collin duggan & will summerall. what was the industrial revolution? it was a period of rapid...
TRANSCRIPT
THE INDUSTREAL REVOLUTION
Collin Duggan & Will Summerall
What Was the Industrial Revolution? It was a period of rapid growth with
breakthroughs in water powered machines and high production.
Hand powered machines were not efficient enough to fill large orders so a man named Richard Arkwright came up with a revolutionary idea
His design would allow 1 machine to do the work of 50 people
The Idea
He created a wheel with boards of wood that would catch the water and turn a master axle called a vertical shaft, this puts the whole operation in motion. One of these water wheel inventions could power an entire textile mill.
Water Power Textile Mill
2-02 Eli Whitney and Interchangeable Parts
Sakshi Popli and Josie Parrilla
Deverell, William and Deborah Gray White. United States History: Beginnings to 1877. Orlando: Holt,
Rinehart and Winston, 2007. Print.
Atler, Judith. Eli Whitney. New york: A First Book, 1990. Print
Constance M. Green, Eli Whitney and the Birth of American Technology (Boston: Little, Brown, 1956).
All manufacturing was done by hand No two musket parts were exactly the same It would take more then a week to make one
musket No mass production
Before Whitney
Promised the federal government that he could
build 10,000 muskets in a little more than two years
Whitney had never made a musket before Designed a milling machinewhich would make parts Exactly the same every time Didn’t make a single musket in the first two years of allotted time
Eli Whitney
Interchangeable parts are parts of a machine
that are perfectly identical They speed up the production of machinery Mass production Made guns fixable You could easily replace broken parts
Interchangeable Parts
By Hunter Crose, John Murray, and James Sullivan
2-03 LABOR UNION
LABOR UNION
• Trade Unions were groups that tried to improve pay and work conditions
• Pay was low, employees had to work 12-hour work days, and people were at risk of losing their jobs to immigrants
• Most employers did not want to hire union workers
• Employers believed that the higher cost of union employees prevented competition with other manufactures
• Sarah G. Bagley founded the Lowell Female Labor Reform in 1844 ad publicized the struggles of factory laborers
• President Martin Van Buren had granted a 10-hour work day in 1840 for many federal employees
LABOR UNION
• In 1834, representatives from various trade unions convened at the National Trades’ Union Convention in New York City
• The NTU convention, which marked the first sub included obtaining legal recognition for trade unions in every American jurisdiction, organizing unorganized workers, establishing universal free public education for children and adults, and creating a separate political party
LABOR UNION• Sarah G. Bagley- Enjoyed the experience of factory work at first, but then her
attitude towards textile corporations became increasingly critical, However, reflecting a general discontent among mill workers over declining wages and deteriorating working conditions including a speed up of machine operations.
• In 1844, when then Massachusetts Legislature set up a special committee to consider the problem; The first governmental investigation of labor conditions in the United States.
BIBLIOGRAPHY (WORKS CITED)• Gray-White, Deborah, Holt Social Studies, Orlando, Holt, 2013
• James, Edward T., Notable American Women, Vol. 1, 1970
• Trade Unions, Dictionary of American History 2003, Gale U.S. History in Context, Web, 4 April 2013
2-04 STEAMBOAT ERA
By: Matt Stiffler, Matt Marshall
Tommy Wade
Deverell, William and Deborah Gray White. United States History; Beginnings to 1877. Orlando: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. 2007. Print.Ewen, William H.. Days of the Steamboats. New York: Parents’ Magazine Press, 1967. Print.Robert Fulton.” Dictionary of American Biography. U.S. History In Context. Web. 1 April 13.
H T T P : / /W W W. T W A I N T I M E S . N E T / B O A T / S B P A G E 3 A . H T M L
Steamboat engine gif
THE BEGINNING OF THE STEAM B OAT
In the early 1800’s many steamboats would traverse the inland seas of the northern statesSteam boats were first introduced in the transportation revolution- a period of rapid growth in the speed of commerce and travelIn 1835, Americans had joined the Hudson to the Mississippi (made trade more effective; Atlantic Ocean-Mississippi) Improvements like these made goods, people and information more transferrable By 1840, 7,500 steamboats were being usedBy the 1850’s steamboats were used to carry people and goods across the Atlantic
MORE ABOUT STEAMBOATS
They had been known to travel across and around the HudsonThe first steamboat to explore the west was the “Shasta” and was used to go to San Francisco in search of goldRobert Fulton tested the first design in FranceWhen he was 13, he invented a sky rocketThe first full sized steamboat was “Clermont.”
