colonial america unit ib ap u.s. history. england ► defeat of spanish armada in 1588 makes england...
TRANSCRIPT
EnglandEngland
►Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 Defeat of Spanish Armada in 1588 makes England a superior naval powermakes England a superior naval power
►Population increasesPopulation increases► Joint-stock companies developJoint-stock companies develop►Religious conflicts divide the nationReligious conflicts divide the nation►Weak monarchs, civil wars, and Weak monarchs, civil wars, and
revolutionsrevolutions
English ColoniesEnglish Colonies►ChartersCharters►Corporate ColonyCorporate Colony
Granted a charter to stockholdersGranted a charter to stockholders Ex. VirginiaEx. Virginia
►Proprietary ColonyProprietary Colony Granted a charter to individual or groupGranted a charter to individual or group Ex. Maryland, PennsylvaniaEx. Maryland, Pennsylvania
►Royal ColonyRoyal Colony Under direct control of the monarchUnder direct control of the monarch Ex. New HampshireEx. New Hampshire Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal Eventually, 8 of the 13 colonies became royal
colonies, including Virginia and Massachusettscolonies, including Virginia and Massachusetts
The First English ColoniesThe First English Colonies►First Attempt: Roanoke in 1585First Attempt: Roanoke in 1585►First Permanent: Jamestown, Virginia in 1607First Permanent: Jamestown, Virginia in 1607
John Smith – “he that will not work shall not eat”John Smith – “he that will not work shall not eat” John Rolfe - tobaccoJohn Rolfe - tobacco
PilgrimsPilgrims► Separatists to Separatists to
Holland then head Holland then head for Virginiafor Virginia
►Mayflower takes Mayflower takes Separatists and Separatists and others to others to Jamestown but Jamestown but weather weather complicates matterscomplicates matters
► Settlers decide to Settlers decide to remain and remain and establish Plymouth establish Plymouth (1620)(1620)
New EnglandNew England► Massachusetts Bay Massachusetts Bay
Colony and Puritans Colony and Puritans (1630)(1630) John WinthropJohn Winthrop ““city upon a hill”city upon a hill”
► Rhode Island Rhode Island Providence (1636)Providence (1636)
► Roger WilliamsRoger Williams Portsmouth (1638)Portsmouth (1638)
► Anne HutchinsonAnne Hutchinson
► ConnecticutConnecticut Hartford (1637)Hartford (1637)
► Thomas HookerThomas Hooker New Haven (1638)New Haven (1638)
► New Hampshire (1679)New Hampshire (1679)
New England and ReligionNew England and Religion► Puritanical lifestyle in Puritanical lifestyle in
MassachusettsMassachusetts► Religious toleration and Religious toleration and
dissent Rhode Islanddissent Rhode Island Roger Williams and “wall of Roger Williams and “wall of
separation”separation” Anne Hutchinson and Anne Hutchinson and
AntinomianismAntinomianism
► Halfway Covenant (1662)Halfway Covenant (1662) Attempt to increase membersAttempt to increase members
► Salem Witch Trials (1692-Salem Witch Trials (1692-1693)1693) 185 accused185 accused
► 141 women; 44 men141 women; 44 men 19 executed19 executed
► 14 women; 5 men14 women; 5 men
New England PoliticsNew England Politics► Fundamental Orders of Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut (1639)Connecticut (1639) First written constitution First written constitution
in Americain America
► Relations with NativesRelations with Natives New England New England
Confederation (1643-Confederation (1643-1684)1684)► Defense alliance among Defense alliance among
Plymouth, Plymouth, Massachusetts, Massachusetts, Connecticut, New HavenConnecticut, New Haven
► King Philip’s (Metacom) King Philip’s (Metacom) War (1675-1676)War (1675-1676)
New England New England Confederation defeats Confederation defeats Wampanoag allianceWampanoag alliance
Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies► DevelopmentDevelopment
New YorkNew York► New Amsterdam New Amsterdam
transferred to Duke of transferred to Duke of York in 1664York in 1664
New Jersey (1702)New Jersey (1702) Pennsylvania settled by Pennsylvania settled by
QuakersQuakers Delaware (1702)Delaware (1702)
► EconomicsEconomics Develop wheat and Develop wheat and
corn farmscorn farms► ““Bread basket” of the Bread basket” of the
coloniescolonies Eventually into Eventually into
manufacturing and manufacturing and tradetrade
PennsylvaniaPennsylvania
►William Penn (1681)William Penn (1681)► Religious Society of Religious Society of
Friends aka QuakersFriends aka Quakers►Holy ExperimentHoly Experiment
Religious refugeReligious refuge Liberal political idealsLiberal political ideals Economic successEconomic success Frame of Government Frame of Government
