college water efficiency – why does it matter? …...agenda 1. college water efficiency group...

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College Water Efficiency –Why does it matter?How do we do it?What does it cost?

October 9, 2018

Michelle Maddaus – AWE College Water Efficiency Group ChairMaddaus Water Management Inc.

Agenda1. College Water Efficiency Group Overview

Review of group goals How can the group provide ideas for water utility/energy

savings

2. College Campus Water Use Overview Experience from Stanford University

Experience from University of California San Francisco

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College Water Efficiency Group Members

September 2012: group established October 2017: group has 150+ members Group includes representatives from the following entities: Water / Energy Utilities Universities – public and private in 14 states (CA, HI, TX, IN, CO, GA, FL, NC, IL, WA, AZ, NY, NM, NV) and South Africa

Industry Water Reuse Committee Regional water agencies ‐ MWDOC / SCVWD / BAWSCA / Sonoma County Water Agency / MWD

Consultants 3

Presenters for in person meeting at California State University East Bay

(Hayward) in May 2013

Review of why the group formed 1. Water Savings:

Need to optimize available water supplies in many water scarce regions of the United States

Reach individual campus goals to reduce water use Example:

20% water demand reduction by 2020 California reduction goals – Water Utilities 20% water demand reduction by 2020 individual campus goals – University of

California campuses

2. Implementation Strategies: Overcome past struggles with efficiency projects on campuses No single dedicated campus position for water resources

3. Funding: Lack of dedicated funding source for water conservation projects Gain support by showing that conservation is a good & sustainable idea, and

“proving it” Potential for combined funding/grant/rebate/bulk purchases

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Current Group Vision and Goals Focus on “implementation” to obtain water savings Provide a forum to share ideas and learn from others Expand knowledge of best available technology Provide success stories – case studies Water/Energy Nexxus ‐ projects in North / South California Create a list of best management practices for campuses Consider “bulk purchases” or large “grant” applications Continue to add case studies to website hosted by Alliance for Water Efficiency

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College Water Efficiency Group Website

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http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/cweg-cases.aspx

Julia NussbaumStanford University – Utilities Services

Water Efficiency Program at Stanford University (SU) 2000 ‐ 2017

Youth –Potable only2.73 mgd

10.33 ML/day

Middle age –Potable mostly

2.5 mgd9.46 ML/day

Mature –Potable & Onsite

Lake/Wells2.15 mgd

8.14 ML/day

Develop Water Conservation and Recycling Master Plan 2000

Implement 14 measures Low hanging fruit ‐

Bathroom, Kitchen fixtures Once‐through cooling Potable to Non‐Potable

irrigation conversions Develop Water Efficiency (WE) Goals Set up Project Process Develop database for tracking &

analysis

Identify more measures Develop SU internal, WE

technical external networks, join CUWCC

Gain knowledge about WE Technology

Start WE Demonstration Program

Start campus Water Audits

Integrate Potable and Non‐Potable data – water use metering benchmarking new

facilities track savings from WC

projects weather and academic

calendar impacts Test impact of real‐time

water use metering, leak alerts

DW – Domestic (potable water)LW – Lake Water (non‐potable water) 8

How is Stanford University doing?Domestic (Potable) Water Consumption:2.7 mgd in 2000 to 1.39 mgd in 2016

10.2 ML/day in 2000 to 7.2 ML/day in 2016(~30%+ reduction in 16 years when account for recent drought)

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Categorize Campus Water Uses –Who uses and how much water do they use ?

