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Distribution: limited SHS/BIO/SSR/PI/2017/1 21 June 2017 Original: English/French COMMENTS SUBMITTED BY MEMBER STATES IN 2016 CONSULTATIONS FOR THE REVISION OF THE RECOMMENDATION ON THE STATUS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS (1974) SUMMARY The General Conference of UNESCO decided at its 37 th session in November 2013 (37 C/Resolution 40) that the Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers (1974) should be revised to reflect the contemporary ethical and regulatory challenges relating to the governance of science and science-society relationship, taking account, inter alia, of the Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge adopted by the World Conference on Science on 1 July 1999 and the 2005 UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, in order to provide a powerful and relevant statement of science ethics as the basis for science policies that would favour the creation of an institutional order conducive to the realization of Article 27, paragraph 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. In accordance with Article 10, paragraph 3, of the “Rules of Procedure concerning recommendations to Member States and international conventions covered by the terms of Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution”, the Director-General circulated to all Member States a first report including a first draft text, to launch a consultation with Member States, This consultation by written procedure took place between September and December 2016. The comments of the forty-seven Member States that replied were excerpted from their letters so as to become part of a working document, in which each comment is collated against relevant paragraphs of the original Recommendation and the draft as it appeared the Director-General’s first report. The table herein reproduces this working document, which was used in a careful review exercise conducted by an intersectoral group within the Secretariat between January and March 2017. On the basis of this exercise, the Director-General prepared a final report on the revision including a (revised) draft text. Her final report was published (SHS/BIO/SSR/2017/1) and circulated to Member States. The table herein is published for public information.

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Page 1: Comments submitted by Member States in 2016 …unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0025/002504/250447m.pdf · Le texte intègre aussi les notions d’innovation et de transfert et il prend

Distribution: limited

SHS/BIO/SSR/PI/2017/1 21 June 2017

Original: English/French

COMMENTS SUBMITTED BY MEMBER STATES IN 2016 CONSULTATIONS FOR THE REVISION OF THE RECOMMENDATION ON THE STATUS OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHERS (1974)

SUMMARY

The General Conference of UNESCO decided at its 37th session in November 2013 (37 C/Resolution 40) that the Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers (1974) should be revised to reflect the contemporary ethical and regulatory challenges relating to the governance of science and science-society relationship, taking account, inter alia, of the Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge adopted by the World Conference on Science on 1 July 1999 and the 2005 UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, in order to provide a powerful and relevant statement of science ethics as the basis for science policies that would favour the creation of an institutional order conducive to the realization of Article 27, paragraph 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.

In accordance with Article 10, paragraph 3, of the “Rules of Procedure concerning recommendations to Member States and international conventions covered by the terms of Article IV, paragraph 4, of the Constitution”, the Director-General circulated to all Member States a first report including a first draft text, to launch a consultation with Member States, This consultation by written procedure took place between September and December 2016.

The comments of the forty-seven Member States that replied were excerpted from their letters so as to become part of a working document, in which each comment is collated against relevant paragraphs of the original Recommendation and the draft as it appeared the Director-General’s first report. The table herein reproduces this working document, which was used in a careful review exercise conducted by an intersectoral group within the Secretariat between January and March 2017.

On the basis of this exercise, the Director-General prepared a final report on the revision including a (revised) draft text. Her final report was published (SHS/BIO/SSR/2017/1) and circulated to Member States.

The table herein is published for public information.

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

Preparing the revision of the UNESCO Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers (1974): Table collating the Member States’ comments and observations as received against the text and draft text

Recommendation on the Status of Scientific Researchers 2asas of 3as

ORIGINAL TEXT DRAFT TEXT COMMENTS

Recommendation on the Status of

Scientific Researchers

(1974)

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1. Consider changing the title, to allow for a wider scope that goes beyond scientific researchers alone comprising the entire science system. The term ‘status’ is out-of-date and has a different connotation now compared to 1974. Suggested alternatives:

• ‘Recommendation on the conditions of well-performing science’ • Follow the UK suggestion: ‘Recommendation on an ethical

framework for research’

2. Other more general suggestions would be to aim to make a text that

• Is more concise and hence more powerful • Has a wider scope addressing the science policy and research

system in general rather than scientific researchers alone • Puts scientific integrity, the pursuit of scientific freedom and data

sharing and Open Access to scientific information centre stage as the principal priorities of this recommendation

• Has a clear added value as UN Recommendation addressing the ideals of the UN, compared to other international and national guidelines and regulator

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Title: The current title does not communicate effectively in English and does not accurately reflect the purpose or content of the Recommendation. This can hamper the ability of Member States and the research community to promote and engage with the Recommendation. We believe the focus of the recommendation should be on establishing an ethical framework that underpins scientific research in all its guises and this should be reflected in the title. An alternative suggestion would be:

Recommendation on an ethical framework for scientific research

Other more general suggestions: xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Le nouveau texte est bien adapté à la situation des chercheurs scientifiques actuels de notre pays, particulièrement aux chercheurs universitaires. Il intègre les notions concernant l’éthique de la recherche, les droits d’auteur, la liberté de recherche, l’intégrité des chercheurs, la science ouverte et le libre accès, le partage et la protection des données, la participation et la consultation des chercheurs lors de l’élaboration des politiques de recherche. Le texte intègre aussi les notions d’innovation et de transfert et il prend en compte toutes les questions touchant à l’égalité des sexes et à la non-discrimination des groupes minoritaires.

Preamble xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

1. Human rights: explicit reference to the specific rights of researchers including the freedom of expression, movement, mobility, association

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

in reference to the Convention [preamble]. In our opinion, [this issue] need stronger emphasis in the text, as these highlight the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved.

2. Suggestions to revise the preamble • The way science is practiced has changed substantially over the

past years. Its increasingly interdisciplinary character, the involvement of human beings and animals, the involvement of citizens in science, co-creation of knowledge, e-science, the impact of ICT on the way we practice science – all of this could be addressed in the preamble to provide context.

• Refer to the human right to information and the human right ‘to enjoy the benefits of scientific progress’ (as mentioned in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights) relating to the pursuit of freedom of scientific research and the relevance of open access to meeting this right.

• Emphasise that this Recommendation has a clear added value as UN Recommendation addressing the ideals of the UN, compared to other international and national guidelines and regulatory frameworks on science and science ethics.

• With the emergence of non-scientific actors in generating, holding and sharing data (such as Google, Apple, insurance companies, health care providers etc.) we recognise that it is necessary to make a more profound distinction between scientific and non-scientific data. We recommend to include a note in the preamble that this Recommendation concerns scientific data and research, and therefore does not include all forms of data.

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Preamble: UNESCO should consider clarifying the purpose of the Recommendation by opening with a clear statement of the ethical principles that should underpin research, drawing on the 1999 Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge and the 2005 Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. A statement of principle on the following lines could be inserted:

Believing that research should be at the service of humanity as a whole, and should contribute to providing everyone with a deeper understanding of nature and society, a better quality of life and a sustainable and healthy environment for present and future generations, this Recommendation provides a universal framework of principles and procedures to guide UNESCO Member States in the formulation of their legislation, policies or other instruments in the field of research ethics; and to guide the actions of individuals, groups, communities, institutions and corporations, public and private, who are involved in scientific research.

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In the Preamble paragraphs, under the one beginning “Persuaded that. . .”, replace “man and” with human beings, other sentient creatures and their environment.

In addition, reference should be made in the preamble to support the role of scientists in assisting UN Member States in achieving the 17 sustainable development goals.

1(a)(i) I. Scope of application

1. For the purposes of this revised recommendation:

(a) (i) The word ‘science’ signifies the enterprise whereby humankind, acting individually or in small or large groups, makes an organized attempt, by means of the objective study of observed phenomena and its validation through sharing of findings and data and through peer review, to discover and

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(a)(i) The word ‘science’ signifies the enterprise whereby humankind, acting individually or in small or large groups, makes an organized attempt, by means of the objective study of observed phenomena and its validation through sharing of findings and data and through peer review, to discover and master the chain of causalities; brings together in a co-ordinated form the resultant subsystems of knowledge by means of systematic reflection and conceptualization, often largely expressed in the symbols of mathematics; and thereby furnishes itself with the opportunity of using, to its own advantage, understanding of the processes and phenomena occurring in nature and society;

master the chain of causalities; brings together in a co-ordinated form the resultant subsystems of knowledge by means of systematic reflection and conceptualization; and thereby furnishes itself with the opportunity of using, to its own advantage, the understanding of the processes and phenomena occurring in nature and society; xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Cette définition du mot « science » réfère à une vision des sciences pures. Cependant, la science est effectuée à l’aide de divers types de méthodologie propres aux sciences humaines et sociales, ainsi qu’aux arts et aux lettres qui diffèrent de celles des sciences pures. Il nous semble que cette pluralité n’est pas suffisamment mise en évidence dans le document et dans la présente définition.

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définitions qui ne font pas consensus dans la communauté scientifique (toute la section I sur le champ d’application de la recommandation).

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This definition is too confusing and includes elements that are best placed elsewhere. Suggest the following.

“The word ‘science’ signifies the process whereby humankind, acting individually or in groups seeks to understand the natural world, culture and society through the scientific method, that is, a systemic process of observation, inference and theory building. The resulting scientific knowledge is validated through the sharing of data, methodologies, and results and peer review. In this way, scientific knowledge is replicable, open to change and revision. The coordination of scientific knowledge results in subsystems of knowledge. Through the scientific process, humankind

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I. Champ d’application

1. Au sens de la présente recommandation révisée :

(a) (i) Le mot « science » désigne l'entreprise par laquelle l'hommel’être humain, agissant individuellement ou en groupes, petits ou grands, fait un effort organisé pour découvrir et maîtriser la chaîne des causalités au moyen de l'étude objective de phénomènes observés et sa validation par le biais du partage des résultats et des données et de l’évaluation par les pairs la chaîne des causalités ; rassemble les connaissances ainsi acquises, en les coordonnant, grâce à un effort systématique de réflexion et de conceptualisation , qui s'exprime souvent en grande partie sous forme de symboles mathématiques; et se donne ainsi la

furnishes itself with the opportunity of using scientific knowledge for the betterment of nature and the flourishing of society.

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La science est l’ensemble des connaissances acquises à partir d’observations objectives, vérifiables, reproductibles et, de raisonnements rigoureux.

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The word ‘science’ signifies the enterprise whereby people, acting individually or in groups, whether small or large, make an organized attempt, by means of the objective study of observed phenomena and validation of findings and data through peer review, to discover and master the chain of causalities which brings together in a coordinated form, the resultant subsystems of knowledge following systematic reflection and conceptualization and thereby furnishing the opportunity of using to advantage, the understanding of the processes and phenomena occurring in nature and society;

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We propose to replace the term « objective » with methodogical because the term objective is highly contested in the area of social sciences and humanities.

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The word ‘science’ signifies the enterprise whereby humankind, acting individually or in small or large groups, makes an organized attempt, by means of the objective study of observed phenomena and its validation through sharing of findings and data and through peer review, to discover

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

possibilité de tirer parti de la compréhension des processus et phénomènes qui se produisent dans la nature et dans la société.

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and master the chain of causalities; brings together in a co-ordinated form the resultant subsystems of knowledge by means of systematic reflection and conceptualization, often largely expressed in the symbols of mathematics; and thereby furnishes itself with the opportunity of using, to its own advantage, understanding of the processes and phenomena occurring in nature and society;

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Amend by adding “relations or interactions” (underlined above):

relations or interactions;

Argument: In “science” and in particular social science causalities chains of causalities are not always the goal, many times the goal can be to observe and learn about phenomena through looking at patterns of relations and interactions

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Delete 'the resultant' in order to accurately address a variety of epistemologies (not least in social sciences). At the moment the phrasing only addresses positivist approaches.

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Le mot « science » désigne l’activité intellectuelle et pratique engagée dans l’étude objective et systématique de l’estructure et comportement du monde physique, par le biais de l’observation et l’expérimentation.

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Le mot « science » désigne l'entreprise par laquelle l’être humain, agissant individuellement ou en groupes, petits ou grands, fait un effort organisé pour découvrir et maîtriser la chaîne des causalités au moyen de l'étude objective de phénomènes observés et sa validation par le biais du partage des résultats et des données et de l’évaluation par les pairs suite à l’observation de faits non concordants ; procède à une réévaluation de la théorie qui peut éventuellement faire changer de paradigme ; rassemble les connaissances ainsi acquises, en les coordonnant, grâce à un effort systématique de réflexion et de conceptualisation ; et se donne ainsi la possibilité de tirer parti de la compréhension des processus et phénomènes qui se produisent dans la nature et dans la société.

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Do not start the Recommendation with a set of definitions (Chapter I) – these could be moved to an annex while a concise convincing statement / summary should be the first paragraph of the text.

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A broader reference to the environment and not only humankind would be appropriate —for instance the reference to "responsibility towards future generations, and towards the earth, including all its ecosystems" (in 11(c)). It Is also suggested that the paragraph should be clearer.

1(a)(ii) 1(a)(ii) The expressionterm ‘the sciences’ signifies a complex of knowledge, fact and hypothesis, in which the theoretical element is normally capable of being

(ii) The term ‘the sciences’ signifies a complex of knowledge, fact and hypothesis, in which the theoretical element is capable of being validated in the short or long term, and to that extent includes the sciences concerned with formal developments, natural and social facts and phenomena;

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validated in the short or long term, and to that extent includes the sciences concerned with social facts and phenomena;

(ii) L'expression Le terme « les sciences » désigne un ensemble de connaissances, de faits et d'hypothèses pouvant faire l'objet de constructions théoriques normalement vérifiables à court ou à long terme ; elle englobe dans cette mesure les sciences ayant pour objet les faits et phénomènes sociaux.

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Les « sciences » ont comme dénominateur commun de réunir des disciplines de recherche.

Il nous semble ainsi que le mot « discipline » devrait apparaître dans la définition.

De plus, le syntagme « à court ou à long terme » ne semble pas apporter une précision importante à la définition. Nous suggérons de le retirer..

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1. Suggest a revision:

The term “the sciences” refers to the collective efforts of all disciplines and fields that apply scientific principles to arrive at knowledge, fact and understanding of natural, cultural or societal phenomena in which the theoretical elements are capable of being confirmed or disproven the short or long term

2. Replace “of facts... phenomena” with hypotheses, facts laws and theories applicable to social and natural phenomena, in which the theoretical element is normally capable of being confirmed or disconfirmed

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Le terme « les sciences » désigne un ensemble de connaissances, de faits et d'hypothèses pouvant faire l'objet de constructions théoriques vérifiables à court ou à long terme ; elle englobe les sciences ayant pour objet les faits et phénomènes sociaux

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The term ‘the sciences’ signifies a complex of knowledge, fact and hypothesis, in which the theoretical element is capable of being validated in the short or long term, and to that effect includes the sciences concerned with social facts and phenomena;

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The sciences comprises more elements than just social facts.

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Retrait de “terme” et rétablissement du mot l'expression dans sa rédaction initiale.

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The expressionterm ‘the sciences’ signifies a complex of knowledge, facts and hypotheses, in which the theoretical element is normally capable of being validated in the short or long term, and to that extent includes the sciences concerned with social facts and phenomena;

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The term “the sciences” is definied to short. It must include also the methods, approaches …

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Amend by adding “humanities and culture” (underlined above):

humanities and culture

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

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The term ‘the sciences’ > “The term ‘sciences’

fact and hypothesis > facts and hypotheses

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Le terme « les sciences » désigne un ensemble de connaissances, de faits et d'hypothèses pouvant faire l'objet de constructions théoriques vérifiables.

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The term ‘the sciences’ signifies a complex of knowledge, facts and hypothesis, in which the theoretical element is capable of being validated in the short or long term;

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Strongly recommend adding the following as 1.(a) iii):

Traditional and local knowledge (TLK) itself is a cumulative body of knowledge and beliefs about the relationship of living beings (including humans) with one another and with their environment, acquired and used in ways that may be different from Western systems of knowledge. Research involving TLK may not fit within the data models or standards of conventional Western research regimes. Nonetheless, the science process bears a responsibility for integrating traditional knowledge in a way that conforms to ethical standards for research with Indigenous peoples.

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1(b) 1(b) The word ‘technology’ signifies such knowledge as relates directly to the production or improvement of goods or services;

(b) Le mot « technologie » désigne les connaissances qui ont un rapport direct avec la production ou l'amélioration des biens et des services.

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Le mot ‘technologie’ désigne le savoir-faire généré à partir de connaissances scientifiques.

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The word “technology” signifies such knowledge as related directly to the production or improvement of goods and/or servises;

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Le mot « technologie » désigne l’application des connaissances scientifiques pour des fins pratiques, notamment dans l’industrie.

1(c)(i) 1(c)(i) The expressionterm ‘scientific research’ signifies those processes of study, experiment, conceptualization, and theory-testing and validation involved in the generation of scientific knowledge, as described in paragraphs l(a)(i) and l(a)(ii) above, and thus including both fundamental and applied research;

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3. Add the following to c) “…experiment, conceptualization, theory-testing, validation and potential modification involved in the generation…”

4. Insert at “knowledge or devices as relates”.

5. Remove the “and thus” in the last line.

6. In c) replace “fundamental” with “basic”.

Please note: Some attention should be made to align these definitions those in other important reference documents. For example, the Frascati Manual 2015: Guidelines for collecting and reporting data on research and experimental development defines the term ‘scientific research’ to comprise basic and applied research. Basic research refers to

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(c)(i) L'expression Le terme « recherche scientifique » désigne les processus d'étude, d'expérimentation, de conceptualisation, et de vérification et de validation qu'implique la genèse du savoir scientifique, telle qu'elle est décrite aux alinéas 1.a (i) et

1.a (ii) ci-dessus, et englobe donc la recherche fondamentale et la recherche appliquée.

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experimental or theoretical work undertaken primarily to acquire new knowledge of the underlying foundations of phenomena and observable facts, without any particular application in view. Applied research refers to original investigation undertaken in order to acquire new knowledge. It is, however, directed primarily towards a specific, practical aim or objective.

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1. Replace the word “fundamental” by “basic” to include both basic and applied research;

2. Include action research xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

(The term ‘scientific research’ signifies those processes of study, experiment, conceptualization, theory-testing and validation involved in the generation of scientific knowledge, as described in paragraphs l(a)(i) and l(a)(ii) above, and includes both fundamental and applied research;

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The expressionterm ‘scientific research’ signifies those processes of study, experiment, conceptualization, and theory-testing and validation involved in the generation of new scientific knowledge, as described in paragraphs l(a)(i) and l(a)(ii) above, and thus including both fundamental and applied research oriented to the development of new knowledge and research oriented to the development of new technologies

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xxxxxx does not propose an alternative amendment, but would still like to raise the question whether the definition of technology given above is too narrow. In our view technology is not equivalent to knowledge in itself, but

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more the practical use of such knowledge, as put into services or any tool meant to solve a problem of any sort.

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Le terme « recherche scientifique » désigne l’étude et l’investigation systématique visant des découvertes et des nouvelles conclusions.

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Le terme « recherche scientifique » désigne les processus d'étude, d'expérimentation, de conceptualisation, de vérification et de validation de constante remise à l’épreuve des faits d’observations, de réflexions qu'implique la genèse du savoir scientifique, telle qu'elle est décrite aux alinéas 1.a (i) et 1.a (ii) ci-dessus, et englobe donc la recherche fondamentale et la recherche appliquée.

1(c)(ii) 1(c)(ii) The expressionterm ‘experimental development’ signifies the processes of adaptation, testing and refinement which lead to the point of practical applicability including as innovation;

(ii) L'expression Le terme « développement expérimental » désigne les processus d'adaptation,

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La phrase propose que l’innovation fait partie des applications pratiques possibles. Nous suggérons de modifier le syntagme «y compris en tant qu’innovation» par celui de «y compris l’innovation » afin de mieux refléter cette inclusion.

Par ailleurs, l’innovation sociale nous apparaît une approche de développement expérimental qui revêt une importance accrue pour les sociétés. Nous suggérons d’ajouter « et l’innovation sociale » à la fin de la phrase..

Nous avons constaté que le terme « développement expérimental » semble avoir été retiré dans l’ensemble du document, sauf pour définir le terme « recherche et développement ». Dans un souci de simplification, il

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d'essai et de mise au point qui permettent l'application pratique, y compris en tant qu’innovation.

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pourrait être intéressant d’inclure cette définition dans la définition de « recherche et développement ».

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The term ‘experimental development’ identifies the way in which science can modify itself through the process of the scientific method of observation, hypothesis, testing, and systems building which may permit the practical application through technology and innovation

Alternatively, the definition can be taken from the Frascati Manual which defines “experimental development” as systematic work, drawing on knowledge gained from research and practical experience and producing additional knowledge, which is directed to producing new products or processes or to improving existing products or processes

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Le développement experimental est le processus au cours duquel, des tests sont effectués en vue de verifier une hypothèse, de tirer une conclusion et, de généraliser un phénomène

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The term ‘experimental development’ signifies the processes of adaptation, testing and refinement which lead to the point of practical applicability including in innovative ways;

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" an " instead of as

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We don't have an alternative amendment to suggest, but we find this somewhat unclear. Could you perhaps elaborate somewhat more to make it easier to understand?

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The term 'experimental development' signifies the processes of adaptation, testing and refinement which lead to the point of practical applicability including as innovation;

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Le terme « développement expérimental » désigne celui basé sur des idées ou techniques pas encore testées, établies ou finalisées.

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Experimental development is systematic work, drawing on existing knowledge gained from research and/or practical experience, which is directed to producing new materials, products or devices, to installing new processes, systems and services, or to improving substantially those already produced or installed. (Frascati Manual, P. 30)

-- 1(c)(iii) the term ‘research and development’ comprises scientific research and experimental development.

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Recommend implementing Frascati Manual definition for research and experimental development. Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative and systematic work undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge – including knowledge of humankind, culture and society – and to devise new application of available knowledge

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

(iii) le terme « recherche et développement » englobe la recherche scientifique et le développement expérimental.

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Le terme recherche et développement engloble la recherche fondamentale pour générer une technologie appropriée et, son application pratique en vue d’améliorer une productivité

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Reflecting the last trends and political initiatives, the document should also deal with innovation. In this respect we propose to use: research, development and innovation. Clear definition of “open access” would be appreciated.

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La notion de « recherche et développement » n’est pas clairement définie.

La recherche et développement fait partie de la recherche scientifique et non l’inverse. Définition à donner.

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Amend by striking out “scientific research and experimental development” and amend by adding “basic research, applied research and experimental development.”

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Amend by adding innovation to item (iii) to state, “the term and development” comprises scientific research, experimental development and innovation

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Research and experimental development (R&D) comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge, including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications. (Frascati Manual P.30)

1(d)(i) 1(d)(i) The expressionterm ‘scientific researchers’ signifies those persons responsible for and engaged in investigating a specific domain research and development;

(i) L'expression Le terme « chercheurs scientifiques » désigne les personnes chargées dont relèvent d'explorer un domaine particulier de la science ou de la technologierecherche et le développement et qui se consacrent à ces domaines.

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in theory and applicable science , technology , social facts and phonemes xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

L’ajout de définition au début du document devrait permettre d’assurer une cohérence dans le choix du vocabulaire dans l’ensemble dudit document. Ainsi, il nous semble que pour assurer une plus grande cohérence dans les termes la phrase pourraitindiquer: les personnes qui se consacrent à la recherche et développement. Le terme ferait alors référence à la définition incluse en 1 c)iii.

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The term ‘scientific researcher’ signifies those persons having scientific expertise as recognized by the science community and society and who are responsible for and engaged in research and development.

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We recommend adding “with the required recognized credentials” after development to read… engaged in research and development with the required recognized credentials

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

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Le terme chercheur scientifique désigne les personnes qui font la recherche basée sur la science

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The term ‘scientific researchers’ signifies those persons involved in pure and applied scientific research.

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1. Le terme « chercheurs scientifiques » désigne les personnes exerçant des activités de recherche et développement.

2. NB: Si on dit “… se consacrent à ces domaines”, le paragraphe peut être entendu dans le sens des chercheurs qui se consacrent entièrement à la DR, alors qu’il existe des chercheurs à temps partiel comme les enseignants chercheurs.

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We agree, but why not only researchers? What is the difference between scientific researchers and researchers? Does scientific mean academic?

In general I would recommend unifying the definitions with the OECD Frascati Manual 2015 that result from intensive discussions among STI policy leaders and statistics.

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L'expression « chercheurs scientifiques » désigne les personnes chargées d'explorer un domaine particulier de la science ou de la technologie, telles que définies dans les alinéas (a.i), (a.ii) et (b)

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Researchers : Professionals engaged in conception of creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems, and in the management of the project concern (Frascati Definition)

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Le terme « chercheurs scientifiques » désigne les personnes engagées dans la recherche scientifique.

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Researchers are professionals engaged in the conception or creation of new knowledge, products, processes, methods and systems and also in the management of the projects concerned.

*1(d)(ii) (ii) On the basis of the provisions of this recommendation, each Member State may determine the criteria for inclusion in the category of persons recognized as scientific researchers (such as possession of diplomas, degrees, academic titles or functions), as well as the

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Sur la base des dispositions de la présente recommandation, chaque État membre peut définir les critères de l'appartenance à la catégorie des personnes reconnues comme chercheurs, ainsi que les exceptions admises par rapport à ces critères ; ces critères étant le diplôme, le grade ou le titre, puis la fonction.

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A person can be considered as a scientific researcher without having no academic degree.

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

exceptions to be allowed for;

1(d)(ii) Sur la base des dispositions de la présente recommandation, chaque État membre peut définir les critères (tels que diplôme, grade ou titre scientifique, fonction) de l'appartenance à la catégorie des personnes reconnues comme chercheurs scientifiques ainsi que les exceptions admises par rapport à ces critères.

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We would recommend to unifying the language – in this case EN.

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Sur la base des dispositions de la présente recommandation, chaque État membre peut définir les critères (tels que diplôme, grade ou titre scientifique, fonction) de l'appartenance à la catégorie des personnes reconnues comme chercheurs scientifiques ainsi que les exceptions admises par rapport à ces critères comme l'expérience acquise dans la recherche.

