english colonization: new england v. virginia. causes for english colonization fall of spanish...
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English Colonization: English Colonization: New England v. VirginiaNew England v. Virginia
Causes for English ColonizationCauses for English Colonization
Fall of Spanish Armada in 1588 Fall of Spanish Armada in 1588 opens North Atlantic to English opens North Atlantic to English expansionexpansion
Changes in English economyChanges in English economy– Rise of merchant classRise of merchant class– Joint-stock companiesJoint-stock companies– Surplus population in citiesSurplus population in cities
Causes for English ColonizationCauses for English Colonization
Protestant ReformationProtestant Reformation– Anti-”Popish” believers (Puritans) felt Anti-”Popish” believers (Puritans) felt
that the Church of England was not that the Church of England was not Protestant enough in its beliefs and Protestant enough in its beliefs and practicespractices
– Persecution of Puritans, and Quakers led Persecution of Puritans, and Quakers led to conflict with religious and political to conflict with religious and political authoritiesauthorities
Jamestown and VirginiaJamestown and Virginia
The Virginia Company received The Virginia Company received charter from King James I in 1607charter from King James I in 1607
GoalsGoals– Gold and wealthGold and wealth– Convert Indians to ChristianityConvert Indians to Christianity– Find a passage to the IndiesFind a passage to the Indies
John Smith’s Map of VirginiaJohn Smith’s Map of Virginia
Jamestown and VirginiaJamestown and Virginia
Early group suffered from laziness, Early group suffered from laziness, starvation, and malariastarvation, and malaria
Saved by leadership of John Smith Saved by leadership of John Smith and tobacco planter John Rolfeand tobacco planter John Rolfe
Legend of Pocahontas (Matoaka)Legend of Pocahontas (Matoaka)
Portraits of PocahontasPortraits of Pocahontas
Jamestown Wattle and Daub houseJamestown Wattle and Daub house
TobaccoTobacco
Brought capital and workers to Brought capital and workers to VirginiaVirginia
ProblemsProblems– Chained prosperity of Virginia to one Chained prosperity of Virginia to one
cropcrop– Exhausted the soilExhausted the soil– Promoted large-acreage plantations Promoted large-acreage plantations
which needed large amounts of cheap which needed large amounts of cheap laborlabor
Contributions of early VirginiaContributions of early Virginia
Provided model for economic Provided model for economic investment in Americainvestment in America
First representative self-government First representative self-government (House of Burgesses)(House of Burgesses)
Demand for slaves (first slaves sold Demand for slaves (first slaves sold by Dutch to settlers in 1619)by Dutch to settlers in 1619)
Relationships with natives (good and Relationships with natives (good and bad)bad)
New England ColoniesNew England Colonies
Separatists (Pilgrims) arrived at Separatists (Pilgrims) arrived at Plymouth in 1620Plymouth in 1620– Mayflower Compact: first document of Mayflower Compact: first document of
self-government in Americaself-government in America– After difficult first winter (44 out of 102 After difficult first winter (44 out of 102
survived), survived under the leadership survived), survived under the leadership of Governor William Bradfordof Governor William Bradford
New England ColoniesNew England Colonies
Puritans settled Massachusetts Bay Puritans settled Massachusetts Bay in 1630 for religious reasons (Great in 1630 for religious reasons (Great Puritan Migration: 1629-1640)Puritan Migration: 1629-1640)
Middle classMiddle class Educated Educated Fur traders, fishermen, and Fur traders, fishermen, and
shipbuildersshipbuilders Bible Commonwealth: restricted to Bible Commonwealth: restricted to
male members of the Puritan churchmale members of the Puritan church