combining pit tags with scale reading to better understand the life history of snake river fall...
TRANSCRIPT
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Combining PIT Tags with Scale Reading to Better Understand the
Life History of Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon
Douglas Marsh and William Muir - NOAA Fisheries
Dr. William Connor - US Fish and Wildlife Service
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Background – The early years
• Mid to late 1990’s– USFWS & NOAA
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Background – The early years
• Mid to late 1990’s– USFWS & NOAA– Production fish behavior different from natural fish
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Background – The early years
• Mid to late 1990’s– USFWS & NOAA– Production fish behavior different from natural fish– Small hatchery fish (~70mm) performed much like
natural fish (surrogate-size)
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Background – The early years
• Mid to late 1990’s– USFWS & NOAA– Production fish behavior different from natural fish– Small hatchery fish (~70mm) performed much like
natural fish (surrogate-size)– 1998 – USFWS began collecting adults at LGR for
scales
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Background – The age of expansion
• Early to Mid-2000’s– 2001-2004 NOAA transport studies conducted
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Background – The age of expansion
• Early to Mid-2000’s– 2001-2004 NOAA transport studies conducted– Attempted to use surrogate-sized hatchery fish
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Background – The age of expansion
• Early to Mid-2000’s– 2001-2004 NOAA transport studies conducted– Attempted to use surrogate-sized hatchery fish– Tag numbers ranged from 50-100,000 per year
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Background – The age of expansion
• Early to Mid-2000’s– 2001-2004 NOAA transport studies conducted– Attempted to use surrogate-sized hatchery fish– Tag numbers ranged from 50-100,000 per year– 2004 - No hatchery fish available, tagged at LGR
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Background – The age of expansion
• Early to Mid-2000’s– 2001-2004 NOAA transport studies conducted– Attempted to use surrogate-sized hatchery fish– Tag numbers ranged from 50-100,000 per year– 2004 - No hatchery fish available, tagged at LGR– Connor et al. showed a more complicated life history
than expected
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Background – The age of expansion
• Early to Mid-2000’s– 2001-2004 NOAA transport studies conducted– Attempted to use surrogate-sized hatchery fish– Tag numbers ranged from 50-100,000 per year– 2004 - No hatchery fish available, tagged at LGR– Connor et al. showed a more complicated life history
than expected– 2005 - NOAA joined with USFWS in the scale
sampling effort and in transport evaluations
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Number of juvenile tag codes in SbyC database
• 2005
307,663• 2006
454,972• 2007
936,854• 2008
849,337• 2009
1,416,344• 2010
1,942,691• 2011
2,202,585
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2009 – Targeted 1,416,344 NOAA, USFWS, & NPT
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Determine age-at-ocean-entry
Scales read byWashington
Department of Fishand Wildlife
S 0.1…SRR 1.2…RR 1.0…
Scales
#123A
09/25/07
3D9.1BF234E5FA
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Juvenile detection
historyAge at ocean
entry
Life History
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Age-at-Ocean-Entry by Return Year
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Summer
Fall Spring Summer
Fall Winter Spring Un-known
Fall-T -
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Age-0Age-1
Pe
rce
nt
of
tota
l
Transport Migrant
Age-at-Ocean-Entry by Migration path
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Age-at-Ocean-Entry by Migration path and River
Summer
Fall Spring Summer
Fall Winter Spring Unk Summer
Fall Spring Summer
Fall Winter Spring Unk -
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
Age-0
Age-1
Pe
rce
nt
of
tota
l
Transport MigrantTransport MigrantSnake River Clearwater River
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Migration timing vs. Return rate (SAR)
Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Holdovers0
10
20
30
40
50
60
0
1
2
3
4
5Juveniles
SAR
Last observation
Perc
en
t o
f M
igra
nts
SA
R
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Adult age class distribution vs. Age-of-Ocean-Entry
1 2 3 4 50.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
45.0
50.0
Age-0Age-1
Adult age (Brood Year)
Pe
rce
nt
of
tota
l re
turn
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Adult length vs. Age-of-Ocean-Entry
1 2 3 4 50
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1,000
Age-0
Age-1
Adult age (Brood Year)
Fo
rkle
ng
th (
mm
)
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• Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon employ a wide range of juvenile life histories
Conclusions
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• Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon employ a wide range of juvenile life histories– Ocean-type salmonids typically enter the ocean as
subyearlings; can take a year
Conclusions
![Page 28: Combining PIT Tags with Scale Reading to Better Understand the Life History of Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon Douglas Marsh and William Muir - NOAA Fisheries](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102911/56649dd35503460f94ac9b8a/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
• Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon employ a wide range of juvenile life histories– Ocean-type salmonids typically enter the ocean as
subyearlings; can take a year– Summer passage - > 90% age-0 ocean entry
Conclusions
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• Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon employ a wide range of juvenile life histories– Ocean-type salmonids typically enter the ocean as
subyearlings; can take a year– Summer passage - > 90% age-0 ocean entry– Fall passage - >80% age-1 ocean entry
Conclusions
![Page 30: Combining PIT Tags with Scale Reading to Better Understand the Life History of Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon Douglas Marsh and William Muir - NOAA Fisheries](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102911/56649dd35503460f94ac9b8a/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon employ a wide range of juvenile life histories– Ocean-type salmonids typically enter the ocean as
subyearlings; can take a year– Summer passage - > 90% age-0 ocean entry– Fall passage - >80% age-1 ocean entry– Passage after October - 100% age-1 ocean entry
Conclusions
![Page 31: Combining PIT Tags with Scale Reading to Better Understand the Life History of Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon Douglas Marsh and William Muir - NOAA Fisheries](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102911/56649dd35503460f94ac9b8a/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
• Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon employ a wide range of juvenile life histories– Ocean-type salmonids typically enter the ocean as
subyearlings; can take a year– Summer passage - > 90% age-0 ocean entry– Fall passage - >80% age-1 ocean entry– Passage after October - 100% age-1 ocean entry
• Snake and Clearwater similar except for never detected fish
Conclusions
![Page 32: Combining PIT Tags with Scale Reading to Better Understand the Life History of Snake River Fall Chinook Salmon Douglas Marsh and William Muir - NOAA Fisheries](https://reader038.vdocument.in/reader038/viewer/2022102911/56649dd35503460f94ac9b8a/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
• The later a fish outmigrates, the higher the SAR
Conclusions (cont.)
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• The later a fish outmigrates, the higher the SAR• Age-at-ocean entry affects adult characteristics
(based on brood year)
Conclusions (cont.)
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• The later a fish outmigrates, the higher the SAR• Age-at-ocean entry affects adult characteristics
(based on brood year)– Adult age class distribution – Age-1 adults tend to be
older
Conclusions (cont.)
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• The later a fish outmigrates, the higher the SAR• Age-at-ocean entry affects adult characteristics
(based on brood year)– Adult age class distribution – Age-1 adults tend to be
older– Adult size at return – Age-1 adults are smaller
Conclusions (cont.)
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