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Amend by adding and tenure of service to item (ii) to state, “On the basis of the provisions of this recommendation, each Member State may determine the criteria for inclusion in the category of persons recognized as scientific researchers (such as possession of diplomas, degrees, academic tiles or functions, and tenure of service), as well as the exceptions to be allowed for;

1(e) 1(e) The word ‘status’ as used in the title of this Recommendation in relation to scientific researchers signifies the standing or regard accorded them, as evidenced, first, by the level of appreciation both of the duties and responsibilities inherent in their function

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Le mot « condition », appliqué aux chercheurs scientifiques dans le titre de la Recommandation, désigne la position qu'on leur reconnaît dans la société compte tenu du degré de considération attribué aux devoirs et responsabilités de leurs fonctions, ainsi qu'à la compétence avec laquelle ils s'en acquittent, puis les droits, l'aide matérielle, et l'appui moral dont ils jouissent dans l'accomplissement de leur mission.

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and of their competence in performing them, and, secondly, by the rights, working conditions, material assistance and moral support which they enjoy for the accomplishment of their task.

(e) Le mot « condition », appliqué aux chercheurs scientifiques dans le titre de la Recommandation, désigne la position qu'on leur reconnaît dans la société compte tenu d'une part du degré de considération attribué aux devoirs et responsabilités de leurs fonctions ainsi qu'à la compétence avec laquelle ils s'en acquittent, d'autre part des droits, des conditions de travail, de l'aide matérielle, et de l'appui moral dont ils jouissent dans l'accomplissement de leur mission.

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Suggest a rewording to simplify:

The word ‘status’ used in the title of this Recommendation in relation to scientific researchers signifies the standing or regard accorded to them by the duties and responsibilities inherent in their function and by the rights, working conditions, material assistance and social support which they enjoy for the accomplishment of the scientific endeavor.

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

2 2. This recommendation applies to:

(a) all scientific researchers, irrespective of:

La présente recommandation s'applique :

(a) à tous les chercheurs scientifiques quels que soient :

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[comment not indicated]

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1. Nous proposons de remplacer dans tout le document « sciences sociales » par « sciences humaines et sociales » car comme vous le savez les sciences sociales ne couvrent pas certaines domaines des sciences humaine tels que la philosophie, l’histoire, la psychologie, etc.

2. NB : Nous proposons de remplacer dans tout le document « travaux de recherche et de développement » par « travaux de recherche et développement » car « recherche et développement » est considérée comme un block d’activités, et si on met travaux de recherche et de développement c’est comme si on dit travaux de recherche et travaux de développement ; or il existe des travaux de développement qui n’ont rien à voir avec la RD

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all scientific researchers and the research ecosystem as a whole. This includes scientific researchers across the natural, physical and social sciences as well as research assistants and doctoral candidates, irrespective of:

2(a) 2(a)(ia) the legal status of their employer, or the type of organization or establishment in which they work;

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La personnalité juridique de leur employeur ou le type d'organisation ou d'établissement au sein duquel ils travaillent ;

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a.(i) La personnalité juridique de leur employeur ou le type d'organisation ou d'établissement au sein duquel ils travaillent ;

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La personnalité juridique de leur employeur ou le type d'organisation ou d'établissement au sein duquel ils travaillent ;

2(b) 2(a)(iib) their scientific or technological fields of specialization including natural, life and social sciences;

b.(ii) Leur spécialisation scientifique ou technologique, y compris lorsqu’elle relève des sciences naturelles, de la biologie et des sciences sociales ;

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(ii) their scientific or technological fields of specialization including formal, natural, life and social sciences and humanities; xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

L’ajout des différentes disciplines ne nous apparaît pas refléter la pluralité en « science », nous suggérons d’y inclure « les sciences humaines et sociales, les arts et les lettres ».

Il serait aussi préférable d’utiliser le syntagme «leur spécialisation en sciences » pour faire référence à la définition du mot sciences donnée en 1 a) ii.

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In a) ii): remove list of fields of specialization given that this is redundant and may raise unnecessary issues of exclusion, e.g., is the humanities a scientific specialization? Or replace by “…their scientific or technological fields of specialization including natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities.”

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

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We recommend to add “communities” to capture action research to read…technicians, support staff, students and communities supporting and contributing to research and development

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Leur specialisation scientifique ou technologique, y compris leur domaine de competence (sciences naturelles, exactes, ou sciences sociales)

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their scientific or technological fields of specialization including natural, life and social sciences;

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Leur spécialisation scientifique ou technologique, y compris lorsqu’elle relève des sciences naturelles, de la biologie et des sciences humaines et sociales ;

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Replace “…including natural, life and social sciences” by “…including all academic disciplines in classification of Natural Sciences; Engineering and Technology; Medical and Health Sciences; Agricultural Sciences; Social Sciences; and Humanities;”

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The Frascati Manual uses the term “ R&D personnel”

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technicians, support staff, PhD students and students supporting and contributing to research and development and only persons responsible for and engaged in research and development;

Note explicative: (Point I sous-paragraphe 2b) En suivant les traditions du Processus de Bologne, les auteurs des amendements, en élargissant la liste des catégories des personnes susceptibles d’être chercheurs, y ajoutent le personnel auxiliaire et les étudiants. Selon les approches du Processus de Bologne, les thésards sont aussi les étudiants. Cela est un peu contraire à nos traditions, selon lesquelles nous considérons l'école doctorale (préparation d’un thèse) non comme le dernier stade de la formation universitaire, mais comme le premier degré du travail d’un chercheur. Ainsi, en respectant nos traditions, il faudrait compléter le paragraphe avec les thèsards (PhD students, en les distinguant un peu des autres catégories des étudiants). Ils constituent un important élément de la société scientifique et, sans aucun doute, le statut des chercheurs doit les concerner.

Il faut souligner que le statut des chercheurs ne doit se répandre au personnel de génie et auxiliaire qu’à condition que celui-ci soit directement impliqué au processus scientifique et travaille dans les entités scientifiques. Le statut ne doit pas concerner les ingénieurs et les agents des services généraux s'occupant du support de la vie quotidienne des organisations scientifiques.

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Add humanistic: their scientific or technological fields of specialization including natural, life, humanistic and social sciences;

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

… life and social sciences > … life and social sciences as well as the humanities

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their scientific or technological fields of specialization including natural, life and social sciences, and humanities;

reason: Since the scope of this recommendation applies to all fields of science, it should be deleted ”life” and add “humanities”; thus: ”natural and social sciences, and humanities”

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We disagree with the amendment of subparagraph (ii). xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

We suggest to avoid mentioning various disciplines of sciences, as it will prove difficult to be inclusive in this respect. We recommend to follow the OECD definition to represent all fields of science in four main lines: natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities2 which could be included in Chapter I (definitions).

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Leur spécialisation scientifique ou technologique ;

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Leur spécialisation scientifique ou technologique, y compris lorsqu’elle relève des sciences naturelles, de la biologie et des sciences sociales ;

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2(c) 2(a)(iiic) the motivation underlying the scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development in which they engage; c.(iii) Les considérations qui motivent les travaux de recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental auxquels ils se consacrent ;

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Pour préserver la cohérence du texte, il vaut mieux utiliser le terme « recherche et développement » consacré à l’article 1 c) iii) des définitions. Nous suggérons de retirer le « de » qui semble avoir été ajouté lors de la traduction.

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Les considérations qui motivent les travaux de recherche et développement auxquels ils se consacrent ;

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We would recommend to unifying the language – in this case EN.

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institutions and individuals responsible for aspects of science, including such as science education, science communication, regulation and policy, oversight, funding, recruitment, human resources development, peer review and scientific publishing

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the motivation underlying the scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development in which they engage;

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Les considérations qui motivent les travaux de recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental auxquels ils se consacrent ;

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

Les considérations qui motivent les travaux de recherche et de développement auxquels ils se consacrent, sauf si elles risquent fortement de porter atteinte à l’intégrité physique et/ou morale de la personne humaine ;

2(d) 2(a)(ivd) the kind of application to which that scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development relates most immediately;

d.(iv) La nature de l'application à laquelle ces travaux de recherche scientifique et, de développement expérimental ont trait le plus directement ;

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Nous suggérons de terminer la phrase avec «ont directement trait. »

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We recommend that the word professional should be replaced with “recognized licensing” in member states

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the kind of application to which that research and development relates;

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the kind of application to which that scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development relates most immediately;

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La nature de l'application à laquelle ces travaux de recherche scientifique et, de développement expérimental ont trait le plus directement ;

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leur statut professionnel ou leurs conditions d’emploi ;

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2(a)(v) their professional status or employment status;

(v) leur statut professionnel ou leurs conditions d’emploi ;

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their professional status or employment status; xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Leur statut professionnel ou leurs conditions d’emploi ;

2(b) technicians, support staff and students supporting and contributing to research and development;

(b) aux techniciens, au personnel auxiliaire et aux étudiants qui soutiennent les travaux de recherche et de développement et qui y contribuent ;

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Pour préserver la cohérence du texte, il vaut mieux utiliser le terme « recherche et développement » consacré à l’article 1 c) iii) des définitions. Nous suggérons de retirer le « de » qui semble avoir été ajouté lors de la traduction.

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If by ‘support staff’ the intention is to include administrative staff, then it is not clear how this Recommendation could apply to these people in its entirety and so ‘support staff’ should be omitted. Technicians and students, of course, as actors in the actual scientific enterprise should be included within the remit of this Recommendation.

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After “development,” add “and only persons responsible for and engaged in research and development;”

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Note: Excerpted Member State comments are generally reproduced exactly as they appeared (including errors, with or without markings) Legend: Following each draft text, the ratio of support that Member States indicated is indicated in bold.

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Le chercheur n’est pas dispensé d’appliquer la présente recommandation lorsqu’il délègue tout ou partie de ses activités de recherche à des techniciens, étudiants ou des professionnels auxiliaires.

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doctoral candidates, technicians, support staff and students supporting and contributing to research and development;

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Amend technicians to technical in item (b) to state “technical support staff and students supporting and contributing to research and development.”

2(c) institutions and individuals responsible for aspects of science, including such as science education, science communication, regulation and policy, oversight, funding, recruitment, peer review and scientific publishing.

(c) aux établissements et aux personnes dont relèvent certains aspects de la science, tels que l’enseignement scientifique,

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To be more complete, add « scientific management/gestion scientifique » after « le contrôle ».

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aux établissements et aux personnes dont relèvent certains aspects de la science, tels que l’enseignement des sciences, la communication scientifique, la réglementation et l’action publique, le contrôle, le financement, le recrutement, l’évaluation par les pairs et la publication scientifique.

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la communication scientifique, la réglementation et l’action publique, le contrôle, le financement, le recrutement, l’évaluation par les pairs et la publication scientifique.

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institutions and individuals responsible for aspects of science, including such as science education, science communication, regulation and policy, supervision, funding, recruitment, peer review and scientific publishing.

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aux établissements, aux organisations (ex. sociétés savantes) et aux personnes dont relèvent certains aspects de la science, tels que l’enseignement scientifique, la communication et l’information scientifiques, la réglementation et l’action publique, le contrôle, le financement, le recrutement, l’évaluation par les pairs, la publication scientifique, la culture scientifique, la valorisation de la recherche et le transfert technologique et l’appui technique à la recherche scientifique (ex. analyses de laboratoire…)

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aux établissements et entreprises, qu’elles soient publiques ou privées, qui réalisent des recherches scientifiques telles que définies dans le 1(c), ainsi qu’à ceux qui évaluent ces recherches.

3 In the case of scientific researchers performing scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development on a part-time basis, this recommendation applies to them only at such times and in such contexts as they are engaged upon the activity of scientific research and experimental

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Pour préserver la cohérence du texte, il vaut mieux utiliser le terme « recherche et développement » consacré à l’article 1 c) iii) des définitions. Nous suggérons de retirer le « de » qui semble avoir été ajouté lors de la traduction.

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Recommend deleting this article completely.

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developmentresearch and development.

3. Cette recommandation n'est applicable aux chercheurs scientifiques qui font des travaux de recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental à temps partiel, que pendant les périodes et dans les contextes où ils exercent cette activité.

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In the case of scientific researchers performing research and development on a part-time basis, this recommendation applies to them only at the times and in the contexts they are engaged in the activity of research and development.

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Nous proposons la suppression de cet article. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Cette recommandation n'est applicable aux chercheurs scientifiques qui font des travaux de recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental à temps partiel, que pendant les périodes et dans les contextes où ils exercent cette activité.

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In the case of scientific researchers performing research and development on a part-time basis, this recommendation applies to them only at such times and in such contexts as they are engaged upon the activity of research and development, in accordance with d)(ii) of point 1.

4 II. Scientific researchers in the context of national policy-making

4. By the policies they adopt in respect of and touching upon science technology and innovation; by the way in which they use science and technology in policy-

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Dans la phrase. «… mais qu’elles s’inscrivent dans l’effort global des nations », ajouter « dans une approche pluridisciplinaire » et poursuivre avec « pour constituer…»

Il semble y avoir incohérence dans l’emploi du terme « activité scientifique et technologique » : nous suggérons de privilégier l’emploi du terme « Recherche et développement » consacré à l’article 1 c) iii) des définitions.

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making and more generally; and by their treatment of scientific researchers in particular, Member States should demonstrate and take action such that science and technology are not activities to be carried on in isolation but an explicit part of the nations’ integrated effort to set up a society that will be more humane, just and inclusive, for the enhancement of the cultural and material well-being of its citizens, and to further the United Nations ideals and internationally-agreed objectives, while according a sufficient place to science per se.

4. Par la politique qu’ils adoptent à l’égard de la science, de la technologie, de l’innovation et des aspects qui y ont trait, par la façon dont ils utilisent la science et la technologie pour élaborer leurs

L’ajout de la précision « tout en faisant une place suffisante à la science même » crée de la confusion en donnant l’impression qu’il s’agit d’un élément spécifique alors que les éléments cités précédemment doivent l’inclure au premier chef. Nous suggérons de retirer ce syntagme.

Il nous semble que la dimension sociale du bien-être devrait être présence. Il est proposé d’utiliser l’expression bien-être social et culturel ou utiliser l’expression l’amélioration de la « qualité de vie ».

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Recommend add “…to inform policy-making…” rather than “…in policy-making…”

Recommend the following highlighted changes: By the policies they adopt in respect of and touching upon science, technology and innovation; by the way in which they use science and technology in to inform policy-making and for use more generally; and by their treatment of scientific researchers in particular, Member States should demonstrate and take action such that science and technology are not activities to be carried on out in isolation, but as an explicit part of the nations’ integrated effort to set up a society that will be more humane, just and inclusive, for the enhancement of the cultural and material well-being of its citizens, and to further the United Nations ideals and internationally-agreed to objectives, while according a sufficient place to science.

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We recommend the addition of the words, “knowledge based economy” after cultural to read… the enhancement of the cultural, knowledge based economy and material well- being of its citizens…

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Fragmentation of statement is needed last line is unclear

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politiques et en règle plus générale, et notamment par leur attitude à l’égard des chercheurs scientifiques, les États membres devraient démontrer que les activités scientifiques et technologiques ne sont pas de celles qui doivent s’exercer dans l’isolement, mais qu’elles s’inscrivent dans l’effort global des nations pour constituer une société plus humaine, plus juste et plus inclusive au service de l'amélioration du bien-être culturel et matériel de leurs ressortissants, et pour œuvrer en faveur des idéaux et objectifs des Nations Unies, tout en faisant une place suffisante à la science même, et ils devraient prendre des mesures allant dans ce sens.

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By the policies they adopt in respect of and related to science, technology and innovation; by the way in which they use science and technology in policy-making generally and by their treatment of scientific researchers in particular, Member States should demonstrate and take action such that science and technology are not activities to be carried on in isolation but as an explicit part of their respective nations’ integrated effort to set up a society that will be more humane, just and inclusive, for the enhancement of the cultural and material well-being of its citizens, and to further the United Nations ideals and internationally-agreed objectives, while according a appropriate place to science per se.

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modifier en ajoutant ceci à la septième (7ieme) ligne après « ... de leurs ressortissants, » : « qu’elles oeuvrent pour la survie de la race humaine, »

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By the policies they adopt in respect of and touching upon science technology and innovation; by the way in which they use science and technology in policy-making and more generally; and by their treatment of scientific researchers in particular, Member States should demonstrate and take action such that science and technology are not activities to be carried on in isolation but an explicit part of the nations’ integrated effort to set up a society that will be more humane, just and inclusive, for the enhancement of the cultural and material well-being of its citizens, and to further the United Nations ideals and internationally-agreed objectives, while according an sufficient adequate place to science per se.

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Amend by adding a comma between science and technology.

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Par la politique qu’ils adoptent à l’égard de la science, de la technologie, de l’innovation et des aspects qui y ont trait, par la façon dont ils utilisent la science et la technologie pour élaborer leurs politiques et en règle plus générale, et notamment par leur attitude à l’égard des chercheurs scientifiques, les États membres devraient démontrer que les activités scientifiques et technologiques s’inscrivent dans l’effort pour améliorer la vie des individus.

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Insert comma after science in the first phrase: “By the policies they adopt in respect of and touching upon science, technology and innovation…”

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Par la politique qu’ils adoptent à l’égard de la science, de la technologie, de l’innovation et des aspects qui y ont trait, par la façon dont ils utilisent la science et la technologie pour élaborer leurs politiques. Les États membres devraient démontrer que les activités scientifiques et technologiques ne sont pas de celles qui doivent s’exercer dans l’isolement, mais qu’elles s’inscrivent dans l’effort global des nations pour constituer une société plus humaine, plus juste et plus inclusive au service de l'amélioration du bien-être culturel et matériel de leurs ressortissants, et pour oeuvrer en faveur des idéaux et objectifs des Nations Unies, tout en faisant une place suffisante à la science même, et ils devraient prendre des mesures allant dans ce sens.

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By the policies they adopt in respect of and touching upon science technology and innovation; by the way in which they use science and technology in policy-making and more generally; and by their treatment of scientific researchers in particular, Member States should demonstrate and take action such that science and technology are not activities to be carried on in insolation but an explicit part of the nations´ integrated effort to strengthen national development and to set up a society that will be more humane, just and inclusive, for the enhancement of the cultural and material well-being of its citizens, and to further the United Nations ideals and internationlly-agreed objetives, while according a sufficient place to sciense per se.

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Access to data: Member states should also facilitate access to (open) data, by providing (digital) infrastructure, also as a part of their development assistance policies. Member states should facilitate access to science and scientific knowledge in general as part of national policymaking and as part of an effort to improve well-being

4bis. For this purpose, eEach Member State should:

4bis. À cette fin, cChaque État membre devrait :

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Data use: The reference to data use could be expanded and include for example the phenomenon of big data – what are the implications of big data for science and society (ownership of data, protection and privacy of research objects, responsibilities) and how do we regulate the production, management and application of big data?

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4bis(a) establish and strengthen sound human and institutional capacities for research and development;

(a) mettre en place et renforcer des capacités humaines et institutionnelles solides en matière de recherche et de développement ;

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Pour préserver la cohérence du texte, il vaut mieux utiliser le terme « recherche et développement » consacré à l’article 1 c) iii) des définitions. Nous suggérons de retirer le « de » qui semble avoir été ajouté lors de la traduction.

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mettre en place et renforcer des capacités humaines et institutionnelles solides en matière de recherche et développement et d’innovation ;

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(a) mettre en place des capacités humaines et institutionnelles solides en matière de recherche et de développement, ou les renforcer substantiellement ;

4bis(b) promote research and development in all areas of society funded by public, private and non-profit sources;

(b) promouvoir le financement par des ressources publiques, privées et provenant d’organismes à but non lucratif des travaux de recherche et de

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promouvoir le financement des travaux de recherche et développement dans tous les domaines de la société par des ressources publiques, privées et provenant d’organismes à but non lucratif ou de bailleurs de fonds étrangers ;

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promouvoir le financement des travaux de recherche et de développement dans tous les domaines de la société, par le biais de ressources publiques et privées.

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développement dans tous les domaines de la société ;

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4.bis(c) We recommend to add (c) promote budgetary allocation for research, development and innovation

4bis(c) strive to use scientific and technological knowledge in decision-making and policies;

for the enhancement of the cultural and material well-being of its citizens, and to further the United Nations ideals and objectives. To attain this objective, each Member State should

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Nous suggérons d’ajouter « et pour en assurer le transfert à la société » à la fin de la phrase.

Nous souhaitons souligner qu’il faut faire attention de ne pas valoriser la science dirigée seulement. La science fondamentale tient une place tout aussi importante dans le développement des connaissances.

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Recommend adding “…to inform…” before “…in decision-making…” xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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(c) s'efforcer de mettreexploiter les connaissances scientifiques et technologiques au service de la prise de décision et de l’élaboration des politiques ; l'amélioration du bien-être culturel et matériel de ses ressortissants, et d’œuvrer en faveur des idéaux et objectifs des Nations Unies. A ces fins, chaque État membre devrait

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We recommend to replace use with promote to read….promote scientific and technological knowledge in decision making and policies

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Use scientific and technological knowledge in decision-making and policy making;

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exploiter les connaissances scientifiques et technologiques au service de la prise de décision, de l’élaboration et de la mise en œuvre des politiques sectorielles de développement socioéconomique ;

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s'assurer que la prise de décision et l’élaboration des politiques prennent en compte les résultats de la recherche scientifique → ( la fin après le point virgule est inutile ).

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use scientific and technological knowledge in decision-making on and policies;

4bis(d) equip itself with the personnel, institutions and mechanisms necessary for developing and putting into practice national science, and technology and innovation policies;

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Il nous semble inu le d’ajouter « innova on » à la n de la phrase compte tenu que ce e no on a été incluse dans la dé ni on de « développement expérimental » 1 c)ii. Pour plus de cohérence, nous suggérons de vous référer au terme proposé dans les dé ni ons.

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(d) se doter du personnel, des institutions et des mécanismes nécessaires pour élaborer et mettre en œuvre des politiques nationales relatives aux scienctifiques, et aux technologiques et à l’innovation ; nationales

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se doter de personnel, d’institutions et de mécanismes nécessaires pour élaborer et mettre en œuvre des politiques nationales relatives aux technologies et à l’innovation

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Il serait peut être souhaitable de fusionner les paragraphes (a) et (d) puisque tous les deux parlent des capacités humaines et institutionnelles. Nous proposons ce qui suit :

se doter du personnel, des institutions et des mécanismes nécessaires pour élaborer et mettre en œuvre des politiques nationales relatives aux sciences, aux technologies et à l’innovation, et veiller sur le renforcement continu des capacités humaines et institutionnelles en la matière ;

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se doter du personnel, des institutions et des mécanismes nécessaires pour élaborer et mettre en oeuvre des politiques nationales relatives aux sciences, aux technologies et à l’innovation, dans le cadre d’une réflexion globale sur la place des sciences et des technologies comme facteur de transformations sociales, telles que définies dans le programme MOST.

4bis(e) give recognition to the key role of scientific research, both in natural and social sciences, in the acquisition of knowledge, in addressing the root causes and impacts of conflict, and in economic, social, cultural

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Pour refléter la pluralité en science, nous suggérons de modifier la phrase pour inclure « tant dans le domaine des sciences naturelles que des sciences humaines et sociales, les arts et les lettres ». Bien que les Fonds de recherche du Québec adhèrent aux visées décrites dans l’énoncé, il ne faudrait pas pour autant exclure la recherche fondamentale qui n’a pas au départ de telles visées mais qui est néanmoins légitime.

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and environmentally sound development;

(e) reconnaître le rôle fondamental de la recherche scientifique, tant dans le domaine des sciences naturelles que des sciences sociales, en faveur de l’acquisition du savoir, de la réponse à apporter aux causes profondes et aux conséquences des conflits, et d’un développement économique, social, culturel et respectueux de l’environnement;

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Remove reference to natural and social sciences as other disciplines are also necessary in these areas. Suggest a rewording to clarify the point as follows: Give recognition to the key role of research and development in understanding and addressing the root causes and impacts of conflict and in economic, social, cultural and environmentally sound development based on human rights, equality, and well-being.

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reconnaître le rôle fondamental de la recherche scientifique, dans le domaine des sciences naturelles et des sciences sociales, comme éléments permettant d’apporter une réponse aux causes et aux conséquences des conflits, et, afin de parvenir à un développement économique, social et, culturel respectueux de l’environnement ;

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give due recognition to the key role of scientific research, both in natural and social sciences, in the acquisition of knowledge, in addressing the root causes and impacts of conflict, and in sound economic, social, cultural and environmentally development;

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give recognition to the key role of scientific research, both in natural and social sciences, in the acquisition of knowledge, in addressing the root causes and impacts of challenges, and in economic, social, cultural and environmentally sound development

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Replace “natural and social sciences” by “all academic disciplines.”

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Proposition de fusionner le (e) et la version ci-dessus du (d).

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give recognition to the key role of scientific research, both in natural and social sciences, in the acquisition of knowledge, in addressing the root causes and impacts of conflicts, and in economic, social, cultural and environmentally sound development;

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… scientific research, both in natural and social sciences … > … scientific research in all disciplines …

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give recognition to the key role of scientific research, both in natural and social sciences, in the acquisition of knowledge, in addressing the social transformations, the root causes and impacts of conflict, and in economic, social, cultural and environmentally sound development;

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give recognition to the key role of scientific research and development, both in natural and social sciences, and humanities, in the acquisition of

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knowledge, in addressing the root causes and impacts of conflict, and in economic, social, cultural and environmentally sound development;

Reason:

• Since I1. (d)(i) defines researchers as those engaging in and having responsibility for "research and development", "development” should be added".

• Since the scope of this recommendation applies to all fields of science, "humanities" should be added; thus: "natural and social sciences, and humanities."

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Amend by adding both fundamental and applied to state: “give recognition to the key role of scientific research, both fundamental and applied, both in natural and social sciences, in the acquisition of knowledge, in addressing the root causes and impacts of conflict, and in economic, social, cultural and environmentally sound development.”

