COLONIZATIONPERIOD 2.1 Spain, France, Dutch, English

2.1- DIFFERENCES BETWEEN EUROPEAN COLONIZATION

• Big Ideas:

• What were the similarities and differences in colonization done by the Spanish, French, English, and Dutch?

• What was the interaction like between the Natives and these Countries?

• Why did Slavery evolve in these colonies?

• How and why did geography and climate play a role in the development of the English Colonies?

SPAIN- A LITTLE REVIEW

• How does this image represent colonization goals of Spain? Be specific.

SPAIN• When- 1520’s

• Why?- Gold, Glory and Gold (mainly Gold)

• Who- Missionaries (California), Conquistadors

• Spanish had limited number of people ruling over natives.

• DID NOT PRACTICE HOME RULE- HAD VICEROYS!!!

• Lets not forget about encomienda!!!!

• Treaty of Tordesilla- 1492- allows for Spanish to have monopoly over Western Hemisphere.

FRENCH AND DUTCH COLONIES• The French and Dutch had good relations with Natives

• Sent few members of their Country to New World

• French (1608)- no motivation-Religious Freedom (Huguenots) ? Agriculture? Gold?

• courier des bois- runner of the woods- great traders with the Natives. Built extensive trade routes **wanted Fur***

• No HOME RULE!!!

• Dutch- Created by Dutch West India Trading Co. (Joint Stock) • Set up New Amsterdam (Later NYC)

• Denied Religious freedom, freedom of speech, and democratic principles

• Began to build patroonships- feudal society. (50 acres)

• Created to Make Money!!!!quick fur trade money

• Built extensive trade route

• NO HOME RULE!!!!!!

INTRODUCTION OF THE QUAKERS

• Also known as the Society of Friends

Characteristics:

1. Pacifist

2. No Taxes to the Church

3. No oaths to the Church

4. No Civil or Religious Authority

5. Great Relations with Natives

6. Religious Freedom

7. Defied Authority.

8. #GANGSTER

ENGLAND COLONIZATION#HOLDON

When: 1588

Why?-

1. Elizabeth I- Unification

2. Religious wars are over (King Henry split from catholic church- tensions with Spain)

3. Defeat of the Spanish Armada (1588)

4. Economics and Population are increasing

• Primogeniture- oldest son inherits the land

• Enclosure movement-Landed Gentry closes off land peasants kicked off (3/4 of population)

A LITTLE MORE ENGLAND • Who is coming over?

• Gentry- Own Joint stock company

• For Prosperity (Jamestown)

• Indentured Servants

• Work and Home-England is overcrowded

• Contract workers whose journey is paid for by Gentry.

• Jews Quakers, Puritans, Catholics, Pilgrims-

• Religious Freedom

• Accepted immigrants and sexes from all countries

• Colonies Based on Agriculture (even in New England)

• ***Tobacco***

• Head right system (Chesapeake)- every Indentured Servant =50 acres.

• **leads to development of Plantation system***

ALLOWED HOME RULE******

We will disccuss this more later

2.1-2- DIFFERENCE BETWEEN ENGLISH COLONIES

• Chesapeake (Maryland and VA) and North Carolina (split from SC in 1712)

• Relied heavily on tobacco (Introduced by John Rolfe) – plantations developed – long work days and growing seasons

• Exhausted land – Soil Butchery= need for more land= conflict with Natives

• Up to the late 17th century, most labor was made up of indentured servants= Head write system

• Shifts to slaves after Bacons Rebellion (1676)- we will discuss this more later bro!!!

• New England Colonies:

• Established by Puritans (wanted to Purify the Anglican Church)

• Developed small tight nit communities because of John Winthrop’s “City on a hill”- Protestant work ethic!

• Est. in 1620, Great Puritan Migration- 1630.

• Mixed economy of agriculture and commerce= Rocks = need for trade and commerce.

• Theology based- blue laws, no separation of church and state!!!!

WHO ARE THE PURITANS?#ABRIEFHISTORY

• 1517-Martin Luther writes his 95 thesis nails it to the Catholic Church

• **Begins the Protestant Reformation**- Salvation from bible only.

