Reasons for English Colonization

By: Mr. Daniell

Economic Reasons• Mercantilism

More Economic Reasons

• High unemployment in England caused by landowners who forced tenant farmers off the land

• Promise of gold to increase England’s wealth• Indentured servants – young, unskilled

workers who exchanged their labor for a period of time, usually three to seven years, for passage, room, and board in America for a better life

Jamestown(Example of Economic Reason for Colonization)• 1607 - Jamestown founded in Virginia; first permanent English settlement in North America.

http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos#life-in-jamestown

Jamestown

• Reason for settlement: –King James I granted a charter to a group of

London entrepreneurs, the Virginia Company, to settle Virginia, find gold, and seek a water route to the east

Jamestown

• Early hardships: – Hot climate was not conducive to the growth of

the plants they had brought from England (farming)

– Swampy location of settlement caused health issues – polluted water, mosquitoes spreading disease (disease caused 80% of colonists to die)

– Attacks by the native Algonquian Indians made life almost impossible

Jamestown• John Smith – leader of

Jamestown established rigid discipline, strengthened defenses, and encouraged farming with this admonishment: "He who does not work, will not eat."; because of his strong leadership, the settlement survived and grew

Captain John Smith

Jamestown

• Pocahontas - daughter of Powhatan, the powerful chief of the Algonquian Indians in the Tidewater region of Virginia near Jamestown who helped the colonists received food from the Indian; vital link between colonists and Native Americans

http://www.history.com/topics/jamestown/videos#pocahontas

Jamestown• John Rolfe – developed cash crop of tobacco at

Jamestown that saved the colony (the ability to grow tobacco made land especially valuable, causing a significant population growth); married Pocahontas

Jamestown

• House of Burgesses was the first representative assembly in the American colonies.

• (Burgesses means elected officials.)

Jamestown• Bacon’s Rebellion (The

Background)– Bacon led a group of

frontier settlers in a rebellion against the Governor of Jamestown. They were mad about high taxes and no protection from the Native Americans.

– They took control of the House of Burgesses and burned Jamestown to the ground.

Jamestown

• Bacon’s Rebellion (The Result)– Bacon died from illness, his followers were

hanged.– BUT, the House of Burgesses passed laws so that a

royal governor could not have that much power again.

– Showed that colonists WILL fight for rights.

Political Reasons for Colonization• Search for the

Northwest Passage to India in order to compete with Spain and Portugal

• Acquisition of territory to add to empire

• Buffer against Spanish colonies in America

Social Reasons for Colonization

• Freedom from religious persecution • Protection of culture

Plymouth

• Plymouth Colony (example of social reason- religious freedom)

• 1620 – arrival of the Pilgrims in Plymouth and the signing of the Mayflower Compact

http://www.history.com/topics/thirteen-colonies/videos#the-mayflower

Puritans & Pilgrims

• Separatists—Protestant group that cut all ties with the Church of England & developed their own churches

• Pilgrims: a group of Separatists

Puritans & Pilgrims

• 1608: Pilgrims escape to Netherlands to freely practice

religion

Puritans & Pilgrims

• Immigrants—people who leave their original country to live in another country

• Pilgrims unhappy in Netherlands

• Formed a joint-stock company & returned to England

Plymouth

• •Reason for settlement: Pilgrims fled religious persecution in England; after a decade in Holland, came to America in order to worship freely

Plymouth• Mayflower Compact

– Signed by the men on the Mayflower, an agreement that established self-government and gave the leaders the power to enact laws for the good of the colony.

The Founding of Plymouth• Mayflower

Compact written because colonists landed too far away from Virginia to be ruled by its government.

Original Mayflower Compact

The Founding of Plymouth

• Mayflower Compact—documents creating a new political society signed by the PilgrimsSigning the Mayflower

Compact

The Founding of Plymouth

• Pilgrims land in present-day Massachusetts in late 1620

The Pilgrim Community

• Women had more rights in the Plymouth Colony than they had in England:

–Make Contracts–Own property–Bring cases before court

Plymouth

• Early hardships: During the first winter in the New World, the colonists suffered greatly from disease, lack of shelter and general conditions onboard ship; 45 of the 102 emigrants died the first winter

Plymouth• William Bradford -

Leader of Pilgrims

Pilgrims & American Indians

• March 1621: Indian walks into Pilgrim community speaking English

• Pilgrims meet Squanto

• Indians use Pilgrims in internal tribal struggle for power

Samoset walking into Pilgrim community

Plymouth• Squanto – created

peace between the Native Americans and Pilgrims and taught the Pilgrims how to hunt and farm

Massachusetts Bay Colony• The Puritans come to

America fleeing religious persecution.

• Puritans create a community bound by common interest and law.

• They wanted to “purify” the Church of England Puritans land at Plymouth

Rock

http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/D36FFC29-BC97-45F2-AFA7-74ACBE2ED5C8

Puritans

• Governor of Massachusetts Bay colony was John Winthrop.

• Established economy as a “common wealth”, meaning people work together for the good of the whole community.

Puritans

• Held “town meetings” (a form of self government in which they made laws)

• “New England Way” was a term used to describe the beliefs of their society.

Puritans

• Some Puritans moved to Connecticut and set up a form of representative government called the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut.

Puritans

• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was the first written constitution in the colonies.

• It gave voting rights to non church members and limited the power of the governor.

Puritans

• Puritans were centered around church.

• Salem Witch Trials

Colonial Self-Government

• In the absence of royal authority the colonies became accustomed to self-governance.

• The Virginia House of Burgesses was the first elected representative legislature among the colonies.

• The Fundamental Orders of Connecticut was the first written constitution for a colony.

Independent Government

French and Indian War• Rivalry between

Britain and France over the Ohio River Valley led to a world-wide conflict. The War ended with the Treaty of Paris in 1763. France loses all of its North American territory.

British advance on Indians in war.

Review Questions

• What motivated the explorers?• Why were the colonies settled?• How did the colonies develop self

government?• What motivated the war between Britain and

France?