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Reconnaître le rôle fondamental de la recherche scientifique en faveur d’un développement économique, social et culturel qui soit pacifique et respectueux de l’individu et de l’environnement.

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give recognition to the key role of scientific research, in the acquisition of knowledge, in addressing the root causes and impact of conflict, and in economic, social, cultural and environmentally sound development;

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We suggest to avoid mentioning various disciplines of sciences, as it will prove difficult to be inclusive in this respect. We recommend to follow the OECD definition to represent all fields of science in four main lines: natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities2 which could be included in Chapter I (definitions).

4bis(f) promote investment in scientific research, both in natural and social sciences, that may address peace building;

(f) encourager les investissements dans la recherche scientifique, tant dans le domaine des sciences naturelles que des sciences sociales, susceptible de contribuer à la consolidation de la paix ;

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Nous suggérons de re rer le 4 f) puisque cela semble déjà inclus en 4 e). xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Should not single out natural and social sciences if the aim of the Recommendation is research and development. Scientific research should be replaced by research and development. At f) after “peace-building” add “and sustainable development”

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encourager les investissements dans la recherche scientifique à la fois dans les domaines des sciences naturelles, exactes et, des sciences sociales, dans le but de contribuer à la consolidation de la paix ;

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promote investment in scientific research, both in natural and social sciences, that may address peace building and economic prosperity

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Il y a lieu de mettre en relief la nécessité d’investir dans la RD et l’innovation en tant que leviers de développement durable des pays). Nous proposons de revoir le paragraphe (f) comme suit :

(f) encourager les investissements dans la recherche et développement, tant dans le domaine des sciences naturelles que des sciences humaines et sociales, susceptible de contribuer au développement durable et à la consolidation de la paix ;

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Replace “natural and social sciences” by “all academic disciplines.”

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promote investment in scientific research, both in natural and social sciences, that may address peace building;

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… scientific research, both in natural and social sciences … > … scientific research in all disciplines …

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encourager les investissements dans la recherche scientifique susceptible de contribuer à ce développement ((e))

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promote investment in scientific research, both in sciences, that may address peace building;

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We suggest to avoid mentioning various disciplines of sciences, as it will prove difficult to be inclusive in this respect. We recommend to follow the OECD definition to represent all fields of science in four main lines: natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities2 which could be included in Chapter I (definitions).

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promote investment in scientific research,both in natural and social sciences, and humanities, that may address peace buiding

Reason: Since the scope of this recommendation applies to all fields of science, "humanities" should be added; thus: "natural and social sciences, and humanities."

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promote investment in scientific research, both in natural and social sciences, that may address issues related to promotion of peace;

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promote investment in scientific research, both in natural and social sciences/ humanities, that may address peace building

4bis(g) promote dialogue between the scientific community and society;

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promote dialogue between the scientific community and society;

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(g) favoriser la concertation entre la communauté scientifique et la société ;

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“promote meaningful dialogue...”

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favoriser la concertation entre la communauté scientifique et la société ;

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agree with comment :

favoriser la concertation entre la communauté scientifique et la

société, dans les limites permises par le degré de culture scientifique de la population ;

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promote dialogue between the scientific community and society;

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nous proposons d’u liser le mot « dialogue » plutôt que « concerta on ».

4bis (h) create and maintain national institutions for risk assessment and management, vulnerability reduction, safety and health;

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At h) after ‘health’ add “both human and environmental”

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create and maintain national institutions for risk assessment and management, vulnerability reduction and safety and health;

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(h) créer et gérer des institutions nationales chargées de l'évaluation et de la gestion des risques, de la réduction de la vulnérabilité, de la sécurité et de la santé ;

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Idem. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

créer et gérer des institutions nationales chargées de l'évaluation et de la gestion des risques, de la réduction de la vulnérabilité, de la sécurité et de la santé des individus;

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Il n’est pas clair à quel type d’ins tu ons na onales le 4 h) fait référence. S’agit-il d’ins tu ons na onales en recherche ou de ges on des risques en recherche? Il n’est pas clair non plus si cela relève de la recherche spéci quement. Nous suggérons de re rer le 4 h) à moins que des précisions y soient ajoutées.

4bis(i) establish suitable means to address the ethics of the practice of science and of the use of scientific knowledge and its applications;

(i) mettre en place les moyens adéquats pour traiter des aspects éthiques de la pratique de la science et de l'utilisation du savoir

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Change of wording in i to delete « …ethics of the practice of science…’ to « the ethics of science… » Ethics should not be limited to just practice of science but also to its theoretical framework as well.

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mettre en place les moyens adéquats pour traiter les aspects éthiques de la pratique de la science et de l’utilisation de la connaissance scientifique et de ses applications;

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scientifique et de ses applications ;

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establish, promote and support independent, multidisciplinary and pluralistic ethics committees in order to assess the relevant ethical, legal, scientific and social issues related to research projects involving human beings, to provide ethical advice on ethical problems in clinical health, to assess scientific and technological developments and to foster debate, education and public awareness of and engagement in ethics related to research; and

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modifier en ajoutant ceci aprés « de ses applications, » veiller à ce que les politiques scientifiques soient conformes aux valeurs éthiques sur son territoire ».

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créer et encourager la création par les institutions de recherche d'instances chargées de traiter les aspects éthiques de la pratique de la science et de l'utilisation du savoir scientifique et de ses applications

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establish, promote and support independent, multidisciplinary and pluralist ethics committees in order to assess the relevant ethical, legal, scientific and social issues related to research projects involving human beings, provide ethical advice on ethical problems in clinical health healthcare, assess scientific and technological developments and foster debate, education and public awareness of and engagement in engage public in ethics related to research; and

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Amend by striking out “and its applications” as “use of scientific knowledge” already implies “application”

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En 4 i), il nous apparaît qu’il serait u le de dis nguer davantage les deux théma ques que sont « la pra que des sciences » et « l’u lisa on du savoir scien que » pour lesquels les enjeux éthiques sont di érents.

4bis(j) establish, promote and support independent, multidisciplinary and pluralist ethics committees in order to assess the relevant ethical, legal, scientific and social issues related to research projects involving human beings, provide ethical advice on ethical problems in clinical health, assess scientific and technological developments and foster debate, education and public awareness of and engagement in ethics related to research; and

(j) establish, promote and support independent, multidisciplinary and pluralist ethics committees in order to assess the relevant ethical, legal, scientific and social issues related to research projects involving human beings, animals and the environment; provide ethical advice on ethical questions in clinical health; assess scientific and technological developments; foster debate, education and public awareness of, and engagement in ethics related to research; and

This item is related to the Commitment for Researchers No. 11 and to the Obligations for Institutions No. 19, 20 and 27 (Proposals, 2014) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

This should not be limited to research with humans. Suggest adding the following after human being…”...and animals…” This should not be limited to clinical health. Suggest deleting “clinical” and replace with human. After ‘human health’ add “…the environment and the biosphere..”

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(j) mettre en place, promouvoir et appuyer des comités d’éthique indépendants, pluridisciplinaires et pluralistes, chargés d’évaluer les problèmes éthiques, juridiques, scientifiques et sociaux pertinents relatifs aux projets de recherche portant sur des êtres humains, donner des avis éthiques sur les problèmes éthiques qui se posent en matière de santé clinique, évaluer les progrès scientifiques et technologiques et favoriser le débat, l’éducation ainsi que la sensibilisation et la mobilisation du public en matière d’éthique relative à la recherche ;

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Suggest changing “…provide ethical advice on ethical problems” to “provide sound advice on ethical problems

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mettre en place, promouvoir et appuyer des comités d’éthique indépendants, pluridisciplinaires et pluralistes, chargés d’évaluer les problèmes éthiques, juridiques, scientifiques et sociaux pertinents relatifs aux projets de recherche portant sur les êtres humains, donner des avis sur les problèmes d’éthiques qui se posent en matière de santé publique, évaluer les progrès scientifiques et technologiques et favoriser le débat, l’éducation ainsi que la sensibilisation et la mobilisation du public en matière d’éthique relative à la recherche ;

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mettre en place, …. relatifs aux projets de recherche biomédicale portant sur des êtres humains, ….relative à la recherche ;

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The inclusion of gender issue is also relative.

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We would urge you to define or clarify what is meant by "pluralist" here, as pluralist can be interpreted in different ways. Perhaps one solution could be: "...multidisciplinary ethics committees, with a range of different stakeholders represented as members, in order to assess..."

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Le 4 j) aborde à nouveau les deux thématiques soulevées en 4 i). Il y aurait intérêt à mieux les distinguer. Pour ce faire, il pourrait être plus simple d’amalgamer les 4 i) et 4 j) en séparant les thématiques.

Il est proposé de remplacer les termes « en ma ère de santé clinique » par « en matière de recherche clinique”

4bis(k) strengthen scientific culture and its peaceful application throughout the world.

aimed at directing scientific research and experimental development efforts to the achievement of national goals while according a sufficient place to science per se. By the policies they adopt in respect of science and technology, by the way in which they use science and technology in policy-making generally, and by their treatment of scientific researchers in particular, Member States should demonstrate that science and technology are not activities to be carried on in isolation but part of the

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renforcer la culture scientifique ainsi que l’usage de la science à des fins pacifiques dans le monde entier

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strengthen scientific culture and its peaceful application throughout the world, while exerting necessary efforts to overcome national goals and challenges

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Le passage surligné en jaune ne présente pas grand intérêt :

visant à orienter les efforts de recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental de manière à atteindre les objectifs nationaux tout en faisant une place suffisante à la science même. Par la politique qu'ils adoptent à l'égard de la science et de la technologie, par la façon dont ils les utilisent pour élaborer leurs décisions de politique générale, et notamment par leur attitude à l'égard des chercheurs scientifiques, les États membres devraient démontrer que les activités scientifiques et technologiques ne sont pas de celles qui doivent s'exercer dans l'isolement, mais qu'elles s'inscrivent dans l'effort global des nations pour constituer une société plus humaine et vraiment juste.

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nations’ integrated effort to set up a society that will be more humane and really just.

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“strengthen scientific culture and its peaceful and responsible application throughout the world”

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Agree with comment:

This item is related to the Obligations for Institutions No. 24 and 25 (Proposals, 2014)

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renforcer la culture scientifique et son application à des fins pacifiques dans le monde entier avec les conditions minimales comme l’éradication de l’analphabétisme et à l’accès à l’éducation pour tous.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Include in 4 bis some text on reproducibility of research findings - should be supported to verify research findings (otherwise this could appear in 17c or 17 (4))

5 5. At all appropriate stages of their national planning policy development generally, and of their planning in science, and technology and innovation

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Dans l’élaboration de leurs politiques nationales, en particulier, les politiques en matière de science, de technologie et d’innovation, les États membres devraient:

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policies specifically, Member States should: 5. À tous les échelons appropriés de la planification nationale en générall’élaboration de leurs politiques nationales, et en particulier de leurs politiques en matière de science, de technologie et d’innovation la planification dans le domaine de la science et de la technologie en particulier, les États membres devraient :

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At all appropriate stages of their national policy development in general, and of their science, technology and innovation policies specifically, Member States should:

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At all appropriate stages of their nationalplanning policy developmentgenerally, and of their planning in science,and technology and innovation policies specifically, Member States should:

5(a) 5(a) treat public funding of scientific research and experimental development research and development as a form of public investment the returns on which are, for the most part, necessarily long term;

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Recommend replacing « a form of public investment… » with «… as a form of public investment to build a safer and more prosperous society for all.”

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Traiter les questions liées au financement public de la recherche-développement, comme une forme d'investissement qui, n'est généralement profitable qu'à long terme;

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treat public funding of research and development as a form of public investment, the returns on which are, for the most part, necessarily long term;

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Le a peut être supprimé car sans intérêt majeur.

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Traiter le financement public de la recherche scientifique et du développement expérimental comme une forme d'investissement qui, par la force des choses, n'est généralement profitable qu'à long terme;

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Traiter le financement public de la recherche et du développement comme une forme d'investissement qui, par la force des choses, n'est généralement profitable qu'à long terme et accepter que cette sorte d’investissement peut ne pas être rentable car il peut favoriser l’avancement spirituel de l’humanité.

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Afn d’assurer une meilleure cohérence dans les termes employés, modifier la phrase pour indiquer «Traiter le financement public en recherche et développement ». Tout laisse croire qu’il s’agisse d’un problème de traduction.

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Nous suggérons aussi de remplacer le terme « forme d’inves ssement » par celui de « priorité d’inves ssement ».

5(a bis) promote investment in science, technology and innovation by public, private and non-profit sources at least to a level ensuring that it accomplishes the role as described in paragraph 4;

(a bis) promouvoir l’investissement dans la science, la technologie et l’innovation provenant de sources publiques, privées et d’organismes à but non lucratif, à un niveau suffisant pour assurer au moins la mission énoncée au paragraphe 4 ;

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Change the word ‘paragraph’ to ‘article’ and remove “…at least…” xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

promouvoir l’investissement dans la science, la technologie et l’innovation, en mettant suffisamment à profit, les fonds publics, privés et, les organisations à but non lucratif, pour assurer au moins la mission énoncée au paragraphe 4 ;

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(a bis) promote investment in science, technology and innovation from public, private and non-profit sources at least to a level ensuring that it accomplishes the role as described in paragraph 4;

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promouvoir l’investissement dans la science, la technologie et l’innovation provenant de sources publiques, privées, d’organismes à but non lucratif ou de bailleurs de fonds étrangers, à un niveau suffisant pour assurer au moins la mission énoncée au paragraphe 4 ;

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À mettre à la place du a. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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promote investment in science, technology and innovation by public, private and non-profit sources at least to a level ensuring that it accomplishes the role, as described in paragraph 4, is accomplished;

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(a bis) should include reference to social science. Paragraph 4(f) states the significance of investment in social sciences for peace building - this requires the social science perspectives to also be included in this section. eg promote investment in natural and social sciences, technology and innovation by public, private

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promote investment in science, technology and innovation by public, private and non-profit sources so it may accomplish the role as described in paragraph 4;

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promouvoir l’investissement dans la science, la technologie et l’innovation provenant de sources publiques et privées, à un niveau suffisant pour assurer au moins la mission énoncée au paragraphe 4 ;

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Pour plus de cohérence, nous suggérons d’utiliser le terme « sciences » qui est plus inclusif que le terme «la science, la technologie et l’innovation ».

Le terme ferait alors référence à la définition incluse en 1 a)ii.

5(b) 5(b) take all appropriate measures to ensure that the justification for, and indeed

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the indispensability of such expenditure is held constantly before public opinion;

(b) Prendre toutes les mesures voulues pour que l'opinion publique soit constamment tenue informée de la justification, voire même de la nécessité de ces dépenses ;

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Prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires afin que l'opinion publique soit constamment tenue informée des enjeux de la recherche, de l’utilisation des résultats et, de la justification des dépenses ;

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take all appropriate measures to ensure that the justification for, and indeed the indispensability of such expenditure is publicly available;

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take all appropriate measures to ensure that the justification for, and indeed the indispensability of such expenditure is kept constantly before public opinion;

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En 5 b), le terme dépenses peut avoir une connotation négative. Nous suggérons de modifier la fin de la phrase pour indiquer : « de la nécessité et de l’utilité de ces investissements ».

5(c) take all appropriate measures to foster a dialogue with society as a whole on this investment, the stakes in research and the application of its results, including on ethical issues;

(c) prendre toutes les mesures voulues pour

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Add ‘development’ after ‘research’ and rewrite as « …research and development and their application.. » After ‘ethical’ add ‘and social, cultural and legal…

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take all appropriate measures to foster a dialogue with society as a whole on the investment in the research, the stakes involved and the application of its results, including ethical issues;

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favoriser le dialogue avec la société dans son ensemble au sujet de ces investissements, des enjeux de la recherche et de l’application de ses résultats, notamment sur le plan des problèmes éthiques ;

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There should be a possibility to communicate the diversity of the society in the respect of gender issue. Show that scientists are also women.

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take all appropriate measures to foster a dialogue with society as a whole on this investment, the stakes in research and development, and the application of its results, including on ethical issues;

Reason: Since I1. (d)(i) defines researchers as those engaging in and having responsibility for "research and development", "development " should be added.

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Provision 5: proposal to add (c) – provide both basic and applied sciences sufficient resources to interdependently carry out research

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Il nous semble que les articles 5 c) et 5 d) devraient être combinés.

5(d) seek the strengthening of public trust and support for sciences through a vigorous and informed democratic debate on the production and use of scientific knowledge

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx In d) after debate include the following « …including science communication and education… »

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(d) s’efforcer de renforcer la confiance et le soutien du public en faveur des sciences seek the strengthening of public trust and support for sciencesdans le cadre d’un débat démocratique vigoureux et éclairé sur la production et l’utilisation du savoir scientifique ;

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renforcer la confiance et le soutien du public en faveur des sciences, dans le cadre d’un débat vigoureux et éclairé, sur la production et l’utilisation de la connaissance scientifique ;

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seek the strengthening of public trust and support for sciences through a vigorous and informed democratic debate on the production and use of scientific knowledge;

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s’efforcer de montrer les bénéfices que les sciences peuvent apporter au bien-être de l’individu.

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s’efforcer de renforcer la confiance et le soutien du public en faveur des sciences dans le cadre d’un débat démocratique vigoureux et éclairé sur la production et l’utilisation du savoir scientifique, avec en amont la vulgarisation scientifique via tous les moyens d’information et de communication afin de mettre le public au courant de certains défis de la science.

5(e) promote synergy and collaboration for the financing of scientific research for long term goals.

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encourager les synergies et les collaborations nationales et internationales au service du financement de la recherche scientifique visant des objectifs à long terme.

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(e) encourager la synergie et la collaboration au service du financement de la recherche scientifique visant des objectifs à long terme.

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Rajout de : à moyen

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promote synergy and collaboration for the sustainable financing of scientific research for long term goals

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promote synergy and collaboration for the financing of scientific research and development for long term goals.

reason: Since I1. (d)(i) defines researchers as those engaging in and having responsibility for "research and development", "development" should be added.

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encourager la synergie et la collaboration au service du financement de la recherche scientifique visant des objectifs à long terme.

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L’amendement en 5 e) est excellent! Cela constitute une précision importante.

6 6. Member States should make every effort to translate into terms of international policies and practices, their awareness of

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx It is not clear what this article is attempting to promote. Does this article aim to suggest that Member States should write their national policies

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the need to apply science and technology in a great variety of specific fields of wider than national concern. : namely, such vast and complex problems as the preservation of international peace and the elimination of want and other problems which can only be effectively tackled on an international basis, such as pollution monitoring and control, weather forecasting and earthquake prediction.

6. Les États membres devraient faire tous leurs efforts pour traduire en termes de politiques et pratiques internationales la conscience qu'ils ont de la nécessité d'appliquer la science et la technologie dans de nombreux domaines dont l'intérêt dépasse les frontières de leur territoire. , à savoir des problèmes aussi vastes et

within the frameworks of international policies? If so, it should be stated more directly and clearly.

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Les États membres devraient fournir beaucoup d’efforts pour traduire en termes de politiques et de plans d’actions, la nécessité d'appliquer la science et la technologie dans de nombreux domaines dont l'intérêt dépasse leurs frontières

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Member States should make every effort to translate into terms of international policies and practices, their awareness of the need to apply science and technology to a great variety of specific fields, sometimes wider than the national concern.

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it is not necessary to make every effort to translate into terms of information policies and practices

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Member States should make every effort to translate into terms of international policies and practices, their awareness of the need to apply science and technology in a great variety of specific fields of wider than national concern.

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complexes que la sauvegarde de la paix internationale et l'élimination de la misère ainsi qu'à d'autres problèmes ne pouvant être efficacement résolus qu'à l'échelle internationale, tels que : surveillance et prévention en matière de pollution, prévision météorologique et prévision sismique.

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-- -- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

6bis. Member States should create the environment to ensure scientists who give policy advice do it in a transparent and accountable manner free of conflict of interest especially in the political sense.

7 7. Member States should cultivate opportunities for scientific researchers to participate in evaluating and developing the outlining of national scientific research and experimental development science, technology and innovation

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The order of the terms evaluating and developing should be inverted to show the more general process of policy development and evaluation.

After “..national…” insert “…social, environmental…”

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policy. In particular, each Member State should ensure that these policy processes are supported by appropriate institutional mechanisms enjoying adequate advice and assistance from scientific researchers and their professional organizations, as well as other stakeholders, and society as a whole.

7. Les États membres devraient ménager aux chercheurs scientifiques la possibilité de participer à l’évaluation et à l'élaboration des orientations de la politique nationale en matière de science, de technologie et d’innovation recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental. En particulier, chaque État membre devrait faire en sorte que cette élaboration politique

Les États membres devraient encourager les chercheurs à participer à l’évaluation et à l'élaboration des orientations de la politique nationale en matière de science, de technologie et d’innovation. En particulier, chaque État membre devrait faire en sorte que l’élaboration de cette politique s'appuie sur des procédures faisant appel aux concours des chercheurs scientifiques et de leurs organisations professionnelles, ainsi qu’à d’autres parties prenantes et, à la société dans son ensemble.

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Member States should develop opportunities for scientific researchers to participate in evaluating and developing national science, technology and innovation policies. In particular, each Member State should ensure that these policy processes are supported by appropriate institutional mechanisms benefitting from adequate advice and assistance from scientific researchers and their professional organizations, as well as other stakeholders, and society as a whole.

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En conséquence de l'amendement non approuvé : suppression des passages en jaune :

Les États membres devraient ménager aux chercheurs scientifiques la possibilité de participer à l’évaluation et à l'élaboration des orientations de la politique nationale en matière de science, de technologie et d’innovation. En particulier, chaque État membre devrait faire en sorte que cette élaboration politique s'appuie sur des procédures appropriées faisant appel aux avis et au concours des chercheurs scientifiques et de leurs organisations professionnelles, ainsi qu’à d’autres parties prenantes et à la société dans son ensemble.

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s'appuie sur des procédures appropriées faisant appel aux avis et au concours des chercheurs scientifiques et de leurs organisations professionnelles, ainsi qu’à d’autres parties prenantes et à la société dans son ensemble.

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Member States should cultivate opportunities for scientific researchers to participate in evaluating and developing and evaluating the outlining of national scientific research and experimental development science, technology and innovation policy. In particular, each Member State should ensure that these policy processes are supported by appropriate institutional mechanisms enjoying adequate advice and assistance from scientific researchers and their professional organizations, as well as other stakeholders, and society as a whole.

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Amend by adding “equal”: “Member States should cultivate equal opportunities...”

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Chaque État membre devrait accorder aux chercheurs scientifiques la possibilité de participer à l’évaluation et à l'élaboration de la politique nationale en matière de science, de technologie et d’innovation.

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Les États membres devraient ménager aux chercheurs scientifiques la possibilité de participer à l’évaluation et à l'élaboration des orientations de la politique nationale en matière de science, de technologie et d’innovation. En particulier, chaque État membre devrait faire en sorte que cette élaboration politique s'appuie sur des procédures appropriées faisant appel aux avis et au concours des chercheurs scientifiques et de leurs organisations professionnelles, ainsi qu’à d’autres parties prenantes et à la société dans son ensemble. Le chercheur doit rendre compte de tout en étant pas assujetti à l’obligation de résultats immédiats.

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Dans certains contextes nationaux, le terme « organisations professionnelles » interpelle des organisations auxquelles les chercheurs ne font pas nécessairement pati e. Nous suggérons de retirer ce terme.

Pour plus de cohérence, nous suggérons d’utiliser le terme « sciences » qui est plus inclusif que le terme «la science, la technologie et l’innovtion ».

Le terme ferait alors référence à la dé ni on incluse en 1 a)ii.

8 8. Each Member State should institute procedures adapted to its needs for ensuring that, in the performance of publicly supported scientific research and experimental development, scientific researchers respect public accountability while at the same time enjoying the degree of autonomy appropriate to their task and to the advancement of science and technology. It should be fully taken into account that creative activities of scientific researchers should be promoted in the national

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Chaque État membre devrait instituer des procédures adaptées à ses besoins afin que, dans l'exécution des travaux de recherche-développement, les chercheurs puissent s'acquitter correctement de leur tâche à l'égard de la collectivité, tout en jouissant de l'autonomie due à l'exercice de leurs fonctions. Il convient de tenir pleinement compte du fait que les politiques nationales devraient promouvoir l'activité créatrice des chercheurs en respectant scrupuleusement l'autonomie et la liberté, qui sont indispensables pour le progrès de la science.

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Each Member State should institute procedures adapted to its needs for ensuring that, in the performance of research and development, scientific researchers are publicly accountable while at the same time enjoying the degree of autonomy appropriate to their task and to the advancement of science and technology. It should be emphasized that creative activities of scientific researchers should be promoted in national policy with utmost due respect for their autonomy and freedom of action to conduct research necessary to scientific progress.

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science policy on the basis of utmost respect for the autonomy and freedom of research necessary to scientific progress.

8. Chaque État membre devrait instituer des procédures adaptées à ses besoins pour garantir que, dans l'exécution des travaux de recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental bénéficiant de l'aide des pouvoirs publics, les chercheurs scientifiques s'acquittent de leur tâche à l'égard de la collectivité tout en jouissant de l'autonomie appropriée à l'exercice de leurs fonctions et au progrès de la science et de la technologie. Il convient de tenir pleinement compte du fait que la les politiques scientifique nationales devraient favoriser l'activité créatrice des chercheurs scientifiques en respectant scrupuleusement

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Chaque État membre devrait instituer des procédures adaptées à ses besoins pour garantir que, dans l'exécution des travaux de recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental bénéficiant de l'aide des pouvoirs publics, les chercheurs scientifiques s'acquittent de leur tâche à l'égard de la collectivité tout en jouissant de l'autonomie appropriée à l'exercice de leurs fonctions et au progrès de la science et de la technologie. Il convient de tenir pleinement compte du fait que les politiques scientifiques nationales devraient favoriser l'activité créatrice des chercheurs scientifiques en respectant scrupuleusement l'autonomie et la liberté de la recherche qui sont nécessaires au progrès scientifique.