• Designed by Robert Fulton
GIBBONS V. OGDEN
Increased shipping led to waterway right
problems.
1819 Aaron Ogden sued Thomas Gibbons
Gibbons did not have a license in New York City
waterways.
The Gibbons v. Ogden case regulated trade
between states by ending monopolistic control.
1-05 COTTON GINBy John Shultz
Usage and origin The cotton gin was used to remove the
seeds out of cotton ten times faster than by hand
You use it by turning the handle to move the cotton through the machine and the wire tears the seeds from the cotton
It was also helpful because it helps to fill the huge need for cotton in England
Later on the gin was changed by other manufacturers who stole the design to use saws instead which was much better than the wire
Effects The design made cotton one of their leading crops
so they started to abandon their other crops The cotton caused an up rise in textile
manufacturing because it was a highly produced crop because of the cotton gin
Cotton exports to England changed from one hundred thirty-eight thousand pounds to over one and a half million and thirty years later it went all the way up to two-hundred million pounds
The USA produced half of the cotton in the world
Other facts The cotton also had to go through another process
called browning because the cotton gin didn’t clean the cotton
Eli Whitney hoped to keep its design a secret but he couldn’t because laws preventing people from stealing ideas haven’t been passed or were not enforced
Works cited Alter, Judith. Eli Whitney. New York: Library of congress
cataloging, 1990. Print. Wiener, Roberta. “Cotton Gin.” 2006 Gale. World history
in context. Web. 1 April 2013 White, Deborah. United States History. Austin: Holt, 2007.
Print. Google Images
1-06 By Jack Savoni and Ethan McAuliffe
The Rise of Nativism
In the early 1800s, immigrants traveled to America to start a new life. But, this just started trouble.
As the immigrants settled in American cities, it bothered some people who didn’t like foreigners bringing their languages, cultures, and foods with them.
Soon later, America’s population would grow rapidly, and the Industrial Revolution would start taking place.
The Industrial Revolution started in the mid 1800s, which supplied many jobs for immigrants and U.S. citizens.
Some people felt threatened by the foreigners due to immigrants looking for payment that could be lower than the minimum wage.
As immigration increased, Nativists founded a political party known as the Know Nothing Party.
Database Information Reimers, David M. "'America for the Americans': The Nativist Movement in the United States."
Journal of American Ethnic History 17.2 (1998): 93+. U.S. History In Context. Web. 3 Apr. 2013 Beers, Kylene. United states history beginnings to 1877.New York:
Regligion Consultant, 2002. print
Kira Silvestri, Mary-Therese Philbrook, Annalise Stein
2-07 PRISON REFORM
• Raised in Massachusetts • Lived in Boston as a teacher• Taught Sunday School to woman
prisoners• When she turned forty she became a
crusader on behalf of the mentally ill • Wrote to the government officials to
influence them to improve prisons
DOROTHEA DIX
• The mentally ill prisoners were chained to walls
• These prisoners had little clothing and no heat
• Held runaway children and orphans• If the children begged or stole to
survive, they got the same harsh treatments as adult criminals
PRISONS
• After learning the conditions, Dorothea exposed them to the government
• Led to the demand that they are immediately changed
• Never came face to face with public• Dorothea would:-Collected valuable information-Planned the changes-Recruited spokesmen
REFORMS MADE
Culligan, Judy. Heroes And Prisoners. New York: Simon And Schuster, 1998. Print.
Deverell, William and Deborah Gray White. United States History: Beginnings to 1877. Orlando:
Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2007. Print.Pictures from: Google images.
“The Prison Reform Movement.” US History on Context 2007. American Social Reform
Movements. Web. 1 April 2013.
WORKS CITED
By Brooke Zlotshewer and Taylor Mealey
American Anti-Slavery
Society
American Anti-Slavery Society
• Abolitionist were people that supported the
complete end to slavery
• The American Anti-Slavery Society, were
members who wanted immediate emancipation
and
racial equality for African Americans
• In 1833, William Lloyd Garrison helped
found the American Anti-Slavery Society
and later he was made president.
American Anti-Slavery Society
• He also published an abolitionist newspaper, the
Liberator, in 1831
• Members spread anti-slavery literature and
petitioned Congress to end federal support of
slavery.
• The society eventually split into 2 groups, one
wanted immediate emancipation for African
Americans and a bigger role for women, and the
other wanted gradual
emancipation and minor roles for
women.