Stanford University Domestic Water (Potable) Consumption Water Year 2016

1.4 MGD = 5.3 ML/day

Stanford University Lake Water (Non‐potable) Consumption Water Year 2016

0.8 MGD = 3.03 ML/day

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Central Energy Facility Replacement2013 ‐ 2016

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Beckman Building: 2004 ‐ 2016Water Miser Retrofits

Water Misers installed in 2004Sterilizer fact sheet now on our website:https://lbre.stanford.edu/sem/sites/all/lbre‐shared/files/sem/files/shared/sem_SteamSterilizers_Stanford_2013.pdf

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Sample Report Cards Graphs Generated by Report Card Software Provided to All Departments on Campus

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Domestic Water Consumption Student Housing & Dining 2000 – 2013

0

100,000

200,000

300,000

400,000

500,000

600,000

700,000

800,000

900,000

1,000,000

Water Use (G

allons/D

ay)

Month

-Pre-rinse spray nozzles-Restroom fixture retrofits-Washing machine retrofits

Domestic Water Consumption Academic 2000 ‐ 2013

Real‐time Water Use Dashboard

Source: Badger Meter (Aquacue) – WAVE Dashboard 16

Stanford’s Water Efficiency Program –What Next? Are We Done Yet?

GOAL – long-term, sustained efficient water use Testing new water-efficient technology including campus research with

professors on treatment of black water/gray water Communicate consumption using real-time water use monitoring

(Automated Meter Infrastructure – AMI) Maintain existing fixtures; indoor, outdoor equipment

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Steaven CampbellFacilities Analyst with UCSF Facilities Services,

Engineering & Energy Services

University of California, San Francisco

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CAMPUS OVERVIEW Founded 1864 Faculty and staff of 22,800 people Second largest employer in San Francisco

Parnassus Campus (of 4 major campuses) average daily population of 16,000 consisting of patients, visitors, faculty, students, and staff

University of California, San FranciscoExclusively focused on health sciences with four professional schools: School of Medicine School of Dentistry School of Pharmacy School of Nursing Graduate programs, UCSF Medical Center, UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital

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Water Efficiency Improvement Projects

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0.00%

5.00%

10.00%

15.00%

20.00%

25.00%

30.00%

0‐10 Years 11‐20 Years 21‐30 Years 31‐40 Years 41‐50 Years 51‐60 Years 61‐70 Years 70+ Years

Percentage of Campus Gross Area by Building Age

Percentage of Gross (4,653,618 sf)(4,653,618 sf = 432,335 square metres)

Determining Water Use on Campus through AuditParnassus Campus Water Audit

15 buildings (2,654,288 gross sf = 246,591 sqmetres) laboratory, academic and clinical uses

In 2011, water consumption averaged 240,682 gpd (911,080 lpd)

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FV Toilets43%

Urinals14%

Laboratory Faucets14%

Cooling Tower12%

Restroom Faucets8%

AutoClaves7%

Glassware Washers

1%

Other1%

Estimated Water Use BreakdownUCSF Parnassus Campus

Note – water use for Parnassus only. Total campus survey included in Phase 1 and Phase 2 with 31 buildings and 5,400,000 sf (501,676 sq metres)

Water Efficiency Improvement Projects Cold Rooms – 22 units once through continuous flow conversions

Solenoid valve installation would ensure zero water flow when the system is cycled off.

Previously a pressure controlled valve determined the flow rate. Since the control valve is adjustable, it can drift from its setting and allow water to flow needlessly.

The solenoid water valve would prevent this. Cost of $500.00 each to install includes labor & materials. Saves 968,000 gallons per year (3,664,279 litres per year).

Meters: Using “Barnacle” meters to convert standard meters to providing “real time data” for the meters Allows ability to detect leaks and get them fixed. 23

Water Efficiency Improvement ProjectsProjects completed following results of Fixture Survey

Affects 65% of water consumption: Replace all less efficient water closets for an estimated savings of 4,279 gpd (16,198 lpd)

Replace all less efficient urinals for an estimated savings of 864 gpd (3,271 lpd)

Replace all missing and broken aerators Other pending projects:

Autoclaves – working with SF Public Utilities Commission for a pilot project

Retrofit irrigation system at our Laurel Heights Campus

On‐site recycled water for large buildings working with SF Public Utilities Commission

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Recording equipment data on a tablet software so water

use efficiency can be determined

For more information on College Water Efficiency group, please contact:

Michelle MaddausMaddaus Water Management Inc.(925) 831‐[email protected]

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Water is a precious resource!