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The following issue needs stronger emphasis in the text, as this highlights the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved:

• Human rights: explicit reference to the specific rights of researchers including the freedom of expression, movement, mobility, association in reference to the Convention

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Try to address in 8 this idea:

• Each country including xxxxx should have its own vision regarding the researches that manage to find solutions for problems either health or others. A research plan should be distributed around universities and research centers annually and should be evaluated at the end of every year instead of the current status

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l'autonomie et la liberté de la recherche qui sont nécessaires au progrès scientifique.

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which results in the repetition of useless researches resulting from the dis integrity and lack of coordination between universities and research centers. (otherwise could be addressed in 9)

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De façon générale, la no on de la liberté de la recherche mérite une a en on plus importante que celle qui lui est accordée dans le document. Il s’agit d’un principe fondamental en recherche qui subit des pressions accrues.

Pour préserver la cohérence du texte, il vaut mieux utiliser le terme « recherche et développement » consacré à l’article 1 c) iii) des définitions. Nous suggérons de re tier le « de » qui semble avoir été ajouté lors de la traduction.

9 9. With the above ends in view, and with respect for the principle of freedom of movement of scientific researchers, Member States should be concerned to create that general climate, and to provide those specific measures for the moral and material support and encouragement of scientific researchers, as will:

9. Compte tenu des objectifs ci-dessus et en veillant à

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Try to address in 9 these ideas:

• Scientific research which results are applicable would be of no benefit and is a waste of time and effort

• Individual research should be stopped as the working and participation of many researchers together guarantees the scientific ethics and honesty of research Also the researches extracted from thesis are not less worthy (otherwise this could appear at 17bis)

• Each country including xxxxx should have its own vision regarding the researches that manage to find solutions for problems either health or others. A research plan should be distributed around universities and research centers annually and should be evaluated at the end of every year instead of the current status which results in the repetition of useless researches resulting from

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respecter le principe de la liberté de circulation des chercheurs scientifiques, les États membres devraient s'attacher à créer le climat général voulu, et prendre des mesures propres à apporter aux chercheurs scientifiques le soutien et l'encouragement moral et matériel nécessaires, afin :

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the dis integrity and lack of coordination between universities and research centers. (otherwise this could appear at 8)

9(a) 9(a) ensure that young people of high calibre find sufficient attraction in the vocation, and sufficient confidence in scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development as a career offering reasonable prospects and a fair degree of security, to maintain a constantly adequate regeneration of the nation’s scientific and technological personnel;

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At 9 (a) after « young people » add « especially young people of all genders and members of underrepresented groups » At 9(a) remove “…and a fair degree of security…”

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Que de jeunes gens de valeur soient suffisamment attirés par la profession de chercheur et, qu’ils y trouvent des perspectives de carrière avec, une sécurité garantie quant à l'emploi, dans le souci de faire renouveler constamment l'effectif du personnel scientifique de la nation ;

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Amend by adding (a) ensure that young people of high calibre find sufficient attraction in the vocation, and sufficient confidence in research and

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(a) Que des jeunes gens de valeur soient suffisamment attirés par la profession de chercheur scientifique et y voient des perspectives de carrière et une sécurité d'emploi suffisantes pour que l'effectif du personnel scientifique et technologique de la nation puisse se renouveler constamment et de façon adéquate ;

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development as a career offering reasonable prospects and a fair degree of security, avoiding gender bias that may contribute to an uneven choice of field of expertise in the different levels of education, to maintain a constantly adequate regeneration of the nation’s scientific and technological personnel;

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ensure that young women and men people of high calibre find sufficient attraction…

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remove “sufficient” in both instances xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Que des jeunes qualifies soient suffisamment attirés par la profession de chercheur scientifique et y voient des perspectives de carrière et une sécurité d'emploi suffisantes pour que l'effectif du personnel scientifique et technologique de la nation puisse se renouveler constamment et de façon adéquate ;

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Provision 9: proposal to add after (a) – put in place school curriculum that provides inquiry-based learning which is a pre-requisite for instilling science researcher culture at an early age; mentorship programs should be supported for youth people

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En a), nous suggérons de remplacer le terme les « jeunes gens de valeur » par les « jeunes » pour éviter les jugements de valeur.

9(b) 9(b) facilitate the emergence and stimulate the appropriate growth, among its own citizens, of a body of scientific researchers regarding themselves and regarded by their colleagues throughout the world as worthy members of the international scientific and technological community;

(b) Que, dans la population, se constitue et se développe comme il convient un corps de chercheurs scientifiques qui se considéreront et seront considérés, par leurs collègues du monde entier, comme des membres de la communauté scientifique et technologique internationale dignes de ce nom ;

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Que, dans la population, se constitue et se développe comme il convient un corps de chercheurs scientifiques qui se considèrent et sont considérés par leurs collègues du monde entier, comme des membres de la communauté scientifique internationale dignes de ce nom ;

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9(c) 9(c) encourage a situation in which the majority of those scientific researchers (or young people who aspire to become scientific researchers) who seek some of their education, training or experience abroad, to return and to work in their country. are provided with the necessary incentives to work in the service of their country and to return there if they seek some of their education, training or experience abroad.

(c) De favoriserD’encourager la création d'une situation propre à fournir à la majorité desles chercheurs scientifiques (ou ldes jeunes gens qui aspirent à le devenir) partis acquérir à l'étranger une partie de leur éducation, de leur formation ou de leur expérience, à revenir travailler dans leur pays. les motivations nécessaires

(c) encourage those scientific researchers (or young people who aspire to become scientific researchers) who seek some of their education, training or experience abroad, to return and to work in their country, by ensuring proper research conditions as proposed in paragraphs 4 and 20. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

D’encourager les chercheurs (ou les jeunes gens qui aspirent à le devenir) et, qui sont partis à l'étranger pour un renforcement de capacités, à revenir travailler dans leur pays.

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Remplacer le passage en jaune par : d’œuvrer au service de leur pays (rédaction initiale):

de leur formation ou de leur expérience, à revenir travailler dans leur pays.

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encourage a situation for those scientific researchers (or young people who aspire to become scientific researchers) who seek some of their education, training or experience abroad, to return and to work in their country.

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how does this fit the desirable freedom of movement of scientific researchers? The paragraph is not applicable under all circumstances. [consider deleting]

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pour œuvrer au service de leur pays et pour y revenir s'ils vont acquérir à l'étranger une partie de leur éducation, de leur formation ou de leur expérience.

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En c), il serait dommage d’oublier la notion de mobilité des chercheurs qui est si présente dans la recherche.

-- -- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

9(d) We recommend adding (d) as below: d) Address special needs of female scientific researchers by providing incentives such as child care facilities and smooth return to career after a maternity and family break.

10 III. The initial education and training of scientific researchers

10. Member States should have regard for the fact that effective scientific research calls for scientific researchers of integrity and maturity, combining high moral and intellectual qualities and respect for ethical principles.

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We recommend replacing maturity with intellectual maturity to read “….researcher of integrity and intellectual maturity, combining…”

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Les États membres ne devraient pas perdre de vue que, pour être efficace, la recherche scientifique exige des chercheurs, des qualités morales et intellectuelles, entre autres, l’intégrité, la maturité et, le respect des principes éthiques.

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III. L’éducation et la formation initiales des chercheurs scientifiques

10. Les États membres ne devraient pas perdre de vue que, pour être efficace, la recherche scientifique exige des chercheurs qui l'accomplissent des qualités d'intégrité et de maturité, alliées àalliant d'éminentes qualités morales et intellectuelles au respect des principes éthiques.

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Member States should have regard for the fact that effective scientific research calls for scientific researchers of integrity and maturity, combining high moral and intellectual qualities and respect for ethical principles. and negularions [sic]

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Member States should have regard for the fact that effective scientific research calls for scientific researchers of integrity and maturity, combining high moral and intellectual qualities and respect for ethical principles.

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Les États membres ne devraient pas perdre de vue que, pour être efficace, la recherche scientifique exige des chercheurs qui l'accomplissent des qualités d'intégrité et de maturité, alliant d'éminentes qualités morales et intellectuelles au respect des principes éthiques. Les États devraient aussi élaborer les critères de reconnaissance de ces qualités.

11 11. Among the measures which To assist the emergence of scientific researchers of this high calibre, Member States should take measures to assist the emergence of scientific researchers of this high calibre are:

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To assist the emergence of scientific researchers of high calibre, Member States should take measures to:

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Statement fragmentation is needed

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11. Pour favoriser la constitution d'un corps de chercheurs scientifiques de cette valeur, les États membres devraient notamment :

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Among the measures which To assist the emergence of scientific researchers of this high caliber, Member States should take measures to assist the emergence of scientific researchers of this high calibre are:

11(a) 11(a) ensuring ensure that, without discrimination on the basis of race, colour, descent, sex, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national origin, ethnic origin, or social origin, economic or social condition or birth, disability or sexual orientation, all citizens enjoy equal opportunities for the initial education and training needed to qualify for scientific research work, as well as ensuring that all citizens who succeed in so qualifying enjoy equal access to available employment in scientific research; in addition, in

(a) ensure that, without discrimination on the basis of race, colour, descent, sex, gender, sexual orientation, language, religion, political or other opinion, national origin, ethnic origin, or social origin, economic or social condition or birth, disability or immigration status or sexual orientation, all citizens enjoy equal opportunities for the initial education and training needed to qualify for scientific research work, as well as ensuring that all citizens who succeed in so qualifying enjoy equal access to available employment in scientific research; in addition, in order to remediate inequalities and patterns of exclusion, Member States should take measures to actively encourage girls and women and under-represented groups in science; xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

ensure that, without discrimination on the basis of race, colour, descent, sex, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national origin, ethnic origin or social origin,

economic or social condition or birth, disability or sexual orientation, all citizens enjoy equal opportunities for the initial education and training needed to qualify for scientific research work, as well as ensuring that all citizens who succeed in so qualifying enjoy equal access to available employment in scientific research. In addition, in order to remediate

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order to remediate inequalities and patterns of exclusion, Member States should take measures to actively encourage girls and women and under-represented groups in science;

(a) Faire en sorte que tous leurs ressortissants, sans distinction de race, de couleur, d’ascendance, de sexe, de genre, de langue, de religion, d'opinion politique ou de toute autre opinion, d'origine nationale, ethnique ou sociale, de condition économique ou sociale, ou de naissance, de handicap ou d’orientation sexuelle jouissent de la même possibilité d'acquérir une éducation et une formation initiales qui les rendent aptes à la recherche scientifique, et que tous ceux qui ont acquis cette aptitude jouissent de la même possibilité d'accès

inequalities and patterns of exclusion, Member States should take measures to actively encourage girls and women and under-represented groups in science to avail of the opportunities;

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modifier en supprimant ceci « ...d’orientation sexuelle... » à la quatrième (4ième) ligne. La sexualité est organisée par des règles conventionnelles variables selon les sociétés et selon les époques. Sous ce rapport, elle ne saurait être confinée dans des considérations universelles. En effet, chaque société, au nom de la liberté et de la souveraineté mais aussi, conformément à ses valeurs identificatrices, se garde le droit de lui donner un contenu.

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Statement fragmentation is needed xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Supprimmer le passage en jaune :

en outre, afin de lutter contre les inégalités et les schémas d’exclusion, les États membres devraient prendre des mesures visant à encourager activement les filles et les femmes ainsi que les groupes sous-représentés dans le domaine de la science ;

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Amend by adding : ensure that, without discrimination on the basis of race, colour, descent, sex, gender, sex orientation, language, religion, political or other opinion, national origin, ethnic origin, or social origin, economic or social condition or birth, disability…

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aux emplois existants dans la recherche scientifique ; en outre, afin de lutter contre les inégalités et les schémas d’exclusion, les États membres devraient prendre des mesures visant à encourager activement les filles et les femmes ainsi que les groupes sous-représentés dans le domaine de la science ;

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ensure that, without discrimination on the basis of race, colour, descent, sex, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national origin, ethnic origin, or social origin, economic or social condition or birth, disability, all citizens enjoy equal opportunities for the initial education and training needed to qualify for scientific research work, as well as ensuring that all citizens who succeed in so qualifying enjoy equal access to available employment in scientific research; in addition, in order to remediate inequalities and patterns of exclusion, Member States should take measures to actively encourage girls and women and under-represented groups in science

Note explicative: En réitérant les propos sur l'inadmissibilité de la discrimination en raison d'âge, de sexe, de la race, de la couleur de la peau et d'autres critères traditionnels, les auteurs des amendements suivent les dernières tendances en vogue en Europe et ajoutent à la liste les personnes de l'orientation sexuelle non traditionnelle. Cette proposition semble être contestable. Sur le plan professionnel, les préférences sexuelles, gastronomiques ou politiques du chercheur devraient être indifférentes pour son statut. La nécessité de mettre en relief dans le Statut des chercheurs les minorités sexuelles en tant qu’un groupe qui aurait besoin d’une protection spéciale est très douteuse.

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Take together sex, gender and sexual orientation, add sexual orientation, add age

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Faire en sorte que tous leurs ressortissants, sans distinction de race, de couleur, d’ascendance, de sexe, de genre, de langue, de religion, d'opinion politique ou de toute autre opinion, d'origine nationale, ethnique ou sociale, de condition économique ou sociale, ou de naissance, de handicap ou

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d’orientation sexuelle jouissent de la même possibilité d'acquérir une éducation et une formation initiales qui les rendent aptes à la recherche scientifique, et que l’ accès aux emplois existants dans la recherche scientifique dépende des compétences professionnelles

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En n de texte, nous proposons de modi er le terme « le domaine de la science » pour inclure « les sciences » plus inclusif qui fait référence à la dé ni on en 1 a)ii.

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Replace all after “Member States should…” with “…should take measures that actively encourage women and under-represented groups to consider careers in science and endeavour to eliminate biases against women and under-represented groups in scientific research work environments and evaluation.””

11(b) 11(b) remove barriers to full enjoyment of such equal opportunities.

(b)supprimer les entraves à la pleine réalisation de cette égalité des chances ;

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supprimer les entraves à la pleine réalisation de cette égalité des chances ;

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supprimer les entraves à la pleine réalisation de cette égalité des chances tout en favorisant l’effort personnel et décourager la posture de victime ;

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En b), il nous apparaît qu’il est possible d’être un peu plus exigeant dans la formula on de cet ar cle. Nous suggérons de remplacer la phrase par la

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phrase suivante : Prendre les mesures pour surmonter l’iniquité des chances.

11(bc) encouragement of the spirit of community service both to their compatriots and to their fellow human beings in general, and of responsibility towards future generations, and towards the earth including all its ecosystems, its sustainable development and its convervation, as an important element in their such education and training for scientific workers.

(c) Encourager chez les chercheurs scientifiques, comme élément important de leur éducation et de leur formation, l'esprit de dévouement au service de la communautéde leurs compatriotes et de l’humanité en général, ainsi que leur sentiment de

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Encourager chez les chercheurs scientifiques, l'esprit de dévouement au service et, le sentiment de responsabilité envers les générations futures et la planète, en prenant en compte le développement durable et la conservation des écosystèmes.

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Mettre après le ; du b : en outre, afin de lutter contre les inégalités et les schémas d'exclusion, invite les États membres et autres acteurs de la recherche scientifique d'accorder, quel que soit le genre, l' appartenance géographique, sociale ou culturelle, une égale reconnaissance à la contribution des chercheurs à l'avancement des sciences et au traitement des questions de société qui en naissent;

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encouragement of the spirit of community service both to their compatriots and to their fellow human beings in general, and of responsibility towards future generations, and towards the earth including all its ecosystems, its sustainable development and its consvervation, as an important element in their such education and training for scientific workers.

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encourage the spirit of service both to their compatriots and to their fellow human beings in general, and of responsibility towards future generations, and towards the earth including all its ecosystems, its sustainable

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responsabilité envers les générations futures et la planète, notamment du point de vue de l’ensemble de ses écosystèmes, de son développement durable et de sa conservation qui constitue un élément important de cette éducation et de cette formation.

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management and development and its conservation, as an important element in their education and training.

Argument: the term “conservation” is seldom used for natural resources and ecosystems. The term “management” is commonly used and more suitable.

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Amend by adding “and fair utilization”: “...its sustainable and fair utilization and its conservation, as an important element in their education and training.”

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Correct typo in (c): conservation

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1. The following issue needs stronger emphasis in the text, as this highlights the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved:

Responsibilities: emphasise the current strength of the Recommendation in reference to the responsibility of researchers to improve human well-being in collaboration with those whose well-being is being addressed and the call on researchers to take on this responsibility

2. Mention ‘sustainability’ as a key principle guiding the Recommendation. The term underpins a range of considerations relating to the ethics of science, open science, data use, diversity and inclusion. (We however suggest to avoid using the concept of the Sustainable Development Goals due to their temporary nature.)

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A broader reference to the environment and not only humankind would be appropriate —for instance the reference to "responsibility towards future generations, and towards the earth, including all its ecosystems" (in 11(c)).

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Le point c) est une redite de l’ati cle 13. Nous suggérons de le retirer pour conserver l’article 13 uniquement. De plus, nous réitérons notre demande de porter a en on à ce que la recherche fondamentale soit aussi valorisée dans le document.

12 12. So far as is compatible with the necessary and proper independence of educators, Member States should lend their support to all educational initiatives designed to foster that spirit, such as:

12. Dans toute la mesure compatible avec l'indépendance appropriée dont doivent jouir les éducateurs, les États membres devraient apporter leur soutien à toutes les initiatives

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After “educational initiatives” add “both formal and informal”

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Les États membres devraient apporter leur soutien à toutes les initiatives éducatives destinées à:

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Le contenu de l’article 12 b et 12 c (page 19) va complètement à l’encontre des pratiques universitaires au Québec. La recommandation s’adresse à l’État, mais le gouvernement au Québec n’est pas responsable des contenus des programmes de formation ni des cours universitaires. C’est une prérogative exclusive des établissements.

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éducatives destinées à encourager le développement de cet esprit et consistant par exemple :

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Memeber states should create meassures to encourage girls to study STEM disciplinse as well as support boys to choose those disciplinces dealing more with education and care.

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We suggest: "..., Member States should lend their support to educational initiatives..." We thus suggest to delete "all", as not all such initiatives are worthy of support, as other quality criteria are not always met.

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Try to add in 12 or as 12 bis these ideas:

• The scientific curriculum do not differ from one country to the other. Simply, I wonder why they should not be transferred, as they are, to the xxxxx Universities without any change, as we amend them, alleging that that should be adopted to suit xxxxx, while all scientific issues are constant. Most developed countries in the field should be selected and what is taught there should be transferred. The only point of difference will be in subjects like history, geography and national education, and not in constant scientific issues

• We must admit that most of curriculum include a lot of information that should not be there. If we need such information, we can resort to its own references. All needed is to train students and researchers on how to get the information, from different resources.

(otherwise these ideas might be addressed in 16 bis?)

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12(a) 12(a) strengthen sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics education, in schools and other settings;

(a) renforcer l’enseignement des sciences, des technologies, de l’ingénierie et des mathématiques à l’école ou dans d’autres cadres ;

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should mention social sciences given their role in understanding and promoting peaceful societies eg strengthen all sciences,

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renforcer l’enseignement des sciences, des technologies, de l’ingénierie, des mathématiques, de la physique et de la logique, à l’école ou dans d’autres cadres ;

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strengthen sciences and technology education, in schools and other

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Nous suggérons de modifier la phrase en 12 a) pour la suivante : renforcer l’enseignement des sciences à l’école.

12(b) the incorporation incorporate or development, in the sciences, technology, engineering and mathematics curricula and courses, concerning the natural sciences and technology, of elements of social and environmental sciences, art and design; and

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After “environmental sciences” add “…and in curricula and courses concerning social sciences, elements of natural science and technology.” Remove “environmental sciences”

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Incorporer dans les programmes et cours ayant trait aux sciences et, à la technologie, des éléments de sciences sociales et, de sciences de l'environnement, d’art et de design ; les développer s'ils y figurent déjà ; et

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vice versa for social and environmental sciences;

(b) A incorporer dans les programmes et cours ayant trait aux sciences, exactes et naturelles et à la technologie, aux sciences de l’ingénieur et aux mathématiques, des éléments de sciences sociales et de sciences de l'environnement, d’art et de design, ou les développer s'ils y figurent déjà ; et inversement pour ce qui est des sciences sociales et des sciences de l’environnement ;

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inversement pour ce qui est des sciences sociales et des sciences de l’environnement ;

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Incorporate elements of social and environmental sciences, art and design in sciences, technology, …, as well as vice versa for social and environmental sciences, art and design;

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We do not agree with prescribing higher education institutions to incorporate elements of other fields to their curricula or courses in a certain field. Instead, we suggest to put outcomes in focus, and support of defining general competences relevant for all graduates, irrespective of their fields of studies.

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Ne pas incorporer, dans les programmes et cours ayant trait aux sciences exactes, des éléments de sciences sociales ou de sciences de l'environnement, et de les enlever s'ils y figurent déjà.

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incorporate or develop, in sciences and technology curricula and courses, elements of social and environmental sciences, art and design; and vice versa for social and environmental sciences;

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We suggest to avoid mentioning various disciplines of sciences, as it will prove difficult to be inclusive in this respect. We recommend to follow the OECD definition to represent all fields of science in four main lines: natural sciences, engineering, social sciences and humanities2 which could be included in Chapter I (definitions).

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Addition of "language and communication" in the curricula xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Les sciences de l’environnement sont indiquées à deux reprises dans la phrase.

12(c) incorporate or develop in each domain’s curricula and courses the ethical dimensions of science and of research;

(c) tenir compte, dans les programmes et cours de chacun de ces domaines, des dimensions éthiques de la science et de la recherche, ou les développer si elles y figurent déjà ;

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incorporate or develop in each domain’s curricula and courses the ethical dimensions of science and of research and development;

reason: Since I1. (d)(i) defines researchers as those engaging in and having responsibility for "research and development", "development” should be added.

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En c), nous proposons de terminer la phrase au mot « recherche. » Il semble y avoir eu un ajout non nécessaire lors de la traduction.

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12(b) 12(db) the development and use of educational techniques for awakening and stimulating such personal qualities and habits of mind as:

b.(d) A mettre au point et appliquer des techniques éducatives de nature à susciter et stimuler des qualités et attitudes d'esprit personnelles telles que :

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Mettre au point et, appliquer des techniques éducatives, de nature à susciter et stimuler les qualités et attitudes telles que :

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Add to i) critical thinking

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Ajouter un point (vi) qui stipule ce qui est écrit ci-dessous

12(b)(i) 12(d)(i)disinterestedness and intellectual integrity, sensitivity to conflict of interest, respect for ethical principles pertaining to research;

(i) Le désintéressement et l'intégrité intellectuelle, la vigilance à l’égard des conflits d’intérêt, le respect

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At d i) add « and development’ after ‘research’. And add “including equality and diversity” after “…pertaining to research.”

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Après le « ; » du i : la vigilance à l’égard des conflits d’intérêt, l'attachement aux valeurs de liberté, d'indépendance, d'éthique professionnelle et de responsabilité sociale,

(Le désintéressement et l'intégrité intellectuelle, la vigilance à l’égard des conflits d’intérêt, le respect des principes éthiques en matière de recherche)

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des principes éthiques en matière de recherche ;

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L'intégrité intellectuelle ;

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L’intégrité en recherche interpelle un ensemble de comportements et de ré exion sur ses ac ons. En i), nous suggérons de re rer le mot « intellectuelle » à la suite d’« intégrité » a n d’inclure toutes ses dimensions.

12(b)(ii) 12(d)(ii) the ability to review a problem or situation in perspective and in proportion, with all its human implications;

(ii) L'aptitude à examiner un problème ou une situation non seulement en conservant le sens de la perspective et de la proportion mais aussi en tenant compte de toutes ses incidences humaines;

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the ability to review a problem or situation in perspective and in proportion, with all its human implications;

12(b)(iii) 12(d)(iii) skill in isolating the civic and ethical implications, in issues

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involving the search for new knowledge and which may at first sight seem to be of a technical nature only;

(iii) L'aptitude à percevoir les incidences civiques et éthiques de problèmes exigeant l'acquisition de connaissances nouvelles et qui, à première vue, peuvent sembler n'avoir qu'un caractère technique;

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L'aptitude à percevoir les incidences civiques et éthiques des phénomènes exigeant l'acquisition de connaissances nouvelles et qui, à première vue, peuvent sembler n'avoir qu'un caractère technique

12(b)(iv) 12(d)(iv) vigilance as to the probable and possible social and ecological consequences of scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development activities;

(iv) La promptitude à entrevoir les conséquences sociales et écologiques probables et possibles des activités de recherche

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scientifique et de développement expérimental;

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12(b)(v) 12(d)(v) willingness to communicate with others not only in scientific and technological circles but also outside those circles, which implies willingness to work in a team and in a multi-occupational context.

La disposition à communiquer avec les autres, non seulement au sein des milieux scientifiques et technologiques, mais aussi en dehors, ce qui implique la disposition à travailler en équipe et avec des travailleurs d'autres professions.

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At d v) after “those circles” add “…and the public…” xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

We recommend adding multi-cultural after multi-occupational to read….in a team and in a multi-occupational and multi-cultural context

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Nous proposons d’ajouter «, et à vulgariser. » à la fin de v).

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(vi) Les États membres devraient s’efforcer de créer un « environnement moral » pour que ces enseignements ne soient trop théoriques ou complètement coupés de la réalité.