1-09 FREDERICK DOUGLASS AND SOJOURNER TRUTH
By: Henry Carrington Liam Nuneviller
(not Logan because he did nothing)
Deverell Williams and Deborah Gray White. United States History: Beginnings to 1877. Orland: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 2007. Print. “Frederick Douglass." Contemporary Black Biography. Vol. 87. Detroit: Gale, 2011. World History In Context. Web. 4 Apr. 2013."Sojourner Truth." Encyclopedia of World Biography. Detroit: Gale, 1998. World History In Context. Web. 4 Apr. 2013.Adler, David Frederick Douglass A Noble Life. Wisconsin: Holiday House 2010. Print.Krass, Pete Sojouner Truth Antislavery Activist. New York: Chelsea House Publishers 1988.Print.
Frederick Douglass Born a slave in Tuckahoe Maryland Douglass secretly learned to read and write as young lad Frederick Douglass escaped slavery when he was 20 He went on to be one the most important African American leaders in the
1800’s His public speaking impressed many members of the anti-slavery society Douglass had many speaking tours in the U.S. and Europe "I remember the chain, the gag, the bloody whip, the deathlike gloom
overshadowing the broken spirit of the fettered bondman, the appalling liability of his being torn away from wife and children, and sold like a beast in the market,"
Buried in 1895 in New York
Sojourner Truth
Born into slavery around 1797 Her name was originally Isabella Changed her name at 46 years old Sojourner contributed to abolitionist
cause Claimed god told her to travel the us and
help slaves Preached about women’s right Nov. 26, 1883 she died because of ill
health
By: Danielle Lean, Ashley Hillis, Violet Myles, and Taylor Arenz
2-10Underground Railroad
• An organization that arranged transportation and hiding places for escaped slaves
• The slaves were moved during the night
• Would travel them along routes that led them to northern states or Canada
• There was no central leadership
• Conductors stopped to rest in the day at barns, attics, or other properties owned be abolitionists (station masters)
• 1800 north abolished slavery and south became more crucial to the cotton
What is the Underground Railroad?
• Quakerso Mid-to-late 1700s, the group became abolitionistso Played significant role in helping runaway slaveso Levi coffin and wife Catherine were two major Quaker abolitionists.o Their home was often referred to as “Grand Central Station.”o It is estimated that they harbored and helped more than 2,000
slaves.
• Harriet Tubmano Born a slaveo Her birth name was Araminta “Minty” Rosso Run away slaveo Lead her family and 300 other slaves to freedomo Became an abolitionist, a military spy, and a women’s activist
Who was involved?
Benson, Sonia, and Rebecca Valentine. “Underground Railroad.” UXL
Encyclopedia of U.S. History. US History in Context. Web. 1 Apr
2013.
Devaral, William, and Deloran Gray White. United States History: Beginnings
to 1877. Orlando: Holt, Rineheart and Winston, 2007. Print.
Lanteir, Patrica. Harriet Tubman Conductor of the Underground Railroad.
Crabtree Publishing Company, 1952. Print.
Works Cited
2-10 The Underground RailroadBy: Seumus Crossett, and Nick Zarutskie
Works cited• Deverell, William and Debrah Gray White. United States History
beginning to 1877. Orlando: Holt Rinehart and Winston, 2007. Print.
• Slavicek, Louise. Harriet Tubman and the Underground Railroad.Farmington Hills, Mississippi: Lucent books, 2006. Print.
• Yacovone, Donald. "Underground Railroad." Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History. Ed. Colin A. Palmer. 2nd ed. Vol. 5. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 2223-2226. U.S. History In Context. Web. 3 Apr. 2013.
United States History Text book
• The underground railroad was not an actual railroad, but it was a network of people who arranged transportation and hiding places for fugitives, or escaped slaves.
• Fugitives would travel along routes that led them into northern states and sometimes Canada.
• No one person, or group of people was ever officially in charge
• Most famous and daring conductor was Harriet Tubman • At one time the reward for Harriet Tubman was up to $40,000
Harriet Tubman
• Little is known about Tubman’s first rescue mission except that she escorted her relatives all the way to her new hometown of Philadelphia.
• Heartened by her success she returned to the Baltimore area and guided three of her brothers friends to free soil.
U.S. History in context
• Most slaves who reached freedom in the North initiated their own escapes.
• The Underground Railroad never freed as many slaves as its supporters claimed.
• One black man employed his carriage service to transport slaves into freedom.
2-11 SENECA FALLS
CONVENTION
By: Fausto Gomez, Connor Collins, Sean Heffernan, John S.