and Charter of and Charter of LibertiesLiberties
Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies
► Maryland (1634)Maryland (1634) Lord BaltimoreLord Baltimore Act of Toleration (1649)Act of Toleration (1649)
► Virginia (1607)Virginia (1607)► Carolinas (1663)Carolinas (1663)
North Carolina (1729)North Carolina (1729)►TobaccoTobacco
South Carolina (1729)South Carolina (1729)►Rice and indigoRice and indigo
► Georgia (1732)Georgia (1732) James OglethorpeJames Oglethorpe
VirginiaVirginia► Jamestown (1607)Jamestown (1607)► House of Burgesses in 1619House of Burgesses in 1619
First legislative assembly in First legislative assembly in the coloniesthe colonies
► Becomes royal colony in Becomes royal colony in 16241624
► Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)Bacon’s Rebellion (1676) Inequities between large Inequities between large
landowners and western landowners and western farmersfarmers
Nathanial Bacon vs. William Nathanial Bacon vs. William BerkeleyBerkeley
► Headright SystemHeadright System 50 acres to each paying 50 acres to each paying
immigrant or plantation immigrant or plantation owner who paid for immigrantowner who paid for immigrant
"Here shoot me before God, fair mark shoot.”Governor William Berkeley in response to Nathanial Bacon’s threat for demands.
GeorgiaGeorgia► James James
Oglethorpe Oglethorpe establishes in establishes in 17321732 Social Social
experimentexperiment
►Defensive buffer Defensive buffer to Spanish to Spanish FloridaFlorida
►Debtors colonyDebtors colony
Colonial ReligionColonial Religion► Diverse among colonies Diverse among colonies
regarding strict adherence and regarding strict adherence and religious tolerationreligious toleration
► Protestant dominantProtestant dominant Anglican ChurchAnglican Church CongregationalistCongregationalist PresbyterianPresbyterian LutheranLutheran CatholicCatholic
► The (First) Great Awakening The (First) Great Awakening (1730s-1740s)(1730s-1740s) Jonathan EdwardsJonathan Edwards
► ““Sinners in the Hands of an Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”Angry God”
George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield EvangelismEvangelism Baptists and MethodistsBaptists and Methodists
Colonial Politics► Limited Self-
Government Elected bicameral
legislative assemblies Governors Local governments
►Voting Limited to adult male
educated and/or property owners
► Freedom of Expression John Peter Zenger Case
(1735)
Dominion of New England (1686-1689)
► Established by King James II to consolidate colonies
► Administrative union of Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey
► Governor Edmund Andros► Dissolution
Colonial Society And Colonial Culture
► American Social Structure Wealthy landowners Merchants Small farmers Craftspeople Slaves Regional differences
► Opportunity Less dependent on heredity
► Gender Roles Men
► Patriarchal society, landowners, workers
Women► Submissive to men but
respected, domestic responsibilities, limited to no political rights
►Becoming American Pragmatism
►Dominance of English culture
► Folkways Regional
differences
Colonial Culture - The Arts►Architecture
Early colonies centered around a church
Urban structures typical of English structures
Frontier log cabins►Literature
Newspapers Religious sermons,
political essays, non-fiction books
Poor Richard’s Almanac - Benjamin Franklin
Colonial Culture - Education► Limited to wealthy males; females learned
domestic chores►Higher Education
Most established for ministry/theological studies►New England Colonies
Education by mothersEducation by mothers Towns with over 50 families required primary Towns with over 50 families required primary
schools; over 100 families, required grammar schools; over 100 families, required grammar schoolsschools
►Middle Colonies Private and church education
►Southern Colonies Limited education due to agricultural lifestyle
Settlement and MigrationSettlement and Migration
► 250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 250,000 in 1701 to 2.5 million in 1775million in 1775
► Europeans and Africans Europeans and Africans along with a high birth ratealong with a high birth rate
► Reasons: religion; Reasons: religion; economics; political turmoileconomics; political turmoil
► English, Germans English, Germans (Pennsylvania Dutch), (Pennsylvania Dutch), Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Scottish, Irish, Dutch, Swedish Swedish OLD OLD IMMIGRANTSIMMIGRANTS
► Africans forced to America; Africans forced to America; suffered discrimination and suffered discrimination and slave laborslave labor
Colonial SlaveryColonial Slavery► Indentured servitudeIndentured servitude►Why Slaves?Why Slaves?