13 IV. The vocation of the scientific researcher

13. Member States should bear in mind that the scientific researchers’ sense of vocation can be powerfully reinforced if he isthey are encouraged to think of his their work in terms of service both to his their compatriots fellow countrymen and to histheir fellow human beings in general. Member States should seek, in their treatment of and attitude towards scientific researchers, to express encouragement for scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development performed in this broad spirit of responsibility toward the extended community, future generations, and the

The contant is acceptable but it regurs be correctin such as (is they are …) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Les États membres devraient garder à l'esprit, le fait qu’ils doivent amener les chercheurs à comprendre qu'ils travaillent au service de leurs compatriotes et de toute l'humanité. Par leur façon de traiter les chercheurs et, par l'attitude qu'ils adoptent à l'égard de ceux-ci, les États membres devraient s'efforcer d'exprimer leur encouragement aux travaux de recherche et développement, ainsi qu’aux résultats obtenus. Ces travaux devraient être exécutés dans un esprit de responsabilité envers la collectivité, les générations futures et, la planète, notamment, pour ce qui concerne les écosystèmes et, leur développement durable.

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Statement Fragmentation is needed

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N’approuve pas :

envers la collectivité au sens large, les générations futures et la planète, notamment du point de vue de l’ensemble de ses écosystèmes, de son développement durable et de sa conservation de service rendu à la collectivité.

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earth including all its ecosystems, its sustainable development and its conservationcommunity service.

IV. La vocation du chercheur scientifique

13. Les États membres devraient garder présent à l'esprit le fait que l'on peut puissamment renforcer le sentiment de leur vocation chez les chercheurs scientifiques en les encourageant à considérer qu'ils travaillent au service tant de leurs compatriotes que de toute l'humanité. Par leur façon de traiter les chercheurs scientifiques et par l'attitude qu'ils adoptent à l'égard de ceux-ci, les États membres devraient s'efforcer d'exprimer leur encouragement aux travaux de recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental exécutés dans un tel esprit de

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its sustainable management and development and its conservation.

Argument: the term “conservation” is seldom used for natural resources and ecosystems. The term “management” is commonly used and more suitable.

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Les États membres devraient garder toujours présent à l'esprit que la vocation du chercheur scientifique reste un sujet personnel et individuel, et que cette condition doit être respéctée.

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Member States should bear in mind that scientific researchers´ vocational sense can be powerfully reinforced if they are encouraged to think of their work in terms of service both to their compatriots and to their fellow human beings in general. Member States should seek, in their treatment of and attitude towards scientific researchers, to express encouragement for research and development perfomed in this broad spirit of responsibility towards the extended community and future generations.

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1. When mentioning open data, include addressing the permanent access to data

2. Member states should develop policies regarding open data (including open access of data, storage, output (publications)

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responsabilité envers la collectivité au sens large, les générations futures et la planète, notamment du point de vue de l’ensemble de ses écosystèmes, de son développement durable et de sa conservation de service rendu à la collectivité.

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3. Open science goes beyond the sharing of research data or output and also entails inclusion of stakeholders and human research objects in the formulation of a research agenda/research questions. An inclusive approach in all steps of the research process is therefore key (e.g. add to Chapter IV).

4. Paragraph 13 (introduction to “the vocation of Scientific Researchers”). This paragraph has a paternalistic connotation and undermines the intrinsic motivation that researchers generally have to carry out research. Suggest to delete this paragraph.

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ENJEUX de RESPONSABJLITE SOCIALE (à intégrer au IV, après le point 13, de la Recommandation)

Prenant en compte le contexte dans lequel se développe la science, demande tant aux États membres qu'à la communauté scientifique et à ses institutions, d'élaborer des stratégies globales, incluant la dimension éthique, face aux grands enjeux tels qu'identifiés par l'Agenda mondial 2030;

Affirmant l'importance de l'impératif d'intégrité comme garant de la crédibilité morale de la recherche et de la confiance que lui porte la société,

Invite chaque chercheur proclamer son attachement aux valeurs de liberté: d'indépendance, d'éthique professionnelle et de sociale. et, à cette fin, encourage la communauté scientifique et ses institutions élaborer, avec le soutien des États membres, un serment universel du chercheur;

Recommande aux États membres et aux institutions d'enseignement d'insérer dans le cursus des futurs scientifiques de toutes les disciplines une formation l'éthique en mettant I 'accent sur leur responsabilité sociale l'égard des êtres humains, des générations présentes et futures et de la biosphère ;

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Reconnait le rôle croissant des réseaux numériques pour la circulation des idées et l’innovation scientifique tout invitant les chercheurs et les autres acteurs concernés à veiller à la fiabilité des informations diffusées, à leur utilisation conforme aux finalités scientifiques et à la protection des données qui ne peuvent être anonymisées;

Invite les à collaborer à des projets de nature participative, associant citoyens et organisations de la société civile et reconnait l'intérêt d'une démarche citoyenne qui vise à apporter son concours à l’élaboration des projets de recherche;

Encourage, à cette fin, les initiatives des membres de la société civile visant à développer, d’une part, des modalités de coopération aux fins de resserrer les liens entre la science et la société, d'assurer la continuité d'un débat public sur les enjeux de la science ainsi que de promouvoir, d’autre part, la culture scientifique et les de recherche participative;

Invite les États membres instaurer un mécanisme, reconnaissant aux chercheurs et aux citoyens la possibilité d'alerter, sans être sanctionné pour cela, les autorités responsables sur les nouveaux risques de dommages graves ou irréversibles pour l’homme el la biosphère pouvant résulter de certains procédés scientifiques et dont ils ont personnellement connaissance ;

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Le terme vocation nous semble ne pas refléter à quel point le chercheur est au centre des réflexions qui guident sa pratique. Ces réflexions sont notamment basées sur les principes d’éthique en recherche et les responsabilités qui lui incombent.

Afin de faire transparaitre l’implication active du chercheur dans ce processus, nous proposons de modifier le titre de la sec on pour : Les responsabilités du chercheur scientifique

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Autrement, ne s’agit-il pas ici d’une redite de 11 c)?

14 The civic and ethical aspect of scientific research

14. Member States should seek to encourage conditions that can deliver high-quality science in a responsible manner in line with paragraph 4. For this purpose Member States should establish mechanisms and take all appropriate measures aimed to ensure the fullest exercise and respect of the rights and responsibilities of scientific researchers and others concerned by this Recommendation. For this purpose:

L’aspect civique et éthique de la recherche scientifique

14. Les États membres devraient s'efforcer de promouvoir des conditions permettant de produire une

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Les États membres devraient s’efforcer de créer les conditions permettant de produire une science de bonne qualité conformément au paragraphe 4. Pour ce faire, les États membres devraient mettre en place les mécanismes nécessaires afin que les chercheurs scientifiques et les autres acteurs concernés par la présente recommandation exercent et, connaissent au mieux, leurs droits et responsabilités.

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Member States should encourage setting up of conditions that can deliver high-quality science in a responsible manner in line with paragraph 4. For this purpose Member States should establish mechanisms and take all appropriate measures aimed at ensuring the fullest exercise and respect of the rights and responsibilities of scientific researchers and others concerned by this Recommendation. For this purpose:

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1. The following issue needs stronger emphasis in the text, as this highlights the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved:

Responsibilities: emphasise the current strength of the Recommendation in reference to the responsibility of researchers to improve human well-being in collaboration with those whose well-being is being addressed and the call on researchers to take on this responsibility

Open science: with the rapid evolvement of new forms of knowledge generation and knowledge sharing, new challenges and

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science de grande qualité de manière responsable conformément au paragraphe 4. À cette fin, les États membres devraient mettre en place les mécanismes et prendre toutes les mesures voulues pour faire en sorte que les chercheurs scientifiques et les autres acteurs concernés par la présente Recommandation exercent et respectent au mieux leurs droits et responsabilités. À cette fin,

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dynamics emerge. Innovative ways in which researchers and science in general collaborate and the ethical and regulatory implications they entail should be emphasised

2. Mention ‘sustainability’ as a key principle guiding the Recommendation. The term underpins a range of considerations relating to the ethics of science, open science, data use, diversity and inclusion. (We however suggest to avoid using the concept of the Sustainable Development Goals due to their temporary nature.)

3. Open access could be defined much more broadly, not just sharing of data and results between scientific researchers, but also with research subjects (reporting back), the general public, etc.

4. Data use: The reference to data use could be expanded and include for example the phenomenon of big data – what are the implications of big data for science and society (ownership of data, protection and privacy of research objects, responsibilities) and how do we regulate the production, management and application of big data?

5. Attention to research subjects and the ethical questions and implications of working with research objects are currently missing (including vulnerable population groups, animals, protection of interviewees etc.). Consider adding in paragraph 14.

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Cet article ne pose pas de problème autre que la difficile définition de « vérité scientifique » au sein de la communauté des chercheurs. Il établit le droit d’objection de conscience sur les types de recherche. Ce droit est garanti au Québec par les textes législatifs.

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14 (a) the following are the recommended responsibilities and rights of in which scientific researchers, with the support of the public authorities, have the responsibility and the right:

(a) les responsabilités et les droitstelles que ci-après sont recommandés s’agissant desles chercheurs scientifiques :puissent, avec l'appui des pouvoirs publics, avoir la responsabilité et le droit :

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the following are the recommended rights and responsibilities of scientific researchers:

14(a) 14 (a)(ai) to work in a spirit of intellectual freedom to pursue, expound and defend the scientific truth as they see it;

a.(i) De travailler dans un esprit de liberté intellectuelle à rechercher,

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Change ‘scientific truth’ to ‘scientific understanding’ to avoid the notion that science works toward absolute truth. After ‘as they see it’ add ‘following their research and analysis and in communication with the scientific community.” To avoid the notion that the scientist is alone in their judgments of scientific understanding.

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expliquer et défendre la vérité scientifique telle qu'ils la perçoivent;

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Travailler dans un état de liberté d’esprit, expliquer et défendre la vérité scientifique telle qu'ils la perçoivent;

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to work in a spirit of intellectual freedom to pursue, expound and defend the scientific truth as they see it;

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modifier en supprimant ceci « telle qui’ils la perçoivent.»

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it should be considered under the member states role and regulations.

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les responsabilités et les droits ci-après sont recommandés pour les chercheurs scientifiques :

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Rajouter dans un ii : exercer librement et sereinement ses activités et implique de sauvegarder son indépendance de jugement et d'action de toute influence contraire;

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We find "truth" to be a problematic consept, as science is exceedingly viewed as a systematically improvement of hypotheses and models, rather than "truth" as a final conclusion. We would be more comfortable with

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"...defend the scientific knowledge as they see it;" as knowledge is to a lesser extent perceived as a constant, but rather something being constantly developing.

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The following issue needs stronger emphasis in the text, as this highlights the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved:

Human rights: explicit reference to the specific rights of researchers including the freedom of expression, movement, mobility, association in reference to the Convention

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La notion de vérité scientifique suppose une vision absolue des résultats de la recherche qui ne correspond pas à la réalité de l’évolution des connaissances.

Dans ce contexte, il est proposé de remplacer l’expression « défendre la vérité scientifique telle qu'ils la perçoivent » par « défendre les données probantes basées sur la recherche scientifique ».

14(b) 14(a)(iib) to contribute to the definition of the aims and objectives of the programmes in which they are engaged and to the

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Add ‘scientifically’ after ‘humanely’ and change ‘ecologically’ to ‘environmentally’

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determination of the methods to be adopted which should be humanely, socially and ecologically responsible; in particular, researchers should seek to minimize harmful impacts on the natural environment and should be aware of the need to manage resources sustainably;

37/38 14(a)(ii) de contribuer à fixer les buts et les objectifs des programmes auxquels ils se consacrent et à la détermination des méthodes à adopter, qui devraient être conformes à leur responsabilité humaine, sociale et écologique ; plus particulièrement, les chercheurs doivent chercher à réduire au minimum les effets nocifs sur l'environnement naturel et doivent être conscients de la nécessité de gérer les ressources de manière durable;

to contribute to the definition of the aims and objectives of the programmes in which they are engaged and to the determination of the methods to be adopted which should be humanely, socially and ecologically responsible; in particular, researchers should seek to minimize harmful impacts on the natural environment and should be aware of the need to manage resources efficiently and sustainably;

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La notion de développement durable englobe tant les éléments liés au milieu naturel que social. Nous suggérons de spécifier « le milieu naturel et social » afin de refléter cette réalité.

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14(c) 14(a)(iiic) to express themselves freely on the human, social or ecological value of certain projects, including particularly in those instances where the development of science and technology may be misused to undermine human dignity and human rights, and in the last resort withdraw from those projects if their conscience so dictates;

c.(iii) De s'exprimer librement sur la valeur humaine, sociale ou écologique de certains projets, notamment dans les cas où les sciences et les technologies seraient exploitées à mauvais escient pour nuire à la dignité humaine et aux droits de l’homme et, en dernier ressort, de cesser d'y participer si telle est la conduite que leur dicte leur conscience; 36/38

(iii) to express themselves freely and openly on the ethical, legal, human, social or ecological value of certain projects, including particularly in those instances where the development of science and technology may be misused to undermine human dignity and human rights, and in the last resort withdraw from those projects and expose the issues involved if their conscience so dictates; xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

After ‘human’ add ‘scientific’ and replace ‘ecological’ by ‘environmental’ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

De s'exprimer librement sur la valeur humaine, sociale ou écologique de certains projets et, dans les cas où les sciences et les technologies seraient exploitées à mauvais escient , de cesser d'y participer en leur assurant un droit de retrait en raison des risques et des dérives que peuvent générées les sciences dites « à double usage », si telle est la conduite que leur dicte leur conscience

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to express themselves freely on the human, social or ecological value of certain projects, including particularly in those instances where the development of science and technology may be misused to undermine human dignity and human rights, and in the last resort withdraw from those projects if their conscience so dictates;

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Provision 14: Proposal to add after (c) to communicate scientific research findings effectively to enable policy makers and the general public to appreciate and utilize the findings

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14(d) 14(a)(div) to contribute positively and constructively to the fabric of science, culture and education in their own country, as well as to the achievement of national goals, the enhancement of their fellow citizens’ well-being, and the furtherance of the international ideals and objectives of the United Nations;

d.(iv) De contribuer de façon positive et constructive à la science, à la culture et à l'éducation dans leur propre pays ainsi qu'à la réalisation des objectifs nationaux, à l'amélioration du bien-être de leurs compatriotes et à la réalisation des idéaux et objectifs internationaux des Nations Unies ;

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In iv) Delete the word ‘positively’ as this is implied in ‘constructively’ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Contribuer de façon positive et constructive à la science, à la culture et à l'éducation dans leur propre pays ainsi qu'à la réalisation des objectifs nationaux, à l'amélioration du bien-être de leurs compatriotes et à la réalisation des idéaux et objectifs internationaux;

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UN’s priorities may reconsider nations goals and objectives exactly.

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contribuer …. à l'éducation, à la valorisation de la recherche et à l’innovation dans leur propre pays ….Nations Unies ;

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Contribuer de façon positive et constructive à la science, à la culture et à l'éducation dans leur propre pays ainsi qu'à la réalisation des objectifs nationaux, à l'amélioration du bien-être de leurs compatriotes et à la réalisation des idéaux et objectifs internationaux des Nations Unies. Ceci est un droit et non pas une responsabilité.’’

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Access to data: Member states should also facilitate access to (open) data, by providing (digital) infrastructure, also as a part of their development

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assistance policies. Member states should facilitate access to science and scientific knowledge in general as part of national policymaking and as part of an effort to improve well-being

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to contribute positively and constructively to the fabric of science, culture and education in their own country, as well as to the achievement of national goals, the enhancement of their fellow citizens' well-being “and that of future generations, and the environment”, and the furtherance of the international ideals and objectives of the United Nations;

add above:

“and that of future generations, and the environment"

14(a)(v) to promote access to research results and engage in the sharing of scientific data between researchers;

(v) faciliter l’accès aux résultats de la recherche et contribuer au partage des données scientifiques entre chercheurs ;

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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx In v) add after ‘researchers’ “and publically wherever possible.”

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sharing of scientific data > sharing of data that can serve scientific purposes between researchers

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Amend by adding “without prejudice to intellectual property rights”: “...and engage in the sharing of scientific data between researchers without prejudice to intellectual property rights.”

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Le passage a été ajouté ( à mettre plus bas ).

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

En v), nous suggérons de terminer la phrase comme suit : entre les chercheurs et la société.

14(a)(vi) to disclose conflicts of interest;

(vi) divulguer les conflits d’intérêts ;

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(vi) to disclose recognize and avoid actual or potential conflicts of interest, and to disclose them if they arise.

These items are related to the Commitments for Researchers No. 14, 15 and 18 (Proposals, 2014) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Reformulate as follows » to disclose both perceived and actual conflicts of interest according to a recognized code of ethics that promotes the objectives of scientific research and development.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

En vi), il s’agit d’un seul aspect de la conduite responsable en recherche. Il y aurait lieu d’élargir le concept.

14(a)(vii) to integrate consultations with affected communities in the conduct of research affecting them, and to ensure that knowledge derived from sources, including

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Replace vii) with “(vii) to integrate consultations with communities where the conduct of research may affect their members, and to ensure that knowledge derived from sources, including traditional and other knowledge, is appropriately credited, acknowledged, and compensated as

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traditional knowledge, is appropriately credited, acknowledged and compensated. (vii) prévoir de consulter les communautés concernées par des travaux de recherche pendant la conduite de ces travaux, et veiller à ce que les sources des connaissances produites, comme le savoir autochtone, soient dûment reconnues, mentionnées et dédommagées.

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well as this acquired knowledge be transferred back to those communities.”

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

to integrate consultations with communities in the conduct of research affecting them, and to ensure that knowledge derived from sources, including traditional knowledge, is appropriately credited, acknowledged and compensated.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

mettre en œuvre des moyens appropriés pour permettre, dans le respect du patrimoine des communautés, la conservation et la diffusion de ces savoirs et encourager la recherche les concernant

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to integrate consultations with affected communities in the conduct of research involving affecting them, and to ensure that knowledge derived from sources, including traditional knowledge, is appropriately credited, acknowledged and compensated

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

to integrate consultations with affected communities in the conduct of research affecting them, and to ensure that knowledge derived from sources is appropriately credited, acknowledged and compensated.

Note explicative: Il est proposé d'enlever «les connaissances traditionnelles» apparaissant dans la nouvelle rédaction, car, en dehors de la science, il y a d’autres méthodes de la perception du monde: l'art, la

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religion … Il serait donc plus cohérent de laisser «les connaissances traditionnelles» à ces méthodes.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

to integrate consultations with affected communities in the conduct of research affecting them, and to ensure that knowledge derived from sources, including indigenous traditional knowledge, is appropriately credited, acknowledged and compensated.

Argument: the term “indigenous” or “experienced-based” are more commonly used terms in this context.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Amend by adding “and dialogues”: “to integrate consultations and dialogues with affected communities in the conduct of research...”

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Consider adding a paragraph to recognise the risk of unequal power relations (e.g. between researchers in the global North and global South) which may result in undesirable data mining. Only addressing traditional knowledge [paragraphs 14a.vii, 17g] obscures the existence of other formal/academic knowledge of partners in the global South that is at risk to be ‘mined’ by Northern actors especially in relation to open access data.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

En vii), s’il-vous-plaît circonscrire le terme « communautés » ou modifier pour « les acteurs concernés ».

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En éthique en recherche, il est davantage question de partager les bénéfices avec les communautés que de le dédommager. Nous suggérons de remplacer le mot « dédommagées » pour « à partager les bénéfices de la recherche avec ces communautés ».

-- -- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

14(a)(viii). We recommend adding (viii) as below: to communicate scientific research findings effectively to enable policy makers and the general public to appreciate the utility of work

14(b) the following are the recommended responsibilities and rights of persons or institutions that employ scientific researchers or fund or govern or guide researchers and/or research:

(b)s’agissant des personnes ou des établissements qui emploient des chercheurs scientifiques, ou qui financent, dirigent ou orientent des chercheurs et/ou des travaux de

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Remove the words “…and rights..” given that these are not clearly rights.

Suggest simplifying the wording as “…institutions that employ, fund, govern, or guide researchers and/or research.”

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Le mot « orientent » peut avoir une connotation négative en français et en recherche dans le contexte des « sciences » (recherche orientée). Nous suggérons de modifier le mot « orientent » par le mot« guident ».

En fait, toute la sec on b) n’est pas claire. Il est dificile de saisir les idées qu’elle avance. Nous suggérons d’en revoir la formulation.

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recherche, les responsabilités et les droits ci-après sont recommandés :

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14(b)(i) to bear and enjoy equivalent responsibilities and rights as above in (a), except that these not impede on those of the scientific researchers;

(i) jouir des mêmes droits et assumer les mêmes responsabilités que ceux qui sont énoncés à l’alinéa (a), sous réserve qu’ils ne fassent pas obstacle aux droits et responsabilités des chercheurs scientifiques ;

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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

It is not clear how institutions should have the same rights as researchers?

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

to bear and enjoy equivalent responsibilities and rights as above in (a), provided these do not impede on those of other scientific researchers;

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Sasgstch[sic] [correction] shown [above]:

to bear and enjoy equivalent responsibilities and rights as above in (a), except that these do not impede on those of the scientific researchers;

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

À supprimer. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

to bear and enjoy equivalent responsibilities and rights as above in (a), except that these not excepting those that impede on those of the scientific researchers;

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reason: Wording is unclear

14(b)(ii) to facilitate the the exercise of scientific researchers in carrying out and enjoying their responsibilities and rights described in (a) and (b)(i), including by establishing mechanisms for this purpose, and such as to protecting thempersons exercising these rights and responsibilities from retribution, and encourage their responsibility by providing ethics guidance and review.

; and, in regard to it being understood that Member States, when acting as employers of scientific researchers, these persons or institutions, including Member States when acting as employers of scientific researchers, should

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Replace ‘persons’ with ‘scientific researchers’

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

to provide ethical guidance and review so as to facilitate the exercise of rights and responsibilities described in (a) and (b)(i), including by establishing mechanisms for this purpose, such as to protect persons exercising these rights and responsibilities from retribution;

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Assurer l'exercice des responsabilités et des droits visés aux alinéas (a) et (b). La suite est à supprimer.

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(ii)faciliter l’exercice des responsabilités et des droits visés aux alinéas (a) et (b)(i), notamment en mettant en place des mécanismes à cette fin, de façon à protéger les personnes qui exercent ces droits et responsabilités d’éventuelles représailles par exemple, et encourager leur responsabilité en leur apportant des conseils et des analyses éthiques étant entendu que les États membres devraient, lorsqu'ils emploient des chercheurs scientifiques, 34/38

14(b)(iii) to follow this Recommendation in other respects; and

(iii)respecter par ailleurs la présente Recommandation ;

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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Faire respecter par ailleurs la présente Recommandation ;

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14(b)(iv) to specify as explicitly and narrowly as possible the cases in which they deem it necessary to depart from the principles recommended responsibilities and rights set out in paragraphs (a) and (b)(i)to (d) above. (iv)préciser de manière aussi rigoureuse et étroite que possible les cas dans lesquels ils jugent nécessaire de ne pas se conformer aux principes responsabilités et aux droits recommandés énoncés aux alinéas a et (b)(i)d ci-dessus.

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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

to specify as explicitly and as specifically as possible, the cases in which they deem it necessary to depart from the recommended rights and responsibilities set out in paragraphs (a) and (b)(i) above.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

à supprimer

-- -- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

We recommend adding (v) to protect the intellectual property of individual researchers

15 -- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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The following issue needs stronger emphasis in the text, as this highlights the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved:

Human rights: explicit reference to the specific rights of researchers including the freedom of expression, movement, mobility, association in reference to the Convention

Responsibilities: emphasise the current strength of the Recommendation in reference to the responsibility of researchers to improve human well-being in collaboration with those whose well-being is being addressed and the call on researchers to take on this responsibility

16 The international aspect of scientific research

16. Member States should recognize thate international dimensions of scientific researchers encounter, with increasing frequency, situations in which the scientific research and experimental development on which they are engaged has an international dimension; and should endeavour to assist scientific researchers in this aspect. to exploit such situations in the

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Les États membres devraient reconnaître la portée internationale de la recherche et du développement ; à cet effet, ils devraient tout mettre en œuvre pour aider les chercheurs scientifiques.

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modifier en ajoutant à l’amendement ceci « dans l’intérêt de l’humanité ».

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Correct typo in first phrase: research and development xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Proposal to insert new provision after 16: to ensure equitable development across different member states – member states benefitting from ‘brain drain’ should provide more scholarships and research resources to the adversely affected regions to mitigate the effects of brain drain

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furtherance of international peace, co-operation and understanding, and the common welfare of mankind.

L’aspect international de la recherche scientifique

16. Les États membres devraient reconnaître la portée internationale de la recherche et du développementque les chercheurs scientifiques se trouvent de plus en plus fréquemment dans des situations où les travaux de recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental qu'ils exécutent ont une portée internationale; et ils devraient s'efforcer d’e les aider les chercheurs scientifiques à cet égard. à exploiter ces situations dans l'intérêt de la paix, de la compréhension et de la coopération internationales et du bien-être de

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Try to add a 12 bis on these ideas:

• The scientific curriculum do not differ from one country to the other. Simply, I wonder why they should not be transferred, as they are, to the xxxxx Universities without any change, as we amend them, alleging that that should be adopted to suit xxxxx, while all scientific issues are constant. Most developed countries in the field should be selected and what is taught there should be transferred. The only point of difference will be in subjects like history, geography and national education, and not in constant scientific issues

• We must admit that most of curriculum include a lot of information that should not be there. If we need such information, we can resort to its own references. All needed is to train students and researchers on how to get the information, from different resources.

(otherwise these ideas might be addressed in 16 bis?)

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l'humanité dans son ensemble.

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17 17. Member States should in particular provide all possible support to the initiatives of scientific researchers undertaken in search of improved understanding of factors involved in the survival and well-being of humankind as a whole. In so doing, Member States should give due regard to:

17. Les États membres devraient, en particulier, soutenir dans toute la mesure du possible les initiatives que prennent les chercheurs scientifiques pour essayer de mieux comprendre les facteurs dont dépendent la survie et le bien-être de l'humanité dans son ensemble. Pour ce faire, les États membres

How much is recuire [sic] xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Les États membres devraient soutenir dans toute la mesure du possible les initiatives que prennent les chercheurs scientifiques pour essayer de mieux comprendre les facteurs dont dépendent la survie et, le bien-être de l'humanité. Ils doivent prêter une oreille attentive aux propositions faites par les chercheurs. Les conditions suivantes sont importantes à remplir pour parvenir au rayonnement de la science et, de la technologie ;

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Les États membres devraient encourager avec toute l'attention voulue :

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

1. Mention ‘sustainability’ as a key principle guiding the Recommendation. The term underpins a range of considerations relating to the ethics of science, open science, data use, diversity and inclusion. (We however suggest to avoid using the concept of the Sustainable Development Goals due to their temporary nature.)