The Convention
Was the first public meeting about women's rights in the U.S.
Held on July 19th, 1848 in Seneca falls, New York
240 people attended the convention including Fredrick Douglass.
How Did it all Start
Stanton attended the convention but, she was forced to sit behind a curtain because she was a woman
Stanton proclaimed that all women and men were equal
More interesting facts
100 people signed the declaration, more women than men
Stanton and Anthony formed the Women's Loyal League in 1863
Stanton and others formed the American Equal Rights Association
Works Cited Deverell, William. United States History. Austin : Holt, 2007. Print.
Hemer, Diana. Women Suffragists. New York : Library of Congress, 1998. Print.
“Suffrage Women’s .” International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences, 2008. Gale World History in Context. Web. 2 Apr 2013.
By: John Pucillo and Graham Sendak
2 -12 TEMPERANCE MOVEMENT
Deverell, William and Deborah, Grey. “Temperance.”
United States History Beginnings to 1877. Orlando : Holt Richard and
Winston, 2007. Print.
Google Images On Google.
McNeese, Tim. Early National America 1790 – 1850.
New York : Chelsea House, 2000. Print.
“Temperance Movement.” Encyclopedia of the United States in the Nineteenth
Century, 2001. US History in Context. Web. 1 April 2013.
WORKS CITED
Began in the 19th Century and ended in the 20th Century.
Before the 1800’s nobody protested against alcohol.
Only excessive drinking was considered a social and moral problem.
Temperance Societies were born before the 19th century, the first temperance organizations goal was to build a mass membership which then to fight against the abuse of alcohol.
First temperance society was the American society for the promotion of temperance.
By 1835 the society had 1.5 million supporters
DATABASE FACTS
During this time there were many social Reformers against alcohol abuse.
Social Reformers thought that Americans drank to much.
In the 1830’s the average American citizen drank about 7 galloons of alcohol a year.
Many Americans thought alcohol abuse caused social problems such as family violence, poverty and criminal behavior.
The Temperance movement hard liquor.
The Reformers asked people to limit themselves to beer and wine in small quantities.
TEXT BOOK FACTS
The American Temperance societies main purpose was to moderate drinking they encouraged people who were alcoholics to pledge total abstinence (which means to give up drinking).
Because of this movement many saloons and bars were closed down in 1873 and 1874 in the late 19th century the movement was stalled and was not going anywhere.Eventually in the end the Temperance movement led up to the early stages of probation.
BOOK FACTS
THE END
1-13 Uncle Tom’s Cabin
C.J. Donaghy
Background• Uncle Tom’s Cabin was written by Harriett Beecher Stowe as a protest against the
Compromise of 1850• The author Harriet Beecher Stowe was an abolitionist • The novel sold one million copies by early 1853• Southerners were mad that the book depicted slavery as something that ravaged families,
denigrated labor, and encouraged sexual indiscretion.• The Civil war began nine years after the book was published and President Abraham Lincoln
famously stated, “So you’re the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war!”
• A political point in the novel was that Christianity and Slavery were mutually exclusive.• Stowe linked the story of Uncle Tom’s suffering with the life and death of Jesus Christ.• The book made Northerners and others aware of the cruelty of Slavery and how the Slave
Owners treated their slaves.
Black American Response• Uncle Tom’s Cabin was originally praised by blacks because Frederick Douglass wrote a
positive review of the novel in an editorial. • William Wells Brown, J. McCune Smith, and William Still were well known blacks who also
approved Stowe’s novel.• They likened themselves to the novel because they thought of the book as anti-slavery
propaganda.• Some blacks said that Uncle tom’s Cabin was addressed to Universal Humanity.• Black people later come to know Uncle Tom’s Cabin because of its inferior black images and
racist theme.• Uncle Tom’s Cabin was not as popular with blacks at the time because the majority of
readers of the book were White.
Works Cited• Banks, Marra. An Analysis of Nineteenth Century Black Responses to Uncle
Tom’s Cabin. Ann Arbor, MI: University Microfilms International, 1986. Print.
• Weinstein, Cindy. "Uncle Tom's Cabin." Americans at War. Ed. John P. Resch. Vol. 2: 1816-1900. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 173-174. U.S. History In Context. Web. 4 Apr. 2013.
• "Uncle Tom's Cabin." UXL Encyclopedia of U.S. History. Sonia Benson, Daniel E. Brannen, Jr., and Rebecca Valentine. Vol. 8. Detroit: UXL, 2009. 1601-1602. U.S. History In Context. Web. 4 Apr. 2013.