Outreach to Schools

and Universities

• Water Use Trends

• Business Case for Water Efficiency

• Water-Saving Successes

• Tools and Resources

Janice Whitney, USEPA

Region 2 WaterSense Liaison

WaterSense at Work

WaterSense is a partnership program sponsored by EPA that seeks to protect the future of our nation’s water supply by offering people a simple way to use less water with water-efficient products and services and changing how they use water.

• Water and wastewater costs are rising at rates well above the Consumer Price Index

• Operating costs are increasing from campus expansions

• Students are shopping for sustainable universities

• New building codes are requiring water-efficient fixtures

• Water-efficient practices decrease:

• Operating costs by 11 percent• Water use by 15 percent• Energy use by 10 percent

• Meeting voluntary green standards (e.g., LEED®

certification) can differentiate an institution with today’s green-minded students

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Schools and Universities

The Business Case for Water Efficiency

http://www.sierraclub.org/interactive/sierra/cool-schools-2015

• Schools are 6% of the total U.S. Commercial & Industrial water use

• Largest uses

• Restrooms

• Landscaping

• Heating and cooling

• Cafeteria kitchens

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Water Use Trends

WaterSense, a voluntary partnership program sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), is both a label for water-efficient products and a resource for helping you save water.

WaterSense partners with manufacturers, retailers and distributors, homebuilders, irrigation professionals, and utilities to bring WaterSense to your community. Our partnerships encourage innovation in manufacturing and support sustainable jobs for American workers.

How WaterSense Can Help?

Look For the WaterSense Label

WaterSense Program Savings and Accomplishments 2006-2017

Case studies• Loyola University

• George Washington U

• UT Austin

• Harvard

• Emery U

Fact sheets

Worksheets and Guides• WaterSense at Work

Educator tools and Campaigns

• Shower Better

• Fix a Leak Week

• A Day in the Life of a Drop6


Tools and Resources

How can water efficiency/WaterSense be

promoted on campus?

There are three approaches that could be used to promote the program:• Behavioral – target audience = students

• Promote “We’re for Water” campaign on campus • Examples include turning water off when brushing teeth or shaving, shorter

showers, taking the We’re for Water pledge.

• Operational – target audience = facilities management/students• Promote activities on campus to decrease water use

• Examples include finding and fixing leaks, changing outdoor watering times, auditing/measuring water use, tracking water use and reductions (maybe through Portfolio Manager), O&M of cooling systems. WaterSense suggests best management practices for federal facilities that could also apply to facilities on college campuses.

• Physical – target audience = facilities management • Promote use of WaterSense labeled products in campus facilities

• Examples include toilets, showerheads, faucets, urinals, other types of water-efficient products (e.g., washing machines) and efficient landscapes.

Identify opportunities for water efficiency

http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/Schools_and_Universities.aspx .

There are a myriad of water efficiency opportunities at colleges anduniversities because all of them have products or systems that use water.

Areas of focus for an initial conservation plan might be outlined as follows:• Student Housing• Faculty Housing• Landscape Irrigation• Classroom Buildings• Classroom Laboratories• Office Buildings• Cafeterias and Food Service Facilities• Arenas and Stadiums• Specialized Facilities (e.g., Pools, Spas, Research Labs)

http://www.allianceforwaterefficiency.org/Schools_and_Universities.aspx

WaterSense Labeled Products

Tank-Type Toilets

Labeled since 2007

3,500 labeled models

Lavatory Faucets

Labeled since 2007


Flushing Urinals

Labeled since 2009

500 labeled models

Showerheads

Labeled since 2010


Weather-Based

Irrigation Controllers

Labeled since 2011

900 labeled models

Flushometer-Valve Toilets

Labeled since 2015

900 labeled models

Spray Sprinkler Bodies

Labeled since 2017

85 labeled models

Pre-Rinse

Spray Valves

Labeled since 2013

30 labeled models

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Commercial and industrial Facilities: Campus Cafeteria, Heating and Cooling Systems

Best Management Practices

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WaterSense at Work is an online guide facilities can use to manage water use:

Water management planning

Water use monitoring and

education

Sanitary fixtures and equipment

Commercial kitchen equipment

Outdoor water use

Mechanical systems

Laboratory and medical

equipment

Onsite alternative sources of

water

Measure water use with properly installed meters and sub-meters

Set efficiency goals

Conduct a facility water audit

Track usage in Portfolio Manager

Incorporate water efficiency into procurement language and policies

Best Management PracticesAssistance Tools

https://www.epa.gov/watersense/tools-ci-facilities

Other Case Studies & Recorded Webinars

https://www.epa.gov/watersense/case-studies

https://www.epa.gov/watersense/webinars

Loyola Marymount University

*4.7 million+ gallons annual water savings

*$50,000+ annual water and sewer cost savings

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Water-Saving Success

Loyola Marymount University



University of Texas at Austin

*33% potable water savings*1.6 billion gallons total water savings

Single-Pass Cooling Water Recovery

At one point, UT Austin maintained nearly 250 pieces of

equipment connected to the recovery system. Over time, UT

Austin has replaced some of the older single-pass cooling

equipment with more efficient, air-cooled equipment to

eliminate some unnecessary water use, including replacing

the old drinking fountain chillers with air-cooled heat

exchangers.

Ground Water Sump Recovery

Some buildings on campus sit two or three stories below

ground level and, as a result, ground water must be

removed from these foundations to prevent building

flooding. Before the mid-1980s, all of the recovered

foundation ground water was pumped to the storm sewer.

However, UT Austin saw this as an opportunity to use

water that otherwise would go down the drain, as long as

the hard water is treated prior to use in the cooling towers.

UT Austin

Air Handler Condensate Recovery

Approximately 40 buildings recover condensate from 100 air handler units. UT Austin has

also been working to retrofit existing buildings to recover air handler condensate.

Because the generation of single-pass cooling water has diminished due to the

installation of air-cooled equipment, UT Austin now relies primarily on air handler

condensate, rainwater harvesting, and some recovered foundation ground water to

provide cooling tower make-up.

Rainwater Harvesting

Over the last five or six years, all newly constructed buildings on the campus have been

equipped with rainwater harvesting capability, some with 5,000-gallon storage tanks,

which collect rainwater for lawn irrigation. The rainwater harvesting system at UT Austin

recovers 40 to 50 million gallons of water per year, depending upon the amount of rainfall.

UT Austin

Reclaimed Wastewater

In addition to water efficiency, UT Austin is

focused on sustainability as a whole. As of

2007, all new buildings on the UT Austin

campus have received at least LEED Silver

certification, and several are LEED Gold

certified. To continue with its water efficiency

initiatives, UT Austin has begun focusing on

measurement and verification and has

installed submeters on water, steam

condensate, and chilled water lines. Newly

constructed buildings have all of these

techniques incorporated into the design phase,

while existing buildings are being retrofitted.

UT Austin

Savings Summary

In the early 1980s, UT Austin’s facilities were using 1 billion

gallons of potable water per year. In 2010, UT Austin

reduced this potable water use to 668 million gallons. This

decrease in total potable water use was achieved despite a

70 percent increase in overall building square footage. Much

of this reduction is attributed to the use of onsite alternative

water sources.

In 2009, UT Austin used approximately 395 million gallons of

water for cooling, 11 percent of which was supplied from

onsite alternative water sources, including recovered single-

pass cooling water, foundation groundwater, air handler

condensate, and rainwater. The University also recovers

rainwater to provide supplemental irrigation. UT Austin has

recovered and reused more than 1.6 billion gallons of water

since the water conservation program began, saving $7.5

million in water and sewer costs.

UT Austinwww.epa.gov/watersense/commercial

Harvard has a goal to reduce University-wide water use 30% by 2020 from a 2006 baseline, including process, irrigation, and potable water usage.



Water Conservation in the Built Environment

- An Environmental Passive Integrated Chamber (EPIC) system is being installed--the first of its kind used for Cambridge’s public sidewalks.

- Rainwater is being collected and reused in toilets and for irrigation in order to reduce water use. In the LEED Platinum certified Laboratory building waste water from experiments is reused for toilet flushing to minimize water use.