2. Open access could be defined much more broadly, not just sharing of data and results between scientific researchers, but also with research subjects (reporting back), the general public, etc.

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devraient considérer avec toute l’attention voulue :

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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Consider adding the environment and future generations

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Nous réitérons notre demande de porter a en on à ce que la recherche fondamentale soit aussi valorisée dans l’ensemble du document.

17(a) partnerships involving scientific communities of developed and developing countries to meet the needs of all countries and facilitate their progress, including cultural and scientific cooperation and development of bilateral and multilateral agreements enabling developing countries to build up their capacity to participate in generating and sharing scientific knowledge, the related know-how and the benefits thereof;

(a) les partenariats associant les communautés scientifiques des pays

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx For simplicity the ending of this article could be « …and their benefits. »

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

les partenariats associant les communautés scientifiques des pays développés et des pays en développement afin de répondre aux besoins de tous les pays et, de leur permettre de progresser, notamment la coopération culturelle et scientifique et, la conclusion d’accords bilatéraux et multilatéraux permettant aux pays en développement de renforcer leur capacité à participer à la production et au partage du savoir scientifique, du savoir-faire connexe et des avantages qui en découlent ;

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Partnership between countries should fallow countries regulations. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Les partenariats associant les communautés scientifiques afin de répondre aux besoins des pays destinés à renforcer les capacités de participer à la production et au partage du savoir scientifique

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développés et des pays en développement afin de répondre aux besoins de tous les pays et de leur permettre de progresser, notamment la coopération culturelle et scientifique et la conclusion d’accords bilatéraux et multilatéraux permettant aux pays en développement de renforcer leur capacité de participer à la production et au partage du savoir scientifique, du savoir-faire connexe et des avantages qui en découlent ;

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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

les partenariats associant librement les communautés scientifiques, par le biais de la coopération.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

les partenariats associant les communautés scientifiques des pays développés et des pays en développement afin de répondre aux besoins de tous les pays et de leur permettre de progresser, notamment la coopération culturelle et scientifique et la conclusion d’accords bilatéraux et multilatéraux permettant aux pays en développement de renforcer leur capacité de participer à la production et au partage du savoir scientifique, du savoir-faire connexe et des avantages qui en découlent, tout en garantissant l’opportunité des pays en développement de faire valoir leurs priorités ;

17(b) equal access to science as not only a social and ethical requirement for human development, but also as essential for realizing the full potential of scientific communities worldwide;

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

l’égalité de chance pour l’’accès à la science, non seulement comme impératif du point de vue du développement humain, mais aussi comme une condition essentielle à l’exploitation du potentiel des communautés scientifiques du monde entier ;

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(b) l’égalité d’accès à la science, non seulement comme impératif social et éthique du développement humain, mais aussi comme une condition essentielle lorsque l’on veut exploiter pleinement le potentiel des communautés scientifiques dans le monde entier ;

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Il nous apparaît que l’accès aux savoirs que l’on acquiert en recherche est aussi important. Nous suggérons de dire : « l’égalité d’accès à la science et aux savoirs qui en découlent ».

17(c) the impact of science on future generations;

(c)les retombées de la science pour les futures générations ;

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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

les retombées de la science pour les futures générations ;

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Les dispositions de l’article 17 c apparaissent plus difficiles à réaliser (page 30). En effet, le partage égalitaire des bénéfices de la recherche dans les négociations internationales nous semble peu réaliste.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Include text on reproducibility of research findings - should be supported to verify research findings (otherwise might be included in 4 bis or 17(4))

17(d) the interconnection between various forms of life;

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(d) on new line

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(d) l’interdépendance des diverses formes de vie ;

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l’interdépendance des diverses formes de vie ;

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

add “on Earth” at the end

17(e) the role of human beings in the protection of the environment, the biosphere and biodiversity;

(e) le rôle des êtres humains dans la protection de l’environnement, de la biosphère et de la biodiversité ;

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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

le rôle des êtres humains dans la protection de la biodiversité et de l’environnement;

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

the role and responsibility of human beings in the protection of the environment, the biosphere and biodiversity;

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Amend by adding “and sustainable use”: “the role of human beings in the protections and sustainable use of the environment, the biosphere and biodiversity.”

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

le rôle des êtres humains dans la protection de l’environnement, de la biosphère et de la biodiversité, ainsi que les facteurs extérieures à l’être humain, notamment dans le changement climatique.

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17(f) enhancing those relationships between protection of intellectual property rights and the dissemination of knowledge that are mutually supportive;

(f) le renforcement des liens mutuellement profitables entre la protection des droits de propriété intellectuelle et la diffusion des connaissances ;

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(f) enhancing balancing those relationships between protection of intellectual property rights and the dissemination access of knowledge that are mutually supportive for the benefit and use of society;

These items are related to the Commitments for Researchers No. 13 and 18 and to the Obligation for Institutions No. 28 (Proposals, 2014) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

(Intellectual Property - individual researchers should be given due recognition for their contributions despite working for research institutions which have intellectual property monopoly)

17(g) protecting sources and products of traditional knowledge;

(g)la protection des sources et des produits du savoir autochtone ;

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xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Investigation and protecting sources and products of traditional knowledge

Note explicative: Il est proposé d'enlever «les connaissances traditionnelles» apparaissant dans la nouvelle rédaction, car, en dehors de la science, il y a d’autres méthodes de la perception du monde: l'art, la religion … Il serait donc plus cohérent de laisser «les connaissances traditionnelles» à ces méthodes.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

protecting sources and products of indigenous traditional knowledge;

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Argument: the term “indigenous” or “experienced-based” are more commonly used terms in this context.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Consider adding a paragraph to recognise the risk of unequal power relations (e.g. between researchers in the global North and global South) which may result in undesirable data mining. Only addressing traditional knowledge [paragraphs 14a.vii, 17g] obscures the existence of other formal/academic knowledge of partners in the global South that is at risk to be ‘mined’ by Northern actors especially in relation to open access data.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

At end of g) add « …and other forms of knowledge.”

17bis. Member States should endeavor to ensure that research and development undertaken, funded, or otherwise pursued in whole or in part in different States is consistent with principles of conducting research in a responsible manner that respects human rights. In particular, for transnational health research:

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Les États membres devraient s’employer à faire en sorte que les travaux de recherche et de développement entrepris dans différents États, soient compatibles avec les principes de conduite des recherches, de manière responsable et, dans le respect des droits de l’homme, notamment, en ce qui concerne la recherche transnationale en matière de santé :

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Member States should endeavor to ensure that research and development undertaken, funded, or otherwise pursued in whole or in part in different States is are consistent with principles of conducting research in a

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17bis. Les États membres devraient s’employer à faire en sorte que les travaux de recherche et de développement entrepris, financés ou menés d’une autre façon, en totalité ou en partie, dans différents États, soient compatibles avec les principes de conduite des recherches d’une manière responsable dans le respect des droits de l’homme. Notamment, en ce qui concerne la recherche transnationale en matière de santé :

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responsible manner that respects human rights. In particular, for transnational health research:

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Member States should endeavor to ensure that research and development undertaken, funded, or otherwise pursued in whole or in part in different States is consistent with principles of conducting research in a responsible manner that respects human rights. In particular, for transnational health research and information and nano –technologies, other potentially dangerous technologies :

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

1. The following issue needs stronger emphasis in the text, as this highlights the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved:

Human rights: explicit reference to the specific rights of researchers including the freedom of expression, movement, mobility, association in reference to the Convention

2. Mention ‘sustainability’ as a key principle guiding the Recommendation. The term underpins a range of considerations relating to the ethics of science, open science, data use, diversity and inclusion. (We however suggest to avoid using the concept of the Sustainable Development Goals due to their temporary nature.)

3. Open access could be defined much more broadly, not just sharing of data and results between scientific researchers, but also with research subjects (reporting back), the general public, etc.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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Include text– research should be carried out on universally accepted ethos and ethical principles and for the common good of humanity as integral part of any research undertaking

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Try to address in 17 bis these ideas:

Individual research should be stopped as the working and participation of many researchers together guarantees the scientific ethics and honesty of research Also the researches extracted from thesis are not less worthy (otherwise this could appear at 9)

Each country including xxxxx should have its own vision regarding the researches that manage to find solutions for problems either health or others. A research plan should be distributed around universities and research centers annually and should be evaluated at the end of every year instead of the current status which results in the repetition of useless researches resulting from the dis integrity and lack of coordination between universities and research centers. (otherwise this could appear at 8 or 9)

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Il ne nous semble pas nécessaire de spécifier dans la « recherche transnationale en matière de santé » puisque cela pourrait avoir pour effet de minimiser l’importance d’autres types de recherche qui doivent néanmoins être menés en accord avec les principes de la conduite responsable en recherche.

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17bis(a) appropriate ethical review should be pursued both in the host state(s) and the state(s) in which the funder is located; (a) un examen éthique approprié devrait être mené, tant dans le ou les pays hôte(s) que dans le ou les pays dans le(s)quel(s) la source de financement est située ;

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appropriate ethical review should be pursued both in the host state(s) and the state(s) in which the funder is located;

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appropriate ethical review should be pursued both in the host state(s) and the state(s) in which the funder is located;

Note explicative: (Point IV sous-paragraphe 17bis.a) Les auteurs des amendements à la Recommandation se sont concentrés sérieusement sur les risques et la responsabilité liés aux études et au progrès dans les biotechnologies. Cela est, sans doute, à approuver. Mais ce sont aussi les technologies modernes d’information (et non seulement) qui sont devenues ces dernières années non moins dangereuses. Les risques qu’ils apportent à long terme ne sont pas calculés tandis que leur introduction totale en amène au contrôle total excluant la notion de la vie privée et la sécurité des données personnelles, ou tout simplement à l'apparition de la panoplie de nouveaux risques physiques et des dangers. Il est proposé d'ajouter aux biotechnologies les technologies d'information et d’autres nouvelles technologies.

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appropriate ethical review should be pursued undertaken both in the host state(s) and the state(s) in which the funder is located;

17bis(b) such research should be responsive to the needs of host countries, and the importance of its

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contributing to the alleviation of urgent global health problems should be recognized; (b) ce type de recherche devrait être attentif aux besoins des pays d'accueil, et l'importance de sa contribution à la réduction des problèmes de santé mondiaux urgents devrait être reconnue ;

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ce type de recherche devrait être attentif aux besoins des pays d'accueil, sa contribution à la réduction des problèmes urgents de santé à l’échelle mondiale devrait être reconnue;

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such research should be responsive to the needs of host countries, and the importance of it contributing to the alleviation of urgent global health problems should be recognized;

17bis(c) when negotiating a research agreement, terms for collaboration and agreement on the benefits of the research should be established with equal participation by affected communities.

(c) lors de la négociation d’un accord de recherche, les conditions de la collaboration et l’accord sur les bénéfices de la recherche devraient être

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when negotiating a research agreement, terms for collaboration and agreement on the benefits of the research should be established with equal participation by the communities concerned.

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à supprimer

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lors de la négociation d’un accord de recherche, les conditions de la collaboration et l’accord sur les bénéfices de la recherche devraient être établis sous forme d’un contrat libre et volontaire par les parties concernées.

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établis à parts égales par les communautés concernées.

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modifier en supprimant l’expression «à parts égales » et la remplacer par celle-ci « de manière équitable ».

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When negotiating a research agreement, terms for collaboration, the agreement on the benefits of the research and the access to the results should be established with equal participation by affected communities.

17.ter. Member States should take measures to halt bioterrorism; to halt illicit trafficking in organs, tissues, samples, genetic resources and genetic-related materials; and to ensure that protections on personal data privacy are respected in practice even while data sharing is encouraged.

17.ter. Les États membres devraient prendre des mesures visant à combattre le bioterrorisme ; à lutter contre le trafic illicite

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Les États membres devraient prendre des mesures visant à combattre le bioterrorisme, lutter contre le trafic illicite d’organes, de tissus, d’échantillons et de ressources génétiques. Ils doivent faire en sorte que les mesures de protection de la confidentialité des données personnelles soient appliquées, même si le partage de données est encouragé.

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Member States should take measures to halt bioterrorism; to halt illicit trafficking in organs, tissues, samples, genetic resources and genetic-related materials; and to ensure that privacy of personal data is respected in practice even while data sharing is encouraged.

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Supprimer le passage en jaune:

;et à faire en sort que les mesures de protection de la confidentialité des données personnelles soient appliquées dans la pratique, même si le partage de données est encouragé.

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d’organes, de tissus, d’échantillons et de ressources et matériels génétiques ; et à faire en sort que les mesures de protection de la confidentialité des données personnelles soient appliquées dans la pratique, même si le partage de données est encouragé.

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This section is vague and general regarding bioterrorism and not linked to scientific research in any obvious way. It may also be read as being inconsistent with WHO’s advice on dual use, in implying that any laboratory work which may have potential uses for bioterrorism (eg research into highly pathogenic viruses) should not be undertaken. We recommend that this is deleted.

“Member States should take measures to halt bioterrorism;”

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Amend by adding “and biopiracy”: Member States should take measures to halt bioterrorism biopiracy;”

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Data use: The reference to data use could be expanded and include for example the phenomenon of big data – what are the implications of big data for science and society (ownership of data, protection and privacy of research objects, responsibilities) and how do we regulate the production, management and application of big data?

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After « bioterroirism » and « and biopiracy »

After “personal data” add “…and…”

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Il semble y avoir un glissement vers les responsabilités propres aux États sans que ces points soient liés à la recherche spécifiquement.

La protection des renseignements personnels en recherche est une responsabilité des chercheurs qu’ils me ent en application en assurant la confidentialité des données. Il s’agit d’une norme éthique fondamentale en recherche qui permet notamment aux chercheurs d’établir une relation de confiance avec les participants à la recherche basée sur le respect. Cette relation de confiance est cruciale pour permettre l’avancement des connaissances, le développement et les innovations en phase avec la société.

Il revient aux États membres d’appuyer les chercheurs dans leur responsabilité de protection de la confidentialité par des ou ls législatifs.

Une coquille est présente dans le texte. Il faut corriger « faire en sorte ».

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17.quater. Member States should observe the precautionary principle once the available scientific knowledge would reasonably suggest that the use of a technology or the development of certain field of research might have morally unacceptable consequences for present or future generations, i.e. that it could produce potentially significant and irreversible damages, whose causes, magnitude, probability or nature would be uncertain.

This item is related to the Commitment for Researchers No. 17 (Proposals, 2014)

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Include as 17(4) some text on reproducibility of research findings - should be supported to verify research findings (otherwise this could appear in 17c or 4 bis)

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18 18bis. So as to ensure the human right to health, Member States should take measures so that benefits of any research and its applications is shared with society as a whole and within the international community, in particular with developing countries. 18bis. Afin de faire respecter le droit humain à la santé, les États membres devraient prendre des mesures visant à ce que les fruits de toute recherche et leurs applications soient partagés avec la société dans son ensemble ainsi qu’au sein de la communauté internationale, en particulier dans les pays en développement.

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18bis. So as to ensure the human right to health, Member States should take measures so that benefits of any research and its applications are shared with society as a whole and with disadvantaged sectors in particular, and within the international community, especially with developing countries.

This item is related to the Commitment for Researchers No. 12 and to the Obligation for Institutions No. 28 (Proposals, 2014) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

The following issue needs stronger emphasis in the text, as this highlights the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved:

Open science: with the rapid evolvement of new forms of knowledge generation and knowledge sharing, new challenges and dynamics emerge. Innovative ways in which researchers and science in general collaborate and the ethical and regulatory implications they entail should be emphasised

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Afin de faire respecter le droit à la santé, les États membres devraient prendre des mesures visant à ce que les produits de la recherche ainsi que ses applications soient partagés avec l’ensemble de la société de même qu’avec la communauté internationale, y compris les pays en développement

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So as to ensure the human right to health, Member States should take measures so that benefits of any research and their applications are

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shared with society as a whole and within the international community and in particular with developing countries.

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Les États membres devraient prendre des mesures visant à promouvoir l'accès partagé aux avantages.

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[This sections] needs to be clear that this relates to research in health sciences eg Member States should take measures so that benefits of any relevant research in health sciences and its applications

“of any research and its applications”

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Afin de faire respecter le droit humain à la santé, les États membres devraient prendre des mesures visant à ce que les fruits de toute recherche financée avec de fonds publics ainsi que leurs applications, soient partagés avec la société dans son ensemble ainsi qu’au sein de la communauté internationale, en particulier dans les pays en développement.

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This point is 18 and not 18bis since the original 18 was deleted: 18bis. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Open access could be defined much more broadly, not just sharing of data and results between scientific researchers, but also with research subjects (reporting back), the general public, etc.

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19 19. In order that the full potentialities of scientific and technological knowledge be promptly geared to the benefit of all peoples, Member States should urge scientific researchers to keep in mind the principles set out in paragraphs 16, 17 and 18.

19. Afin que toutes les potentialités du savoir scientifique et technologique soient rapidement mises au service de tous les peuples, les États membres devraient inviter instamment les chercheurs scientifiques à ne pas perdre de vue les principes énoncés aux paragraphes 16, 17 et 18.

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Afin que les connaissances scientifiques et technologiques soient rapidement mises au service de tous les peuples, les États membres devraient inviter instamment les chercheurs scientifiques à ne pas perdre de vue les principes énoncés aux paragraphes 16, 17 et 18.

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In order for the full potentialities of scientific and technological knowledge to be promptly geared to the benefit of all peoples, Member States should urge scientific researchers to keep in mind the Principles set out in paragraphs 16, 17 and 18.

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In order that to mobilise the full potentialities of scientific and technological knowledge be promptly geared to the benefit of all peoples, Member States should urge scientific researchers to keep in mind the principles set out in paragraphs 16, 17 and 18.

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20 V. Conditions for success on the part of scientific researchers

20. Member States should:

V. Conditions de réussite des chercheurs scientifiques

20. Les États membres devraient :

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1. ‘Conditions for success on the part of scientific researchers’ is overly long and has a disproportional weight compared to the other sections, leading to the interpretation that the Recommendation is mainly about the protection of the working conditions of scientific researchers. In line with our observation above that the recommendation should have a much broader focus encompassing the entire science system, we feel that the dominance of Chapter V is not appropriate here. We consider freedom of expression, association and mobility of scientific researchers to be the main message of Chapter V. Also the paragraphs on expression by publication are relevant. Practical suggestions:

• Refer to existing labour agreements / conventions (ILO) where possible to reduce length to describe working conditions common to all workers

• Put freedom of expression, association, and movement at centre stage in Chapter V as unique features of scientific researchers’ working conditions.

2. The following issue needs stronger emphasis in the text, as this highlights the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved:

• Human rights: explicit reference to the specific rights of researchers including the freedom of expression, movement, mobility, association in reference to the Convention

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1. [à intégrer au V point 20 de la Recommandation] Consciente, d'une part, que la condition du chercheur est étroitement liée sa capacité d'exercer

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librement et sereinement ses activités et implique de sauvegarder son indépendance de jugement et d'action de toute influence contraire;

Inquiète que des modalités économiques ou juridiques d'exercice de son activité puissent priver le chercheur de la paternité de ses recherches et de la juste rémunération de son travail,

Invite les États membres et les acteurs tant institutionnels qu'économiques de la recherche à reconnaitre le caractère fondamental de ces principes et à instaurer des mécanismes transparents et démocratiques permettant d'en assurer le respect;

Reconnaissant, d'autre part, que le développement scientifique contribue au développement économique et aux transformations sociales;

Affirme, à cet égard, l’importance pour la science et l'innovation d’une recherche cognitive libre et dotée de moyens appropriés;

Souligne la nécessité pour les États membres et les acteurs professionnels et économiques d'élaborer des politiques de formation et d'emploi qui tiennent compte des nécessités propres à l'exercice de la recherche et au respect de la condition des chercheurs ;

Consciente risques et des dérives que peuvent générer les sciences dites « double usage », demande aux États de reconnaitre au chercheur la possibilité de bénéficier en conscience d'un droit de retrait;

2. III EGALITE et RECHERCHE (à insérer au V « Encouragement » , point 31,au « Reconnaissance », point 38 et suivants)

Dénonçant la persévérance d'attitudes politiques, culturelles et sociales qui, dans différentes régions du monde, privent injustement les femmes du plein exercice de leur capacités dans le domaine de la recherche scientifique;

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Invite les États membres à lutter contre toutes formes de stéréotypes et d'inégalités sociales affectant l'accès des femmes l'éducation, à la culture et à la recherche scientifiques et discriminant Ies femmes scientifiques tant dans leur développement de carrière que dans leur participation au processus décisionnel;

Prenant en compte l'inégal développement géographique des structures d'enseignement et de recherche scientifiques, propose aux États d’accorder une priorité à cet objectif dans le cadre des programmes établis sous l'égide de I'UNESCO:

Demande aux États membres et autres acteurs de la recherche scientifique d'accorder, quels que soient le genre, l’appartenance géographique, sociale ou cultuelle, une égal reconnaissance à la contribution des chercheurs à l’avancement des sciences et au traitement des questions de société qui en naissent;

À cette fin, les invite à encourager la recherche dans le domaine des inégalités de genre afin de lutter efficacement contre les discriminations qui en résultent;

3. FORMATION et DIFFUSION de la RECHERCHE

1) Formation (à insérer au V dans un sous-titre réintitulé « formation »)

Soulignant l'importance pour une meilleure compréhension du monde et de la science d'une formation éveillant l’esprit des futurs scientifiques, demande aux États membres et aux institutions d'enseignement de veiller ce que l'acquisition des connaissances scientifiques soit ouverte aux humanités;

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2) Diffusion et accès aux connaissances (à insérer au V dans un sous-titre réintitulé « Diffusion et accès aux connaissances», points 35 et suivants)

Proclamant le droit du chercheur à diffuser effectivement le fruit de ses travaux à tous publics;

Invite les établissements d'enseignement et de recherche collaborer avec les media et écoles de journalisme pour mettre en place des programmes et des réseaux de formation facilitant la diffusion des connaissances scientifiques et le dialogue les chercheurs la société sans qu'il ne soit porté atteinte à la liberté du chercheur à définir, dans le cadre des institutions auxquelles il appartient, les stratégies de recherche;

Recommande aux États ménures d'encourager et de soutenir par tous moyens la formation et la recherche dans les domaines couverts par la Recommandation et, à cette fin, les invite notamment à collaborer avec programme UNITWIN et les chaires UNESCO;

Reconnaissant l‘apport conjoint des institutions publiques comme des organismes et entreprises privées, qui se dédient, par la voie de la recherche, au développement des sciences et des techniques, les incite à élaboré en commun des projets et à rechercher des résultats, notamment dans les de priorité fixés par les programmes de I'UNESCO;

Encourage à cette fin, les acteurs et opérateurs de la recherche à intégrer à cette couvre l'ensemble des disciplines pertinentes, qu'elles appartiennent tant au domaine des sciences exactes et naturelles qu'à celui des sciences sociales et humaines;

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Estimant que la circulation universelle du savoir implique nécessairement la reconnaissance du rôle dynamique des savoirs traditionnels,

Invite les États membres à mettre en oeuvre des moyens appropriés pour pemettre, dans le respect du patrimoine des communautés, la conservation la diffusion de ces savoirs et encourager la recherche les concernant;

Soucieuse de permettre aux générations présentes et f5.ritures de disposer de l'état le plus complet des conaissances scientifiques, imite les États membres à mettre en place des modalités de préservation et d'accès aux documents de recherche non publiés, notamment en prenant en compte la Recommendation concernant la préservation et l'accessibilité du patrimoine documentaire à l’ère du numérique;

20(a) 20(a) bear in mind that the public interest, as well as that of scientific researchers, requires moral support andprovide material assistance and moral support conducive to successful performance in scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development by scientific researchers;

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accorder une aide matérielle et un appui moral aux chercheurs scientifiques afin de leur permettre d'exercer avec succès leur activité de recherche et de développement ;

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“provide satisfactory and safe working conditions for scientific research”

(refer to 29)

eg provide satisfactory and safe working conditions for scientific researchers, whilst recognising that some research must take place in hazardous environments;

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(a) accorder une aide matérielle un appui moral aux chercheurs scientifiques afin de leur permettre d'exercer avec succès leur activité de recherche et de développement ;

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20(b) 20(b) recognize that in this respect they have, as employers of scientific researchers, a leading responsibility and should attempt to set an example to other employers of such researchers; (b)Reconnaître qu'à cet égard ils assument en tant qu'employeurs de chercheurs scientifiques, une responsabilité primordiale qui devrait les inciter à donner l'exemple aux autres organismes non gouvernementaux qui emploient de tels chercheurs; c. Insister

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En b), les États peuvent difficilement assurer la sécurité des conditions de travail.

Le chercheur ne devrait pas craindre pour son emploi lorsque ses résultats n’appuient pas les orientations de son employeur, pour autant que la recherche ait été bien menée. Il est aussi important de protéger la liberté académique des chercheurs, même en milieu de travail hors du contexte académique.

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auprès de tous les autres employeurs de chercheurs scientifiques pour qu'ils assurentassurer à ces chercheurs des conditions de travail satisfaisantes et sûres ;, notamment en ce qui concerne l'ensemble des dispositions de la présente section;

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20(c) 20(c) urge all other employers of scientific researchers to pay close attention to the provision ofprovide satisfactory and safe working conditions for scientific researchers, notably in respect of all the provisions of the present section;

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20(d) 20(dc) ensure that scientific researchers enjoy conditions of work and pay commensurate with their status and performance;

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Faire en sorte que les chercheurs jouissent de conditions de travail et de rémunération à la hauteur de leur condition et des services rendus ;

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d.(c)Faire en sorte que les chercheurs scientifiques jouissent de conditions de travail et de rémunération à la mesure de leur condition et de leurs états de service ;

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modifier en supprimant ceci « orientation sexuelle ».

