commanding infrastructure - department of computer ... · conclusions three questions in us...

Commanding Infrastructure v. 2012

IB 8710/CIS 8220 – Day 2

CIS 8220 / IB 8710 International Information Technology Issues and Policy Copyright © Dr. Duane Truex, 2011

1

Power of Ideas   What themes were apparent in the materials for tonight?

  In Commanding heights?   Between readings?

  An Infrastructure is?

  The power of Infrastructure is…?

CIS 8220 / IB 8710 International Information Technology Issues and Policy Copyright © Dr. Duane Truex, 2011 2

Themes   National economic,

social and political histories and contexts   US   England   Germany   France   Italy   India   China

•  Match these:

•  Control •  Inflation •  Unemployment •  Planning •  Colonial rule •  Rationality of

science (economics = physics)

•  Historical materialism (inevitability)

•  Market failure •  Scientific socialism •  Compassionate

capitalism

•  Eras –  1890’s –  1900’s –  1910’2 –  1920’s –  1930’s –  1940’s –  1950’s –  1960’s –  1970’s –  1980’s –  1990’s –  2000’s


An Infrastructure is?   Basic facilities, services and installations needed to

sustain, maintain and aid the function of a system. This includes social systems such as communities, business or nations.   Includes: electrical, water, communications,

transportation, command and control, public services and emergency systems

  Often interlocked, interdependent and tightly coupled


The Power of Infrastructure (or lack thereof is…

  Greater the economic development   The larger and more complex the infrastructural systems

become   And…?



Internet future: an invisible global infrastructure?

Kleinrock’s (et al) goals. An internet broken into five elements

1.  Internet technology will be available everywhere

2.  It will be always accessible

3.  It will be always on

4.  Anyone will be able to plug in from any location with any device at any time

5.  It will be invisible

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The Invisible Global Infrastructure



Mistakes to be corrected   #4 any location

  We are nomads   The old vision was a fixed ‘desktop’   Reality is mobile ubiquitous devices

  #5- Invisibility   The notion of the technologies disappearing into the

infrastructure (like electricity)   Reality: I/O interfaces are still ‘in our face’

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Nomadicity (nomadic computing and communications)

  System support needed to provide a rich set of capabilities and serves to the ‘nomad’

  Convergence of telephony and computing

  Portability is quite relative

  Huge variation in equipment/devices   Needs to be at home in foreign environments

  Self awareness, locational awareness, self configuration   Huge variability in connections

  Wi-fi, wired, Wi-max, satallite, cell, gigabite, ultrawide…

  The system needs to automatically adjust, greater dynamics   The illusion of nomadicity even when NOT connected?

9

And then came….


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Embeddedness (embedded technology)

  Smart spaces and smart appliances

  In appliances, the walls, clothing, eyeglasses, cars and bicycles, rooms, beds, watches, belts, and even….our body!   RFID is but the tip of the iceberg   Swipe cards, digital cash   The whole of our physical environment


Ubiquity (ubiquitous access)

  Internet service available anywhere and anytime globally   Huge expense in building the back bone and delivering the “last

mile”   Wireless address some of the last mile problem


The Invisible Global Infrastructure


Distributed Intelligence   Adaptive intelligent software or machine agents on the

network decide   How, what, what format to send say images

  E.g., Colour hi-resolution or B/W low-resolution?


Understanding Infrastructures “to stimulate thought in pursuit of truth”*

John Hupp January 2008

CIS Department Robinson College of Business

* Brand Blanchard


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Topics   The Challenge of Definition

  Problems with Infrastructure Knowledge

  Major Classes of Infrastructures

  The Big Three – The Core of All Infrastructures

  Infrastructure Interrelationships

  Infrastructures and Creative Destruction

  Applying Our Lack of Knowledge - Globalization


The Challenge of Definition   Definitions

  Wiki Dictionary:   An underlying base or foundation especially for an

organization or system   The basic facilities, services and installations needed for

the functioning of a community or society

  OED:   A collective term for the subordinate parts of an

undertaking; substructure, foundation

  What’s In and What’s Out   In – assets, resources, services, systems, processes…   Out – people, products…


Problems with Infrastructure Knowledge

  Lack of Agreement on a Framework of Understanding   No Taxonomy   No measurable criteria for qualitative & quantitative evaluations

  Lack of Integration Among Differing Infrastructures   Little research on the relationships among infrastructures   Interoperability among differing infrastructure types

  E.g. Healthcare and Education not integrated   E.g. Environmental and Civil often conflict

  Lack of Understanding of Relationships   Creates vulnerabilities and security issues   Conflict of priorities and systems enables breakdowns   Relational dependencies may be ignored or missed

  Lack of Unified Coordination and Management   Creates variances that obstruct or damage others   Inhibits planning and standardization


Major Classes of Infrastructures   Core

  Social   Political   Economic

  Enablers   ITC   Healthcare   Civil   Education   …

  Leisure   Entertainment   Parks & Forests   …

III. Leisure II. Enablers

I. Core

Family

Tribe/Clan

City/State

Nation

Globe


The Big Three – The Core of All Infrastructures

  Purpose: to create & distribute   Social: values   Political: power   Economic: wealth

  Quick Tests of Maturity   Social: unified identity   Political: loyal dissent   Economic: property rights

  Quick Performance Measures   Social: inclusivity   Political: individual rights   Economic: GDP & earnings/capita

  Continuous Evolution   Creative destruction*   Organic integration and

interdependence

Political Economic

Social

* Joseph Schumpeter


Infrastructure Interrelationships

  Full Mesh Integration   All Infrastructures

Depend Upon All Other Infrastructures

  The Core   Creates Potential   Enablers Improve the

Core

  Responsible Groups   From family to globe   Continuous interactions

  Relationships   Limit the Capabilities   Drive the Mesh   Enable Balance

Political Economic

Social

Healthcare Civil ITC Education

Environment Transport Energy Military


Infrastructures and Creative Destruction

  Definition:   Process of transformation that accompanies radical

innovation   Schumpeter - innovative entry by entrepreneurs is

  A force that sustains long-term economic growth…   As it destroys the value of established companies

  Infrastructure   Innovation sustains continuous growth and expansion

  ‘Lasers in the jungle’ effects   Cargo containers, stand-alone water plants, steel

production   Must destroy itself and re-invent itself continuously   Evolutionary capacity critical to sustainability


Applying Our Lack of Knowledge - Globalization

  Nation-Building   World history of winning the war and losing the game*   No unified global force for infrastructure

  Development – Innovation – Security – Deployment

  Continuous Innovation   Consumers & investors demand it – they have the

power   Globalization is the result not the cause   No zero-sum game

  Infrastructure Game   Control the platform; control the game   3 Choices: player, maker, or change the game   Infrastructure changes the game

* See “Charlie Wilson’s War”


Conclusions   Three Questions

  In US Presidential campaign   What are the top issues   How do they require infrastructure and which ones

  In Iraq   Evaluate the war in terms of infrastructure   How do we win   What is the mission

  What are your top 3 infrastructure innovations needed   What other infrastructures are required   How do these innovations affect the other infrastructures


commanding infrastructure - department of computer ... · conclusions three questions in us...

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