• 1536- John Calvin writes the Institute of Christian Religion establishing Calvinism:

1. God is all powerful and all knowing

2. Humans are weak and evil due to original sin

3. **Predestination**-God has decided your fate at the moment of creation

1. Visible saints (elect) have demonstrated they have undergone a conversion experience.

1. Will control all aspects of Puritan life

4. Good works do NOT = heaven

5. One must live a holy life after a conversion experience

6. Only source of Goods truth is the Bible not pope or priests

• 1608- Left England and went to the Netherlands

• 1620- Land at Plymouth- Sign Mayflower Compact-

• Agreement among the Puritans to abide by laws set by majority rules

• Establishes self government *******

• Article of Puritan influence in American

MIDDLE COLONIES#THEBREADBASKET

• Most diverse- ethically, economically, religiously tolerant, culturally.

• Economy based on Wheat production.

• William Penn- Founder of Pennsylvania (safe heaven for Quakers)

• Woman had more rights in PENN.

• Becomes Trading Hub (Philadelphia, New York)

• Immigrants From Germany (Penn-Dutch) and Scot-Irish (Paxton Boys rebellion 1763)

•

SOUTHERN AND WEST INDIES

• South Carolina and Georgia relied heavily on rice cultivation

• Indentured Servants refused to work the fields for 2 reasons:

1. Rice is tough backbreaking labor

2. Horrible conditions- swampy, humid, hot, horrible climate =leads to shorter life

• Leads to African Slavery.

• Huge Aristocracy society- implemented the Barbados Slave Codes.

• West Indies- Sugar Cultivation (rich mans Crop)

• Larger owners came into Barbados and kicked the small land owners out leading to colonization of South Carolina

• Created slave codes due to slaves being the majority of population.

DEMOCRATIC SELF GOVERNMENT IN THE ENGLISH COLONIES

#HOMERULE• Causes:

1. Separation and Distance, eventually all become Royal Colonies- Guaranteed the same rights as Englishmen (Jamestown Charter)

2. Mostly Left alone- Salutary Neglect (hands off approach)

• Examples of Self-Government:

• New England

• Mayflower compact 1620=development of Town meetings- elected legislatures (the greatest form of democracy)

• White, landowners who were elect could vote.

• Southern:

• House of Burgesses 1619- 1st form of representative government in the colonies

• Mostly ran by the wealthy plantation owners.

COMPETITION AND A NEW ECONOMY

• 2.1-3“Competition over resources between European rivals and American Indians encouraged industry and trade and led to conflict in the Americas.” –

• A) Atlantic economy: leads to triangle trade.

• Exchange of goods, African Americans, and Native Americans between Europe, Africa, and the Americas

• European colonies focused on producing goods to Europe (Mercantilism) leads to salutary neglect

• Goods that were valued in Europe were exported from the colonies (fur, tobacco, etc.)

• New sources of labor -> Native American labor, indentured servants, and African slave labor

• B) Impacts of trade on Natives:

• Cultural changes – Natives lost land, many Europeans sought to assimilate them

• Economic changes – Land was lost and altered by Europeans

• Demographic changes – drastic decrease in population due 3 d’s

• disease (smallpox was the worst), disorganization (since they were not united, the whites could fight one tribe at a time), and disposability (since the whites had no use for Indians, they were simply pushed out).

INTERACTIONS WITH NATIVES• Interaction fostered accommodation and conflict for the Natives.

• Competition over fire arms leads to more conflict between native groups and befriending European powers.

• Fleeing groups joined others creating assimilation and increased population.

• While the other countries lived together with the Natives, England wanted separation.

• Eventually need the land and begin massive conflicts

• South:

• Anglo-Powhatan War -1610

• 2nd Anglo Powhatan War- 1644 Pushed out of VA

• Bacons Rebellion -1676

• NORTH:

• Pequot War 1637– New England very violent over land.

• King Philips War- After this Natives not much of a threat in New England.