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ensure that employment decisions (including especially recruitment, promotion and dismissal but also learning opportunities and work assignments) are made without discrimination on the basis of sex, language, age, religion or national origin;. race, colour, descent, sex, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national ethnic or social origin, economic or social condition or birth, disability or sexual orientation;

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We suggest to delete "language" from the list above. Language is different from the other criteria mentioned, as language in some cases must be considered as a necessary qualification, for instances when supervising and tutoring of students is a part of the job as researchers or when language is the topic of research itself.

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Amend by adding d) ensure that employment decisions (including especially recruitment, promotion and dismissal but also learning opportunities and work assignments) are made without discrimination on the basis of sex, language, age, religion or national origin;. race, colour, descent, sex, gender, sexual orientation, language, religion, political or other opinion, national ethnic or social origin, economic or social condition or birth or disability;

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ensure that employment decisions (including especially recruitment, promotion and dismissal but also learning opportunities and work assignments) are made without discrimination on the basis of sex, language, age, religion or national origin;. race, colour, descent, sex, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national ethnic or social origin, economic or social condition or birth, disability;

Note explicative: En réitérant les propos sur l'inadmissibilité de la discrimination en raison d'âge, de sexe, de la race, de la couleur de la peau et d'autres critères traditionnels, les auteurs des amendements suivent les dernières tendances en vogue en Europe et ajoutent à la liste les personnes de l'orientation sexuelle non traditionnelle. Cette proposition semble être contestable. Sur le plan professionnel, les préférences sexuelles, gastronomiques ou politiques du chercheur devraient être indifférentes pour son statut. La nécessité de mettre en relief dans le Statut des chercheurs les minorités sexuelles en tant qu’un groupe qui aurait besoin d’une protection spéciale est très douteuse.

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Add a 20 c bis on Intellectual Property - individual researchers should be given due recognition for their contributions despite working for research institutions which have intellectual property monopoly (this comment might otherwise appear at 33 bis, 37, 38 or 38 bis)

-- 20(d) ensure that employment decisions

(d) ensure that employment decisions (including especially recruitment, promotion and dismissal but also learning opportunities and work

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(including especially recruitment, promotion and dismissal but also learning opportunities and work assignments) are made without discrimination on the basis of sex, language, age, religion or national origin;. race, colour, descent, sex, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national ethnic or social origin, economic or social condition or birth, disability or sexual orientation;

(d) veiller à ce que les décisions en matière d’emploi (notamment en matière de recrutement, de promotion et de licenciement, mais aussi de possibilités d’apprentissage et d’attribution des tâches) soient prises sans discrimination en raison de leurliée à la race, à la couleur, à l’ascendance, au sexe, au genre, à la langue, âge, à la religion, aux opinions politiques ou à

assignments) are made without discrimination on the basis of race, colour, descent, sex, gender, sexual orientation, language, religion, political or other opinion, national ethnic or social origin, economic or social condition or birth, disability or immigration status; or sexual orientation; xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

ensure that employment decisions (including especially recruitment, promotion and dismissal but also learning opportunities and work assignments) are made in an open, transparent and merit-based manner, without discrimination on the basis of sex, language, age, religion or national origin;. race, colour, descent, sex, gender, language, religion, political or other opinion, national ethnic or social origin, economic or social condition or birth, disability or sexual orientation;

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Add age

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veiller à ce que les décisions en matière d’emploi public (notamment en matière de recrutement, de promotion et de licenciement, mais aussi de possibilités d’apprentissage et d’attribution des tâches) soient prises sans discrimination liée à la race, à la couleur, à l’ascendance, au sexe, au genre, à la langue maternelle, à l’âge, à la religion, aux opinions politiques, à l’origine ethnique, à la situation économique ou sociale, à la naissance, au handicap ou à l’orientation sexuelle ;

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toute autre opinion, ou à l’origine nationale, ethnique ou sociale, à la situation économique ou sociale, à la naissance, au handicap ou à l’orientation sexuelle ;

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-- 20(e) support individuals from underrepresented groups entering and developing careers in research;

(e) soutenir les personnes appartenant à des groupes défavorisés qui souhaitent s’orienter vers la recherche et y faire carrière ;

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soutenir les personnes appartenant aux groupes défavorisés et, qui souhaitent s’orienter vers la recherche pour y faire carrière ;

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Lutter contre les inégalités qui empêchent certaines personnes ou groupes de faire carrière dans la recherche.

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At end of e) add “…research and development”

-- 20(f) in respect to the above (a) through (e), recognize that in these respects they have, as employers of scientific researchers, a leading responsibility and should attempt to set an

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with respect to (a) through (e) above, recognize that they have, as employers of scientific researchers, a leading responsibility and should attempt to set the example to other employers of scientific researchers, and to take measures to urge and ensure that other employers of scientific researchers do the same.

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example to other employers of scientific researchers; , and further take measures to ensuurge and ensure that other employers of scientific researchers do the same.

(f) reconnaître qu’à l’égard des dispositions énoncées aux alinéas (a) à (e) ci-dessus, ils assument en tant qu’employeurs de chercheurs scientifiques, une responsabilité primordiale qui devrait les inciter à donner l’exemple aux autres employeurs de chercheurs scientifiques, et prendre des mesures en vue d’exhorter et d’amener ces autres employeurs à faire de même.

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A supprimer. Garder la rédaction initiale de l'actuel 20 « b ».

21 Adequate career development prospects and facilities

21. Member States should draw up, preferably within

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Member States should draw up develop policies in with respect of to employment which adequately cover the needs of scientific researchers, in particular by :

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the framework of a comprehensive national manpower policy, policies in respect of employment which adequately cover the needs of scientific researchers, in particular by:

Perspectives et possibilités adéquates de carrière

21. Les États membres devraient élaborer, de préférence dans le cadre d'une politique nationale d'ensemble concernant la main-d’œuvre, des politiques d'emploi qui répondent de façon adéquate aux besoins des chercheurs scientifiques, notamment : 35/38

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Les États membres devraient élaborer des politiques d'emploi qui répondent de façon adéquate aux besoins professionnels des chercheurs scientifiques, y compris le perfectionnement professionnel.

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Open access could be defined much more broadly, not just sharing of data and results between scientific researchers, but also with research subjects (reporting back), the general public, etc.

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Les recommandations contenues dans cet article concernent les conditions de travail des chercheurs. … À cet égard, il faudra faire attention de ne pas inclure la catégorie des « étudiants » parmi celle des chercheurs scientifiques (voir article 2.6 section 1).

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Cette phrase est diffcile à suivre. Nous suggérons de la reformuler. Il s’agit peut-être d’un problème de traduction.

21(a) 21(a) providing scientific researchers in their direct employment with adequate career development prospects and facilities-- though not necessarily exclusively in the fields of

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We recommend adding career progression in addition to career development

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scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development: and encouraging non-governmental employers to do likewise;

(a) En offrant aux chercheurs scientifiques qu'ils emploient directement des perspectives et des possibilités de carrière suffisantes sans toutefois qu'elles se situent nécessairement dans les domaines de la recherche, scientifique et du développement expérimental exclusivement; et en encourageant les employeurs non gouvernementaux à faire de même;

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providing scientific researchers in their direct employment with adequate career development prospects and facilities-- though not necessarily exclusively in the fields of ‘academic’ or ‘conventional’ scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development: and encouraging non-governmental employers to do likewise;

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Member states should take measures to encourage and facilitate mobility of scientific researchers between public sector, privae sector and higher education employment

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providing scientific researchers in their direct employment with adequate career development prospects and facilities including but not limited to the fields of research and development;

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providing scientific researchers in their direct employment with the adequate career development prospects and facilities;

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This section is very idealistic and opens up opportunities for discrimination between scientific researchers in direct employment of Member States and those who are not. (Similar concerns also noted in response to the recommendations under 24 and 32). UNESCO consider rephrasing it.

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21(b) 21(b) making every effort making every effort to plan scientific research and experimental development in such a way that the that scientific researchers concerned are not be subjected, merely by the nature of their work, to avoidable hardship;

(b) En s'efforçant au maximum de planifier les activités de recherche scientifique et développement expérimental de telle sortedéployant tous les efforts possibles pour que les chercheurs scientifiques ne soient pas soumis, simplement de par la nature de leur travail, à des tribulations qui puissent être évitées;

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making every effort to ensure that scientific researchers are not subjected, merely by the nature of their work, to avoidable hardship;

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Few examples of hardship for an illustration would be appreciated.

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Ethical issues regarding transboundary science

• Consider adding a paragraph regarding the protection of researchers (and research objects) in conflict areas (e.g. add to paragraph 29 or 21b)

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After “effort” add “…so that…”

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Cette phrase n’est pas claire. Il est di cile d’en saisir l’intention. Il n’est pas clair si cette intention s’appliquerait spéci quement aux chercheurs.

Le mot tribulations s’applique mal au contexte de la recherche. Nous suggérons de modifier le syntagme « tribula ons qui puissent être évitées » par « di cultés ou embûches qui peuvent être évitées»

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21(c) 21(c) considering the provisionproviding of the necessary funds for facilities for readaptationopportunities for training for career development, and for redeployment, in respect of the scientific researchers in their permanent employ, as an integral part of scientific research and experimental development planning, especially, but not exclusively, in the case of programmes or projects designed as limited duration activities; and where these facilities are not possible, by providing appropriate compensatory arrangements;

(c) En envisageant la possibilité de prévoirprévoyant les fonds nécessaires pour offrir des possibilités de formation à des fins de perfectionnement

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En prévoyant les fonds nécessaires pour offrir la possibilité de formation continue aux chercheurs scientifiques qui ont un emploi permanent ; cette formation pourrait s’étendre aux chercheurs non permanents mais impliqués dans des programmes ou des projets de courte durée. Si cela n’est pas possible, on devrait recourir à des arrangements compensatoires;

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modifier en supprimant ceci « fonds nécessaires » et le remplacer par cette expression « fonds disponibles ».

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The nature of research projects does not compatible and suit with compensolaryp[sic] [arrangements]

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providing of the necessary funds for training facilities for readaptationopportunities, for training for career development, and/or for redeployment, in respect of the scientific researchers in their permanent employ, as an integral part of scientific research and experimental development planning, especially, but not exclusively, in the case of programmes or projects designed as limited duration activities; and where these facilities are not possible, by providing appropriate compensatory arrangements;

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professionnel et de faciliter la réadaptation et le reclassement professionnel desaux chercheurs scientifiques pourvus d'un emploi permanent au titre même de la planification de la recherche scientifique et du développement expérimental, surtout, mais non exclusivement, lorsqu'il s'agit de programmes ou de projets conçus pour une durée limitée; toutefois, s'il se révèle impossible d'agir ainsi, il doit être recouru à des arrangements en vue d'assurer une compensation appropriée;

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This paragraph is better structured in the French version. Please rephrase accordingly.

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21(d) 21(d) offering challenging opportunities for young scientific researchers to do significant scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development, in accordance with their abilities, and to rapidly undertake a stable

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In section d) below replace “young” by “early career” (note survey form would not allow for addition in section d).)

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En offrant aux jeunes chercheurs scientifiques la possibilité de conduire des travaux de recherche et développement intéressants, selon leurs aptitudes,

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career—though not necessarily exclusively in the fields of scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development;

(d) En offrant aux jeunes chercheurs scientifiques la possibilité de faire des travaux de recherche scientifique et développement expérimental intéressants, selon leurs aptitudes, et de mener rapidement une carrière stable, sans toutefois qu’elle se situe nécessairement dans les domaines de la recherche et du développement exclusivement.

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et d’avoir une carrière stable, même si elle ne se situe pas nécessairement dans le domaine de la recherche et du développement ;

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offering challenging opportunities for young scientific researchers to do significant scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development, in accordance with their abilities, and to rapidly undertake a stable career—though not necessarily exclusively in the fields of academic or conventional scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development;

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Not all early career researchers are young. Also need to ensure that opportunities are offered for all career stages eg offering challenging opportunities for scientific researchers at all stages of their careers

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offering challenging opportunities for young scientific researchers to do significant research and development, in accordance with their abilities, and to rapidly undertake a stable career;

-- 21(e) promoting and supporting open access publishing as well as open access to past literature and

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We recommend adding (f): (F) Recognize that different fields of scientific research requires different levels of skills and durations of training and to

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research data, because exchanges of knowledge and data are essential for researchas an essential part of research.

(e) en encourageant et en appuyant la publication en libre accès, ainsi que le libre accès à la littérature et aux données de recherche antérieures, qui constituent une part essentielle de la recherche.

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ensure that all disciplines of scientific research remain attractive, commensurate financial support should be provided.

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en encourageant et en appuyant la publication par les chercheurs, ainsi que le libre accès à la littérature et aux données antérieures qui constituent une part essentielle de la recherche.

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promoting and supporting open and free access publishing as well as open and free access to past literature and research data, as an essential part of research.

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Positive that the reference to past literature is made.

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Le terme « en appuyant » fait souvent référence à un appui financier ce qui peut être diffcile à garantir pour les États. Nous suggérons de le retirer.

Le libre accès aux données de recherche antérieures doit se faire sous réserve de la mise en place de mesures de protection des renseignements personnels adéquates.

22 Permanent self-education

22. Member States should seek to encourage that

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facilities be provide so that :(a) like other categories of workers facing similar problems, scientific researchers enjoy lifelong opportunities for keeping themselves up to date in their own and in related subjects, by attendance at conferences, by free access to international databases and journals, libraries and other sources of information, and by participation in educational or vocational courses; and where necessary, scientific researchers should have the opportunity to undergo further scientific training with a view to transferring to another branch of scientific activity;

Formation continue

22. Les États membres devraient chercher par des encouragements àencourager la mise en place de moyens

Should be « …that facilities be provided so… » xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Les États membres devraient encourager la mise en place de systèmes permettant aux chercheurs scientifiques tout au long de leur carrière, d’avoir la possibilité de se perfectionner dans leur spécialité et dans les domaines proches, en assistant à des conférences, à des cours, en bénéficiant de la liberté d'accès aux bases de données et revues internationales, aux bibliothèques et aux autres sources d'information. Les chercheurs devraient également avoir la possibilité, si cela est nécessaire, de se recycler afin de pouvoir se réorienter vers une autre branche de l'activité scientifique;

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Member States should encourage the provision of facilities so that scientific researchers enjoy lifelong opportunities for keeping themselves up to date in their own and in related fields, by attendance at conferences, by free access to international databases and journals, libraries and other sources of information, and by participation in educational or vocational courses; and where necessary, scientific researchers should have the opportunity to undergo further scientific training with a view to transferring to another branch of scientific activity;

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Les États membres … en suivant des stages et des cours pour améliorer leurs connaissances …. l'activité scientifique;

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permettant obtenir que :(a) Comme les autres catégories de travailleurs confrontés à des problèmes analogues, les chercheurs scientifiques aient tout au long de leur vie la possibilité de mettre à jour leur savoir dans leur spécialité et les domaines voisins, en assistant à des conférences, en bénéficiant de la liberté d'accès aux bases de données et revues internationales, aux bibliothèques et aux autres sources d'information et en suivant des cours pour améliorer leurs connaissances ou se perfectionner sur le plan professionnel; et que les chercheurs scientifiques aient également la possibilité, si cela est nécessaire, de se recycler afin de pouvoir entrer dans une autre branche de l'activité scientifique;

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Remplacer le mot cours par formations, et supprimer la fin surlignée en jaune :

aux bibliothèques et aux autres sources d'information et en suivant des cours pour améliorer leurs connaissances ou se perfectionner sur le plan professionnel; et que les chercheurs scientifiques aient également la possibilité, si cela est nécessaire, de se recycler afin de pouvoir entrer dans une autre branche de l'activité scientifique; ;

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Member States should seek to encourage that facilities be provided so that :(a) like other categories of workers facing similar problems, scientific researchers enjoy lifelong opportunities for keeping themselves up to date in their own and in related subjects, by attendance at conferences, by free access to international databases and journals, libraries and other sources of information, and by participation in educational or vocational courses; and where necessary, scientific researchers should have the opportunity to undergo further scientific training with a view to transferring to another branch of scientific activity;.

(b) appropriate facilities are provided for this purpose.

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We suggest omitting the last sentence, starting with "... and where necessary, scientific researchers..." The reason is that it is problematic to define when this is necessary, and we also doubt whether the Member states necessarily should encourage a full new scientific training in order to succeed in a change of scientific field. That could be at the expence of new young researchers, as the phd-positions will be limited.

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facilities be provide so > facilities be provided so

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Permanent self re-education Continuing education

22. Member States should encourage that facilities are provided so that scientific researchers enjoy lifelong opportunities for keeping themselves up to date in their own and in related subjects, by attendence at conferences, by free access to international databases and journals, libraries and other sources of information, and by participation in educational or vocational courses; and where necessary, scientific researchers should have the opportunity to undergo further scientific training with a view to transferring to another branch of scientific activity;

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Member States should encourage that facilities be provided so that scientific researchers enjoy lifelong opportunities for keeping themselves up to date in their own and in related subjects, by attendance at conferences, by free access to international databases and journals, libraries and other sources of information, and by participation in educational or vocational courses; and where necessary, scientific researchers should have the opportunity to undergo further scientific training with a view to transferring to another branch of scientific activity

Reason: Probably Typo

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Member States should encourage that facilities be provided...”

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La carrière scientifique des chercheurs débute avec leur formation. Nous suggérons de modifier le syntagme « tout au long de leur vie » pour celui de « tout au long de leur carrière ».

Le mot recycler s’applique mal aux individus, Nous suggérons de remplacer «de se recycler a n de pouvoir entrer » par « de se réorienter ».

Le libre accès aux bases de données doit se faire sous réserve de la mise en place de mesures de protection des renseignements personnels adéquates

-- -- xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

22bis. To overcome inequalities in research capacity, Member States should create a state of universal solidarity to enable access of researchers from less developed countries to technologies and international scientific networks

22(a) (Deleted)

22(b) (Deleted)(b) appropriate facilities are provided for this purpose.

(b)Des facilités appropriées à cette fin soient mises en place.

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23 Mobility in general and the civil service in particular

23. Member States should take measures to encourage and facilitate, as part of a comprehensive national policy for highly qualified manpower, the interchange or mobility of scientific researchers as between public sector, private sector and higher education employment. scientific research and experimental development service in the government and in the higher education and productive enterprise contexts.

Mobilité, notamment dans la fonction publique

23. Les États membres devraient prendre des mesures pour encourager et faciliter, dans le cadre d'une politique nationale d'ensemble concernant la main-d’œuvre hautement

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx At end of article after « employment » add « …….both within and outside of their own country.”

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Member States should take measures to encourage and facilitate mobility of scientific researchers between public sector, private sector and higher education employment. Encourage of general mobility should be combined with the struggle against precariousness. In case when researchers want stable positions they have to get such possibility.

Note explicative: La mobilité et la stabilité entrent parfois en contradiction. Il est nécessaire de soulever dans le texte la question de la nécessité de garantir, à l’instar de la mobilité des chercheurs, des postes durables et permanents ce qui est très important pour le soutien des jeunes et la préservation des écoles scientifiques principales.

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Member States should take measures to encourage and facilitate mobility and enhancement of scientific researchers between public sector, private sector and higher education employment without prejudice to compensation.

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qualifiée, l'échange et la mobilité professionnelle des chercheurs scientifiques entre les services de recherche scientifique et développement expérimental qui dépendent des pouvoirs publics et ceux qui relèvent de l'enseignement supérieur ou des entreprises de productionle secteur public, le secteur privé et l’enseignement supérieur.

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24 24. With regard to this mobility and public employment, Member States should also bear in mind that the machinery of government at all levels can benefit from the special skills and insights provided by scientific researchers. All Member States could therefore profitably benefit from a careful comparative examination of the

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En ce qui concerne la mobilité dans la fonction publique, les États membres devraient comprendre que le gouvernement peut tirer profit des compétences et des points de vue que leur apportent les chercheurs en science. Les États membres auraient donc intérêt à faire un examen comparatif de l'expérience acquise dans les pays où les barèmes de rémunération et les autres conditions d'emploi ont été conçus spécialement pour les chercheurs, le but de cet examen étant de voir dans quelle mesure ces dispositions répondraient à leurs propres besoins. À cet égard, les États membres devraient :

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experience gained in those Member States which have introduced salary scales and other conditions of employment specially designed for scientific researchers, with a view to determining to what extent such schemes would help meet their own national needs. In this same regardMatters which appear to require particular attention in this respect are, Member States should:

24. En ce qui concerne cette mobilité et la fonction publique, lLes États membres devraient en outre considérer que l'administration gouvernementale peut tirer parti, à tous les échelons, des compétences particulières et des points de vue originaux que leur apportent les chercheurs scientifiques. Tous les États membres auraient donc

With regard to this mobility and public employment, Member States should also bear in mind that the machinery of government at all levels can benefit from the special skills and insights provided by scientific researchers. All Member States could should therefore profitably benefit from a careful comparative examination of the experience gained in those Member States which have introduced salary scales and other conditions of employment specially designed for scientific researchers, with a view to determining to what extent such schemes would help meet their own national needs. In this same regardMatters which appear to require particular attention in this respect are, Member States should:

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Exclude 2nd sentence. Member states must find its own appropriate mechanisms to follow principles of 1st sentence.

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With regard to this mobility and public employment...

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All Member States could therefore profitably benefit from a careful comparative examination of the experience gained in those Member States which have introduced salary scales, financial incentives and other conditions of employment...

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grand intérêt à procéder à un minutieux examen comparatif de l'expérience acquise dans les pays où les barèmes de rémunération et d'autres conditions d'emploi ont été conçus spécialement pour les chercheurs scientifiques, le but de cet examen étant de déterminer dans quelle mesure des dispositions de ce genre répondraient à leurs propres besoins. Les questions qui paraissent mériter une attention particulière à cet égard sont les suivantesÀ cet égard, les États membres devraient :

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(Already mentioned in 21.) This section is very idealistic and opens up opportunities for discrimination between scientific researchers in direct employment of Member States and those who are not. (Similar concerns also noted in response to the recommendations under 24 and 32). UNESCO consider rephrasing it.

24(a) 24(a) optimum utilization of scientific researchers within the framework of a comprehensive national policy for highly qualified manpower; (b) the desirability of providing provideing procedures with all the necessary guarantees

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instituer une procédure en vue d'examiner périodiquement la situation matérielle des chercheurs pour s'assurer, qu'elle demeure comparable à celle des autres travailleurs ayant une expérience et des qualifications équivalentes et, qu'elle est conforme au niveau de vie existant dans le pays;

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allowing for the periodic review of the material conditions of scientific researchers to ensure that they remain equitably comparable with those of other workers having equivalent experience and qualifications and in keeping with the country’s standard of living;

(a) L'utilisation optimale des chercheurs scientifiques dans le cadre d'une politique nationale d'ensemble concernant la main-d’œuvre hautement qualifiée; (b) 'utilité d'instituer une procédure offrant toutes les garanties souhaitables en vue d'examiner périodiquement la situation matérielle des chercheurs scientifiques pour s'assurer qu'elle demeure comparable à celle des autres travailleurs ayant une expérience et des qualifications équivalentes

set up procedures for the periodic review of the physical conditions of scientific researchers to ensure that they remain equitable with those of other workers having equivalent experience and qualifications and in keeping with the country’s standard of living;

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What do you mean by "material conditions"? Infrastructure, salary,...? Please clarify.

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et qu'elle est conforme au niveau de vie existant dans le pays;

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24(b) 24(b) introduce conditions of employment specially designed for scientific researchers; and

(b) mettre en place des conditions d’emploi spécialement adaptées aux chercheurs scientifiques ;

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mettre en place des conditions d’emploi spécialement adaptées aux chercheurs scientifiques bénéficiant de la mobilité entre les secteurs public et privé ;

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introduce conditions of employment specially designed for scientific researchers; take into account providing an appropriate worklife balance

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introduce adequate conditions of employment for scientific researchers; and

24(c) 24(c) the possibility of providing provideing the publicly employed scientific researchers with adequate career development prospects in public research bodies; as well as the need to give scientifically or

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offrir aux chercheurs, employés par des organismes publics, des perspectives de carrière satisfaisantes, notamment la possibilité de passer des postes de recherche à des postes administratifs.

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technologically qualified researchers including the option of transferring from scientific research and experimental development positions to administrative positions.

(c) La possibilité d'offrir à cesaux chercheurs employés par des organismes publics des perspectives de carrière satisfaisantes, dans les organismes publics de recherche, ainsi que de ménager aux chercheurs ayant les qualifications scientifiques ou technologiques requises, notamment la faculté de passer de postes de recherche scientifique et développement expérimental à des postes administratifs.

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...the option of transferring to administrative and managerial positions with appropriate terms and conditions.

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provide the publicly employed scientific researchers with adequate career development prospects.

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Following in (b) after “designed for..” add “…publicly employed..”

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24(d) Amend by adding d) Provide procedures for the periodic review of the conditions of equal opportunities, namely regarding gender equality, in recruitment, employment and assessment processes, including training and appropriate action plans

25 25. Member States should furthermore turn to advantage the fact recognize that science and technology can be stimulated by close contact with other spheres of national activity, and vice versa, and make use of persons trained for scientific research accordingly. Member States should accordingly take care not to discourage scientific researchers whose predilections and talents, initially cultivated in the scientific research and experimental development context proper, lead them to progress into cognate activities. Member States should on the contrary be vigilant to encourage their contributions those

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Les États membres devraient aussi reconnaître que la science et la technologie peuvent être stimulées en y associant d’autres domaines de l'activité nationale et vice versa. En conséquence, ils devraient faire appel aux chercheurs qualifiés. Ils devraient aussi encourager leurs contributions au management de la recherche-développement, ou à la mise en place des politiques relatives à la science, à la technologie et à l’innovation, ou à d’autres activités

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Member States should be aware that science and technology can be enthused by close contact with other spheres of national activity, and vice versa, and make use of persons trained for scientific research accordingly. Member States should encourage their contributions in such fields as management of Research and Development, defining policies in the broader field of science, technology and innovation as a whole, or in other activities.