- Several buildings use non-potable water for other purposes; several buildings capture ground and roof water to be utilized for irrigation. The gray water system used at one of the buildings includes a 32,800 gallon tank that collects storm water from the roof for use in irrigation.

- The parking lot – originally 100% impervious parking lot now has porous paving. 658 tons of asphalt were removed and recycled. These pavers have recycled content and are expected to reduce stormwater runoff by over 37%. Drainage to the municipal sewer system has been eliminated

- Waterless urinals and water saving shower heads and faucets have been installed in dormitories, classrooms, and office buildings throughout campus.



Green Roofs and Irrigation- Harvard Law School has two green vegetated roofs. - The roof on Harvard Business School's is a living roof covering 5,200 square feet, planted

with 9000 perennials. - Harvard Housing's Garden Street property has a green roof and roof garden- At the LEED Platinum 46 Blackstone Street, an irrigation free, organic lawn was

developed in a courtyard that was previously a parking lot. - The implementation of organic landscaping on campus has significantly reduced water

use. In the first year the use of organic practices reduced the need for irrigation by 30%, or over 2,000,000 gallons per year.

- The use of weather data or sensors to adjust irrigation is in place on Harvard’s campus. The sensor will automatically turn the irrigation controllers off after a predetermined amount of rainfall (typically .75 – 1 inches) and then turn back on after a 24 to 48 hour dry out period.



The LEED Platinum 46 Blackstone Street

Beyond the Bottle- Students and staff are leading efforts to reduce bottled water usage, ranging from the installation of refill stations in buildings to educational campaigns to persuade the community to eliminate bottled water use and waste.- The student-run Environmental Action Committee is running a "Beyond the Bottle" campaign to reduce use of disposable plastic water bottles on campus. - Several schools (law, medical, education, arts & sciences) are designed to discourage bottled water use by including refill stations throughout the buildings to refill water bottles and mugs. - The Harvard Faculty Club recently eliminated use of bottle water in their

restaurant and for events (resulting in eliminating the use of over 15,000 plastic and glass bottles annually).

- The Dining Halls have filtered water dispenser for students.- The Harvard School of Public Health has banned the sale of bottled water in

Sebastians Café. - Some Schools, including the Graduate School of Education have created maps

to show their community where they can refill their reusable mugs and water bottles.

- At Commencement, instead of water bottles, 5 gallon bottles of water are used to discourage waste.



Currently Emory has one of the largest green building inventories by square footage among all universities in the nation.



Relative to other uses, very little potable water is used for irrigation purposes. This graph shows the percentage of potable water flowing to dedicated irrigation systems versus other facilities using potable water (mainly buildings). Emory has worked hard to harvest rainwater or use plantings with low watering demand in order to keep our campus green.



The WaterHub: Reducing Emory's Water FootprintThe WaterHub is an on-site water recycling system on the Emory University campus which utilizes eco-engineering processes to clean waste water for future non-potable uses.

Wastewater cleaned by the WaterHub is used as process make-up water in Emory’s steam and chiller plants and for future toilet flushing in select residence halls, reducing Emory’s draw of water from Atlanta’s municipal water supply by up to 146 million gallons of water annually.

The WaterHub includes a 50,000 gallon emergency water reserve which will allow Emory’s heating and cooling systems to function for an average of seven hours, depending on seasonal operating demands, in the event of any disruption in water availability.



Emory’s WaterHub is capable of recycling up to 400,000 gallons-per-day –nearly 40% of Emory’s total campus water needs.

WaterSense Sample Resources to help reach the public

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InfographicsBill stuffersMessaging and TipsSample social media postsArticles for placementCase studies

Plan an Event or Create an Education and Outreach Program

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https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=ULSZzNit_IY

https://youtu.be/ULSZzNit_IY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULSZzNit_IY

For More Information

• Website: www.epa.gov/watersense

- Lists of products

- Technical guidance

- Educational fact sheets and resources

• Email: [email protected]

• Toll-free Helpline:

(866) WTR-SENS (987-7367)

Janice Whitney: (212) 637-379029

college water efficiency – why does it matter? …...agenda 1. college water efficiency group...

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