Increased wages in Increased wages in EnglandEngland
Labor shortages lead Labor shortages lead to importing slavesto importing slaves
Cheap laborCheap labor Dependable work Dependable work
forceforce► Slave Rebellions and Slave Rebellions and
ReactionsReactions Stono Rebellion/Cato Stono Rebellion/Cato
Rebellion (1739)Rebellion (1739) New York New York
“Conspiracy” (1741)“Conspiracy” (1741) Slave lawsSlave laws
Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics► MercantilismMercantilism
Colonies for the Colonies for the “Mother Country”“Mother Country”
► Acts of NavigationActs of Navigation Trade on English Trade on English
shipsships Imports pass English Imports pass English
portsports Exports to EnglandExports to England
► Molasses Act Molasses Act (1733)(1733)
► Triangular TradeTriangular Trade Middle PassageMiddle Passage
Colonial EconomicsColonial Economics► MoneyMoney
Commodity money (gold/silver)Commodity money (gold/silver) Fiat money (paper currency)Fiat money (paper currency)
► TransportationTransportation Rivers and coastsRivers and coasts Horse and carriageHorse and carriage Taverns and postal servicesTaverns and postal services
► New EnglandNew England Shipbuilding and manufacturingShipbuilding and manufacturing LumberLumber Fishing and whalingFishing and whaling Merchants/TradeMerchants/Trade
► Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies Wheat and cornWheat and corn LumberLumber ManufacturingManufacturing Merchants/TradeMerchants/Trade
► Southern ColoniesSouthern Colonies Plantation systemsPlantation systems
► Tobacco, rice, indigoTobacco, rice, indigo Forced laborForced labor
► Indentured servants and slavesIndentured servants and slaves
PUROPOSE DATE FOUNDER MAJOR EXPORT
VIRGINIA commercial 1607 Virginia CompanyJohn Smith
Tobacco
PLYMOUTH/MASSACHUSETTS
Religious refuge/commercial
1620/1628
William Bradford/Massachusetts Bay CompanyJohn Winthrop
Grain, timber
NEW YORK commercial 1613 (1664) Peter Stuveysant(Duke of York)
Furs, grain
NEW HAMPSHIRE commercial 1623 John Mason Timber, naval stores
RHODE ISLAND Religious refuge 1636 Roger Williams Grain
CONNECTICUT expansion 1635 Thomas Hooker Grain
PENNSYLVANIA Religious refuge 1681 William Penn - Quakers
Grain
DELAWARE commercial 1638 (1681) Peter Minuit/William Penn
Grain
MARYLAND Religious refuge 1634 Lord Baltimore - Catholics
Tobacco
NORTH CAROLINA commercial 1663 Anthony Cooper Tobacco, timber, naval stores
SOUTH CAROLINA commercial 1663 Anthony Cooper Rice, indigo, naval stores
GEORGIA Buffer, experiment 1733 James Oglethorpe Rice, timber, naval stores
() - Becomes an English colony