• Sink capability – video/audio

• Video timing parameters, color space, audio formats, etc.

• EDID also defines the data structure• Block 0 – 128 byte of hexadecimal data• Block 1 – additional 128 byte of hexadecimal data

• Block 1 was added in version 1.3

Sink identity

Sink capabilities

EDID – Data Structure

101101101

EDID – Sequence

• Power on PC or activate external graphics card• Computer requests EDID data from display• Display sends EDID data to computer• Computer attempts to match display parameters

Display’s EDID

+5V

Bidirectional Serial Data

Serial Data Clock

Supported Resolutions

• Displays have different native resolutions• Most ideal EDID configuration depends on requirements• Advisable to select EDID from pre-stored settings for each source

Input Output

Matrix Switcher

1080p

1080p

1

2

3

4

1

2

3

4

EDID Minder720p

720p

720p

EDID Minder720p

Laptop with HDMI

Blu-ray with HDMI

PC with DVI output

PC with DVI output

1024x768

1680x1050

1080P

1024x768

EDID and Audio Management

• Which audio format?• Analog or digital

• What is the audio signal path?• Separate or embedded

• Breakaway• Emergency announcements• Background music

• Surround sound or stereo?• Extract or embed

• Latency issues?

Interface Format Correction

Audio Setup Challenges

• Setting Digital Audio

High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection

HDCP

• HDCP is an encryption protocol applied at the digital interface –DVI, HDMI and DisplayPort

• Prevents unauthorized access to protected content• Implementation in DVI is optional

Sources• Computers• Blu-ray Player• CATV• STV

Sinks• Monitors• Projectors

Repeaters• Receivers• Switchers• DAs

HDCP Authorized

• Some sources will encrypt all content when connected to an HDCP compliant device

• Certain AV equipment does not support HDCP-encrypted content

Lecture Capture

Video Conference Broadcast Feed

Mac Book Pro

iPad

HDCP Challenges

• HDCP Authorized• Some sources, such as a Mac laptop or iPad, will encrypt ALL content

being output even if it does not require encryption• Keynote• Safari• Note• Numbers

HDCP Authorized

Input Output

HDCP compliantDisplay

HDCP Source

Non-HDCP Source

HDCP Sink

Non-HDCP Sink

Matrix Input Matrix Output

Non-HDCP compliantDisplay

Mac laptopThunderbolt to HDMI output

iPadHDMI output

Matrix Switcher

System Optimization

Achieving Optimal Image Quality in a Digital System

Video Processors

• Scaling continues to provide a bridge between AV source equipment and a variety of endpoint requirements

• Used to manage:• Resolution• Signal format• Aspect ratio• Image optimization• Switch speed• Content density via windowing• Cable management

iPad

Laptop

PC

Confidence Monitor

Codec

Video projector

Video Processors Applications

• Managing uncertainties• EDID or BYOD issues • Ensuring consistency and reliable operation• Delivering compatible signals

• Providing enhancements• Seamless switching• Windowing• Memory recall

AV System Disparities

• BYOD equipment• How do they respond to EDID?

EDID set to: - 1080p@60- RGB- 2-ch audio

Laptops in Mirror Mode:• Output resolution can depend on native panel resolution• Panel = 1366x768, EDID = 1080p• Laptop may output something in the middle

EDID

Resolution?


• BYOD equipment• How do they respond to EDID?

EDID set to: - 1024x768@60- RGB- 2-ch audio

Portable devices:• iPad may only output 1080p if audio is requested in EDID• Other devices may not offer/support requested resolution

EDID

Resolution?

AV System Solutions

• BYOD equipment• Resolution management

• Reformats signal for system requirements• Delivers consistent resolution to endpoints

1080p native

HDCP-Compliant Video Scaler


• Display’s native resolution versus other equipment• How to choose?

Max 720p

Native 1920x1200

Native 1080p

System EDID?

iPad

Confidence Monitor

Codec

Video projector

Media Player

Blu-ray

PC

Laptop

AV System Solutions

• Display’s native resolution versus other equipment• EDID and Resolution management

Scaled 720p

Scaled 1920x1200

iPad

• EDID Minder per input• Built-in scaling

Source resolution

Confidence Monitor

Codec

Video projector

Media Player

Blu-ray

PC

Laptop

Scaling Presentation Mixer with DTP Extension and Control Processor

AV System Solutions

• Resolution and switching management

Analog

Scaled 1920x1200

Analog

Digital

All sources are digitized and scaledto displays native resolution• Maintains consistent image

• Provides fast clean switch

Modular Digital Matrix Switcher

HDMI Scaling Receiver

System Flexibility, Scalability, and Reliability

Current and Future Technology Needs

• Flexibility and Scalability• Understand connectivity and infrastructure plan to allow for interoperability

and future-proofing• Ensure you specify systems and components that can stand the test of

time• Sources and displays may be refreshed in 3-5 years while infrastructure

may need to last 10-15 years

Reliability of Collaborative Systems

• No annual licenses• Incremental cost • Cost attributed to:

• Number of sources• Number of displays• Full matrix vs. 1 input per

table to route to main displays

• Size of signal management system

Size of BudgetSize of Budget

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Collaborative Spaces – Designing AV Solutions Recap

• A solid design strategy• Defines the application• Manages EDID effectively• Contains a solid understanding of connectivity

and infrastructure• Provides an efficient user

interface and operation• Considers future needs as

well as budgetary factors

Open Discussion

Collaboration at the Center of the Digital Universe:

AV System Design Solutions for Evolving AV Technologies

Karl RosenbergRegional Application Specialist

Extron Electronics

collaboration at the center the digital universe - bicsi · collaboration at the center ... twisted...

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