collett, gut health wpc printed 2015.edited for print

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Consulting™

Gut Health

The Big Picture

Stephen R. Collett

The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Centre,

953 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30602‐4875

[email protected] reserved1

Western Poultry Conference

February 22nd , 2015

Consulting™

Gut Health

Form

Function

Flora

Copyright reserved2impossible to compartmentalize / no starting or finishing point

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Gut Health:

Form

• Process control

– Digestive Tract

• Infrastructure for

– Replacement/maintenance

– Digestion and Absorption

• Provides

– Microbial Habitat

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Gut Health:

Function

• Digestion

• Absorption

• Post renal water balance

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Digestion and Absorption• Occurs in the upper intestine ‐ Surface Area dependant– Brush border enzymes

• Demonstrated by– Good tone

– Thick wall

– Villus alignment

• Reflected in – Good feed efficiency

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Post renal concentration of urine

• Occurs in the caecae – Functional Integrity dependant

• Demonstrated by– Thin wall

– Content• Consistency

• Color

• Reflected in – Dry litter

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Emergent properties of the Microbiota

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Gut Health:

Flora

– Bacterial Microbiota that permit birds to attain genetic potential within the prevailing production system without compromising end‐product value

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Bacterial Composition of the Broiler Intestine (16S clone libraries)

CecumIleum

Clostridaceae

Others

Lactobacillaceae

Modified ‐ Lee 2004Copyright reserved8

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Putting it Together

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Intestinal Nutrient Density and Caecal Ecology

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Enzyme breakdown

Reduced concentration of Nutrients in the caecae

Nutrient density declines as nutrients are digested and absorbed

Intense microbe competition for

nutrients

Steady state (limited replication)

Consulting™

Gut Flora vs House Flora

• Upper intestinal integrity determines short term performance……… this growout

• The composition of the Microbiota determines long term performance! ..next 3 growouts


Intake Feed Water Litter…..

Excretion

Litter

It is a numbers game


Replication?Replication?

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Evaluating Gut Health


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Body water

Dietary water Drinking water Environmental water

Water intake Metabolic Water Spillage Condensation

Liquid Water Loss (20 –50%)

Evaporative Water Loss (50

– 80%)

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Inflammation and cellular sloughing

Feed passage

Fermentation in the caecae


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Poor Uniformity

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Necropsy

Much more than Cocci scoring………


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Bird Selection


Minimum of 5 randomly selected, healthy birds to represent the average

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Bird Handling

• Must be consuming feed or have had feed available.

• Minimal delay between collection and processing – maximum 1 hour.

• No delay between euthanasia and necropsy


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Necropsy Instruments


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Overall

• Uniformity and weight for age

• Gut‐fill and consistency

• Wall thickness

• Tensile strength

• Color

• Length




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Specifics

• Content– Consistency– Color– Gas

• Wall– Thickness– Resilience– Structure

• Exudate– Watery– Mucoid– Hemorrhagic


…………read the story…………

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Mouth Lesions


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Feed Processing

• Acidification

• Grinding


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Feed Processing?


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Digestion and Absorption


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Villus Integrity = Surface Area


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Improving villus visualization


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Enteritis


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Obvious Enteritis

• Thin walled

• No tone

• Cellular sloughing

• Short villi – no alignment

• Inflammation

• Enlarged GALT


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Ingesta coated with mucus


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Fermentation


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Reading the story…..


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Managing Gut Health


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• Parent microbiota

• Hatchery

• House flora, feed, water

• Gut environment

• Digestibility

• Immunity

• Gut microbiota

• House environment

Managing Intestinal Health Challenges

Accelerate Evolution of Microbiota

Maintain Stability & Diversity of

Microbiota

Increase resilience


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Managing the Bacterial Microbiota


Immature Mature

EvolutionRegression

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and the Evolution of the Intestinal Microbiota

• Seed– the gut with favorable organisms

• Feed – the favorable organisms

• Weed– out the unfavorable organisms


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Accelerating the Evolution of the Intestinal Microbiota

Seed the Gut with Favorable Flora

• Control parent flock flora

• Apply CEor DFM

• Manage house flora


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Rehabilitating or Accelerating the Evolution of the Intestinal Microbiota

Feed

the Favorable Flora and starve the unfavorable Flora

• Acid

• Enzyme


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Rehabilitating or Accelerating the Evolution of the Intestinal Microbiota

Weed

out the Unfavorable Flora

• Selective Exclusion

– Antimicrobials

– Essential oils

– Attachment blockers (type 1 fimbriae)

• Competitive Exclusion– Community management


Consulting™

Gut Flora vs House Flora

• Upper intestinal integrity determines short term performance……… this growout

• The composition of the Microbiota determines long term performance! ..next 3 growouts


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Summary• Servicing the food industry

– Safe, wholesome and satisfying

• Defining Gut Health– Form, Function and Flora

• Evaluating Gut Health– In the House

• Wet litter, poor uniformity, mucus, feed passage, pale watery to foamy excreta

– At necropsy• Thin walled, no tone or villus structure, exudate , cellular debris

• Managing Microbiota– Accelerate evolution of intestinal microbiota

– Rehabilitate microbiota after disturbance

1. Seed = Probiotic

2. Feed = Acids and Enzymes

3. Weed = Antibiotic, Essential oils, Type 1 fibria blockers,Competitive exclusion


Consulting™

Gut Health

The Big Picture

Stephen R. Collett

The University of Georgia, College of Veterinary Medicine, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Centre,

953 College Station Road, Athens, Georgia 30602‐4875

[email protected] reserved47

Western Poultry Conference

February 22nd , 2015

collett, gut health wpc printed 2015.edited for print

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