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Member States should furthermore turn to advantage the fact recognize that science and technology can be stimulated by close contact with other spheres of national activity, and vice versa, and make use of persons trained for scientific research accordingly. Member States should accordingly take care not to discourage scientific researchers whose predilections and talents, initially cultivated in the scientific research and experimental

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scientific researchers, whose original scientific research and experimental development training and subsequently acquired experience reveal potentialities lying in such fields as management of scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development or the broader field of science ,and technology and innovation policies as a whole, or in other activities to develop to the full their talents in these directions.

25. Les États membres devraient en outre tirer parti du faitreconnaître que la science et la technologie peuvent être stimulées par un contact étroit avec d'autres domaines de l'activité nationale et vice versa, et faire appel en conséquence aux personnes qualifiées dans le domaine

development context proper, lead them to progress into cognate activities. Member States should on the contrary be vigilant to encourage their contributions those scientific researchers, whose original scientific research and experimental development training and subsequently acquired experience reveal potentialities lying in such fields as management of scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development or the broader fields of science ,and technology and innovation policies as a whole, or in other activities to develop to the full their talents in these directions.

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Member States should encourage scientific researchers’ contributions in such fields as management of research...

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Il nous semble inutile d’ajouter « innovation » à la fin de la phrase compte tenu que ce e no on a été incluse dans la définition de « développement expérimental » 1 c)ii. Pour plus de cohérence, nous suggérons de vous référer au terme proposé dans les définitions.

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de la recherche scientifique. Ils devraient donc veiller à ne pas décourager les chercheurs scientifiques dont les prédilections et les talents, initialement cultivés dans le contexte propre de la recherche scientifique et du développement expérimental, les conduisent à s'orienter vers des activités apparentées. Ils devraient au contraire s'efforcer d'encourager leurs contributions les chercheurs scientifiques qui, de par leur formation initiale à la recherche et l'expérience acquise ultérieurement, manifestent des aptitudes dans des domaines tels que le management de la recherche scientifique et du développement expérimental ou le domaine plus large des politiques scientifiques et technologiquesrelatives aux sciences, aux technologies et à l’innovation dans leur

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ensemble, ou dans d’autres activités à développer au maximum leurs talents dans ces directions.

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26 Participation in international scientific and technological gatherings

26. In line with paragraph 16, Member States should actively promote the interplay of ideas and information among scientific researchers throughout the world, which is vital to the healthy development of science and technology; and to this end, should take all measures necessary to ensure that scientific researchers are enabled, throughout their careers, to participate in international scientific and technological gatherings and. Member States should facilitate this travel in and out of their territory. to travel abroad.

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In line with paragraph 16, Member States should actively promote the interplay of ideas and information among scientific researchers throughout the world, which is vital to the healthy development of science and technology; and to this end, should take all measures necessary to ensure that scientific researchers are enabled, throughout their careers, to participate in international scientific and technological gatherings. Member States should facilitate this travel in and out of their territory.

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It depends on countries capabilities and regulations and differs from country to country.

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In line with paragraph 16, Member States should actively promote the interplay of ideas and information among scientific researchers throughout the world, which is vital to the healthy development of science and technology; and to this end, should take all measures necessary to ensure that scientific researchers are enabled, throughout their careers, to participate in international scientific and technological gatherings and. Member States should facilitate this travel in and out of their territory. All

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Participation à des réunions internationales de caractère scientifique et technologique

26. Conformément au paragraphe 16, lLes États membres devraient favoriser activement l'échange d'idées et d'informations entre chercheurs scientifiques du monde entier, cet échange étant essentiel au développement harmonieux de la science et technologie; à cette fin, ils devraient prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires pour donner aux chercheurs scientifiques la possibilité, tout au long de leur carrière, de participer à des réunions internationales de caractère scientifique et technologique. Les États membres devraient faciliter et d'effectuer des séjours à l'étrangerces déplacements au sein et en dehors de leur territoire.

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researches should get possibility of international contacts with colleagues all over the world and get free and long term visa without conditions.

Note explicative: Le sujet des échanges et des conférences doit être complété par la liberté de circulation des chercheurs et par l'octroi inconditionnel et gratuit des visas multiples et de long terme et multiples aux chercheurs.

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1. Participation in international scientific and technological gatherings meetings

2. to participate in international scientific and technological gatherings meetings. Member States should facilitate this travel in and out of their territory.

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Member States should facilitate and support this travel in and out of their territory.

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Conformément au paragraphe 16, lLes États membres devraient favoriser activement l'échange d'idées et d'informations entre chercheurs scientifiques du monde entier, cet échange étant essentiel au développement harmonieux de la science et technologie.

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Nous suggérons de modifier la phrase de façon à remplacer «développement harmonieux de la science et technologie » par «

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développement harmonieux des sciences » pour utiliser le terme consacré en 1 a)ii.

27 27. Member States should furthermore see to it that all public governmental or quasi-governmental organizations in which or under whose authority scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development are performed, regularly devote a portion of their budget to financing the participation at such international scientific and technological gatherings, of scientific researchers in their employ; .and they should encourage all other organizations financing research and development to follow this practice.

27. Les États membres devraient en outre veiller à ce que tous les organismes gouvernementaux ou semi-

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Member States should furthermore see to it that all public governmental or quasi-governmental organizations, in which or under whose authority scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development are performed, regularly devote a portion of their budget to financing the participation of scientific researchers in their employ at such international scientific and technological gatherings,; .and they should encourage all other organizations financing research and development to follow this practice.

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In the first sentence we change "see to it " to "encourage", so that it says: "Member States should furthermore encourage all public organizations..." In the last part we suggest an addition: "...to follow this practice, while respecting the autonomy of the same institutions and organizations." In xxxxx even the government-financed institutions enjoy institutional autonomy to a large degree, and the participation at international meetings etcetera would be something that would be set up and given priority at the institutional level, not at governmental level.

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Member States should furthermore see to it that all public organizations in which or under whose authority research and development are performed, regularly devote a portion of their budget to financing the participation at such international scientific and technological gatherings meetings of

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gouvernementauxpublics qui effectuent ou font effectuer des travaux de recherche scientifique et développement expérimental consacrent régulièrement une fraction de leur budget au financement de la participation des chercheurs scientifiques qu'ils emploient à ces réunions internationales de caractère scientifique ou technologique ; et ils devraient encourager tous les autres organismes qui financent des travaux de recherche et de développement à suivre cette pratique.

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scientific researchers in their employ employment; and they should encourage all other organizations financing research and development to follow this practice.

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Pour préserver la cohérence du texte, il vaut mieux utiliser le terme « recherche et développement » consacré à l’article 1 c) iii) des définti ons. Nous suggérons de retirer le « de » qui semble avoir été ajouté lors de la traduction.

28 Access by scientific researchers to positions of greater responsibility with corresponding rewards

28. Member States should encourage in practice that decisions as to access by

28. Member States should encourage that decisions as to access by scientific researchers in their employ to positions of greater responsibility and correspondingly higher rewards, are formulated essentially on the basis of fair and realistic appraisal of the persons concerned capacities, as evidenced by their current or recent performances, on the basis of formal or academic evidence of knowledge acquired or skills demonstrated by them, as well as on their moral integrity, upholding that academic merit does not compensate for

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scientific researchers in their employ to positions of greater responsibility and correspondingly higher rewards, are formulated essentially on the basis of fair and realistic appraisal of the capacities of the persons concerned, as evidenced by their current or recent performances, as well as on the basis of formal or academic evidence of knowledge acquired or skills demonstrated by them; particular attention should be given to support the progress of women in scientific careers.

Accès pour les chercheurs scientifiques à des situations de responsabilité plus élevée ainsi qu'aux avantages correspondants

28. Les États membres devraient veiller à ce que les décisions permettant aux chercheurs scientifiques qu'ils emploient d'accéder à

ethical breakdowns or human rights violations. Particular attention should be given to support the progress of women and people from disadvantaged groups in scientific careers. xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

After « women » add « …and other underrepresented groups… » xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Les États membres devraient veiller à ce que des décisions soient prises permettant aux chercheurs d'accéder à des niveaux plus élevés de responsabilité et, de faire en sorte qu’ils bénéficient des avantages liés à ces postes sur la base d'une appréciation juste et réaliste des capacités de l'intéressé. On devrait aussi prendre en compte la manière dont il s'acquitte ou s'est récemment acquitté de ses tâches, les titres officiels ou universitaires attestant les connaissances que l'intéressé a acquises ou les compétences dont il a fait preuve. Une attention particulière doit être consacrée à l’appui à la progression des femmes dans les carrières scientifiques.

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Member States should encourage in practice that decisions as to access by scientific researchers in their employ to positions of greater responsibility and correspondingly higher rewards, are formulated transparently, essentially on the basis of merit, of fair and realistic appraisal of the capacities of the persons concerned, as evidenced by their current or recent performances, as well as on the basis of formal and/or academic evidence of knowledge acquired and/or skills demonstrated by them; particular attention should be given to support the progress of women in scientific careers

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des situations de responsabilité plus élevée et de bénéficier des avantages correspondants soient formulées essentiellement sur la base d'une appréciation équitable et réaliste des capacités de l'intéressé telles qu'en témoigne la manière dont il s'acquitte ou s'est récemment acquitté de ses tâches, ainsi que sur la base des titres officiels ou universitaires attestant les connaissances que l'intéressé a acquises ou les compétences dont il a fait preuve ; une attention particulière doit être consacrée à appuyer la progression des femmes dans les carrières scientifiques.

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29(a) Protection of health; social security

29. (a) Member States should guarantee that, for

In the competence of the Ministry of Family, Labour, and Social Policy xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

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the health and safety of scientific researchers as of all other persons likely to be affected by the research and development in question, all accept that, as employers of scientific researchers, the onus is on them-in accordance with national regulations, and the international instruments concerned with the protection of workers in general from hostile or dangerous environments will be fully met. -to guarantee so far as is reasonably possible the health and safety of the scientific researchers in their employ, as of all other persons likely to be affected by the scientific research and experimental development in question. They should accordingly ensure that the managements of scientific establishments enforce appropriate safety standards; train all those in

Les États membres devraient garantir…… en matière de biosécurité et biosécurité; d'apprendre à toutes les personnes ….. mêmes dispositions.

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(a) Member States should guarantee that, for the health and safety of scientific researchers as of all other persons likely to be affected by the research and development in question, all accept that, as employers of scientific researchers, the onus is on them-in accordance with national regulations, and the international instruments concerned with the protection of workers in general from hostile or dangerous environments, will be fully met. -to guarantee so far as is reasonably possible the health and safety of the scientific researchers in their employ, as of all other persons likely to be affected by the scientific research and experimental development in question. They should accordingly ensure that the managements of scientific establishments enforce appropriate safety standards; train all those in their employ in the necessary safety procedures; monitor and safeguard the health of all persons at risk; take due note of warnings of new (or possible new) hazards brought to their attention, in particular by the scientific researchers themselves, and act accordingly; ensure that the working day and rest periods are of reasonable length, the latter to include annual and parental leave on full pay; (b) Member States should take all appropriate steps to urge like practices on by all other employers of scientific researchers.

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After « …and parental leave » remove « …on full pay ». Note: Parental leave in xxxxx is not at full pay levels even in the federal government.

After “…and parental…” add “…and family…”

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their employ in the necessary safety procedures; monitor and safeguard the health of all persons at risk; take due note of warnings of new (or possible new) hazards brought to their attention, in particular by the scientific researchers themselves, and act accordingly; ensure that the working day and rest periods are of reasonable length, the latter to include annual and parental leave on full pay;

29. (a) Les États membres devraient garantir qu’en ce qui concerne la santé et la sécurité des chercheurs scientifiques ainsi que de toute autre personne susceptible d’être touchée par la recherche et le développement en question, admettre que, en tant qu'employeurs de chercheurs scientifiques, c'est à eux qu'il incombe -

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Member States should guarantee that, for the health and safety of scientific researchers as of all other persons likely to be affected by the research and development in question, all national regulations, and the international instruments concerned with the protection of workers in general from hostile and dangerous environments will be fully met. They should accordingly ensure that the managements of scientific establishements enforce appropriate safety standards; train all those in their emloy employment in the neccessary satefy procedures; monitor and safeguard the health of all persons at risk; take due note of warnings of new (or possible new) hazards brought to their attention, in particular by scientific researchers themselves, and act accordingly; ensure that the working day and rest periods are of reasonable lenght, the latter to include annual and parental leave on full pay.

Member States should take all appropriate steps to urge like similar practices by all other employers of scientific researchers.

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“in general from hostile or dangerous environments will be fully met”

Needs to encourage Member States to ensure that risk is minimised whilst still enabling them to undertake fieldwork in hazardous environments where the advancement of scientific knowledge requires such work...

Eg Member States should guarantee that, for the health and safety of scientific researchers as of all other persons likely to be affected by the research and development in question, all national regulations, and the international instruments concerned with the protection of workers in

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conformément à la réglementation nationale et aux les instruments internationaux concernant la protection des travailleurs en général lorsqu'ils exercent leur activité dans un environnement hostile ou dangereux seront pleinement appliqués. - de garantir, autant qu'il est raisonnablement possible de le faire, la santé et la sécurité des chercheurs scientifiques à leur service ainsi que de toute autre personne susceptible d'être touchée par la recherche scientifique et le développement expérimental en question. Il leur appartient donc d'assurer l'application par l'administration des institutions scientifiques de normes appropriées en matière de sécurité; d'apprendre à toutes les personnes qui sont à leur service les consignes de sécurité nécessaires; de

general from hostile or dangerous environments will be fully met, whilst still enabling research to take place in hazardous environments when necessary.

- also applies to 20 (b)

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“Member States should guarantee that, for the health and safety of scientific researchers as of all other persons likely to be affected by the research and development in question, all national regulations, and the international instruments concerned with the protection of workers in general from hostile or dangerous environments will be fully enforced. They should accordingly ensure that the managements of scientific establishments enforce appropriate safety standards and gender-sensitive environment; train all those in their employ...”

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Ethical issues regarding transboundary science

o Consider adding a paragraph regarding the protection of researchers (and research objects) in conflict areas (e.g. add to paragraph 29 or 21b)

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Pour préserver la cohérence du texte, il vaut mieux utiliser le terme « recherche et développement » consacré à l’article 1 c) iii) des définti ons. Nous suggérons de retirer le « de » qui semble avoir été ajouté lors de la traduction.

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surveiller et préserver la santé de toutes les personnes exposées à des risques; de tenir dûment compte des dangers nouveaux (réels ou éventuels) qui leur sont signalés, en particulier par les chercheurs scientifiques eux-mêmes et d'agir en conséquence; de garantir une durée raisonnable pour la journée de travail et le temps de repos, y compris un congé annuel et parental intégralement payé. (b) Les États membres devraient prendre toutes les mesures appropriées pour inciter les autres employeurs de chercheurs scientifiques à prendre les mêmes dispositions.

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29(b) 29(b) Member States should take all appropriate steps to urge like practices on by all other employers of scientific researchers.

In the competence of the Ministry of Family, Labour, and Social Policy

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30 30. Member States should ensure that provision is made for scientific researchers to enjoy (in common with all other workers) adequate and equitable social security arrangements appropriate to their age, sex, family situation, state of health and to the nature of the work they perform.

30. Les États membres devraient faire en sorte que les chercheurs scientifiques bénéficient (comme tous les autres travailleurs) d'un régime adéquat et équitable de sécurité sociale tenant compte de leur âge, sexe, situation de famille, état de santé et de la nature du travail qu'ils accomplissent.

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Member States should ensure that provision is made for scientific researchers to enjoy (in common with all other workers) adequate and equitable social security arrangements appropriate to their age, sex gender, family situation, state of health and to the nature of the work they perform.

31 Promotion, appraisal, expression and recognition of creativity

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Encouragement, appréciation, expression et reconnaissance de la créativité

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Promotion

31. Member States should be actively concerned to stimulate creative performance in the field of science and technology by all scientific researchers.

Encouragement, appréciation, expression et reconnaissance de la créativité

Encouragement

31.Les États membres devraient s'occuper activement de stimuler les facultés créatrices chez tous les chercheurs scientifiques qui se consacrent à la science et à la technologie.

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Encouragement

31. Les États membres devraient s'occuper activement de stimuler les facultés créatrices chez tous les chercheurs scientifiques qui se consacrent à la science et à la technologie.

32

Performance Appraisal

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32. Member States should, as regards scientific researchers in their employ, design and establish appropriate appraisal systems for independent, transparent, gender-sensitive and tier-based performance evaluation that:

Appréciation des performances

32. Les États membres devraient, en ce qui concerne les chercheurs scientifiques à leur service, concevoir et mettre en place des systèmes d’appréciation appropriés en vue d’évaluer leurs performances de manière indépendante, transparente, en tenant compte de l’égalité des genres et par palier, de façon à :

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Cet article s’adresse à l’État à titre d’employeur des chercheurs. Les pratiques recommandées sont usuelles dans l’administration publique. Elles s’inscrivent dans ses lois et conventions.

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Add « objective » after « independent ».

Replace « …gender sensitive… » by « gender equitable » xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Evaluation des performances

32. Les États membres devraient concevoir et mettre en place des systèmes appropriés d’évaluation des performances des chercheurs et leur service, de manière indépendante, transparente, en tenant compte de l’égalité des genres et en fonction des catégories. Pour ce faire, il faudrait:

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Performance Appraisal, promotion and recognition

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Member States should, as regards scientific researchers in their employ, design and establish appropriate appraisal systems for independent, transparent, merit-based, gender-sensitive and tier-based performance evaluation that:

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With the same reasoning as presented under point 27, we would suggest this alteration: "Member states should make sure that research institutions operate under conditions where they can design and establish..."

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Member States should, as regards scientific researchers in their employ, design and establish appropriate appraisal systems for independent, transparent, inclusive, gender-sensitive and tier-based performance evaluation that:

add “inclusive” which is a concept that covers diversity.

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Member States should, as regards scientific researchers in their employ employment, design and establish appropriate appraisal systems for independent, transparent, gender-sensitive and tier-based performance evaluation that:

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Numbering should be updated.

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ll nous semble plus juste de parler de : mettre en place des systèmes d’évaluation appropriés en vue de mesurer leurs performances (...).

Il nous semble important de souligner que cette évaluation doit tenir compte du temps nécessaire en recherche pour arriver à obtenir des résultats et bien mener ses travaux de recherche. Les activités de recherche

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s’apparentent ainsi davantage à un marathon qu’à une course à la publication. Il pourrait être judicieux d’ajouter «en tenant compte de l’égalité des genres et par palier, ainsi que du temps requis pour bien mener les ac vités de recherche, de façon à :»

32(a) 32(a) take due account of all aspects of the work including publications, patents, management, teaching, outreach, supervision, external collaboration, ethics compliance, and science communications;

, in all procedures for appraisal of the creativity of scientific researchers,

(a)Tenir dûment compte de tous les aspects de leur activité, y compris les publications, les brevets, la gestion, l’enseignement, la vulgarisation, la supervision, la collaboration externe, le respect de l’éthique et les communications scientifiques ;, lorsqu'il s'agit

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After “management” add “including grant application management, mentorship, increasing diversity among researchers,..” Before “science communication” add “reviewer time”

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Tenir compte de tous les aspects de leur activité, y compris les publications, les brevets, la gestion, l’enseignement, la vulgarisation, la supervision, la collaboration externe, le respect de l’éthique et les communications scientifiques;

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takes due account of all aspects of the work including publications, patents, management, teaching, outreach, supervision, external collaboration, ethics compliance, and science communications and bidding for research funding, conference attendance and organization of research seminars;

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Tenir dûment compte de tous les aspects de leur activité, y compris les publications, les brevets, la gestion, l’enseignement, la vulgarisation, la valorisation, le transfert technologique, la supervision, la collaboration

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d'apprécier la créativité de ces chercheurs,

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externe, le respect de l’éthique et les communications scientifiques ;

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take due account of all aspects of the work, including (in random and not in importance order) publications, patents, management, teaching, outreach, supervision, external collaboration, ethics compliance, and science communications;, in all procedures for appraisal of the creativity of scientific researchers,

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Take due account of all aspects of the work including publications, patnets, management and supervision, teaching, outreach and consultancy, and external and transdisciplinal collaboration, ethics compliance and science commnications.”

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Tenir compte de tous les aspects de leur activité, y compris la production créative, les publications, les brevets, la gestion, l’enseignement, la vulgarisation, la supervision et la collaboration externe.

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(Already mentioned in 21.) This section is very idealistic and opens up opportunities for discrimination between scientific researchers in direct employment of Member States and those who are not. (Similar concerns also noted in response to the recommendations under 24 and 32). UNESCO consider rephrasing it.

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Selon le contexte, il n’est pas rare que les chercheurs doivent conjuguer avec des partenaires, des communautés de pratique ou des utilisateurs de la recherche. Nous suggérons d’inclure ces notions en ajoutant « l’établissement de partenariats, les échanges avec les communautés de pra que et les u lisateurs de la recherche » après « la collabora on externe ».

Il est suggéré de rester plus global dans le choix des termes utilisés. Par exemple, remplacer «y compris les publications, les brevets, la gestion » par « y compris en terme d’avancement des connaissances, de propriété intellectuelle, de contribution sociales et économiques, de gestion ...».

32(a bis) take due account of the difficulty inherent in measuring a personal capacityperformance given the effects of mobility between themes and disciplines, the blurring of boundaries between disciplines, the appearance of new disciplines and the need to appraise all aspects of the individual’s performance in context;

(a bis) tenir dûment compte du fait qu'il est difficile de mesurer une faculté personnelle les performances en raison des

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tenir compte du fait qu'il est difficile de mesurer les performances en raison des effets de la mobilité entre les thèmes et les disciplines, de la difficulté à déterminer les frontières entre les disciplines, de l’apparition de nouvelles disciplines et de la nécessité d’évaluer tous les aspects liés aux performances individuelles ;

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effets de la mobilité entre les thèmes et les disciplines, de l’estompement des frontières entre les disciplines, de l’apparition de nouvelles disciplines et de la nécessité d’évaluer tous les aspects des performances individuelles en les replaçant dans leur contexte ;

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32(a ter) combine appropriate metrics with independent expert assessment (peer review) of the individual’s outputs, as to all aspects of the work including those aspects mentioned above in (a); (a ter)associer des méthodes de mesures appropriées à des évaluations d’experts indépendantes (évaluations par les pairs) des contributions individuelles, en ce qui concerne tous les

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Amend by adding : (a ter) combine appropriate metrics with independent expert assessment (peer review) of the individual’s outputs, as to all aspects of the work including those aspects mentioned above in (a); consider best practices based on an integrated and responsible vision of research contents;

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aspects de l’activité, notamment les aspects mentionnés à l’alinéa (a) ci-dessus ;

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32(a4) transparently account for family-care related interruptions of employment and encourage by means of incentives that women continue in employment without undue penalty, acknowledging that some family-care related interruptions of service (e.g. maternity) will unequally beset their careers;

(a4) prendre en compte de manière transparente les interruptions de travail pour raisons familiales et encourager par des mesures incitatives les femmes à continuer leur activité sans qu’elles soient indûment pénalisées, en reconnaissant que certaines interruptions

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Delete all after “…of incentives….” And replace with “equitable treatment that the careers and research of those who take family related leave, including parental leave, are not negatively impacted as a result. Family and parental leave need to be recognized as valid reasons for leave and not as measures of performance.”

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prendre en compte de manière transparente les interruptions de travail pour raisons familiales et encourager par des mesures incitatives les femmes à continuer leurs activités, sans qu’elles soient pénalisées, en reconnaissant que certaines interruptions de travail pour raisons familiales (maternité, par exemple) les défavorisent sur le plan de leur carrière ;

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transparently account for family-care related interruptions of employment and encourage by means of incentives that women continue in employment without undue penalty, acknowledging that some family-care related interruptions of service (e.g. maternity) will unequally beset their careers;

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Amend by adding a4) transparently account for family-care related interruptions of employment and encourage by means of incentives so that

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de travail pour raisons familiales (la maternité, par exemple) les désavantagent sur le plan de leur carrière ;

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such researchers continue in employment without undue penalty, acknowledging that some family-care related interruptions of service (e.g. maternity) will unequally beset careers, and recognize that women´s careers have been particularly beset in the past

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Member States should, as regards scientific researchers in their employ, design and establish appropriate appraisal systems for independent, transparent, inclusive, gender-sensitive and tier-based performance evaluation that:

Argument: add “inclusive” which is a concept that covers diversity.

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Par souci de cohérence avec la question 29, nous suggérons d’inclure le congé parental dans l’exemple de raisons familiales : (la maternité ou le congé parental, par exemple).

32(a5) encourage, by means of incentives, sharing of the whole scientific process (data, methods, software, results, etc.) and mentoring younger people in scientific fields.

which seldom manifests itself in a constant and unfluctuating form;

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encourager, par des mesures incitatives, la participation à l’ensemble du processus scientifique (création, données, méthodes, logiciels, résultats, etc.) et l’encadrement des plus jeunes dans les domaines scientifiques.

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Dans un souci de cohérence, nous suggérons de modifier le terme « dans les domaines scientifiques » pour « dans les sciences » qui fait référence à la définition incluse en 1 a)ii.

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(a5)encourager, par des mesures incitatives, la participation à l’ensemble du processus scientifique (données, méthodes, logiciels, résultats, etc.) et l’encadrement des plus jeunes dans les domaines scientifiques.

qui se manifeste rarement sous une forme régulière et ininterrompue;

35/36

32(b) (Deleted) (b) enable, and as appropriate encourage scientific researchers in whom it appears this capacity might be profitably stimulated:

(b) Faire en sorte, au besoin, par des encouragements, que les chercheurs scientifiques chez qui les facultés créatrices pourraient, semble-t-il, être

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S'en référer au texte initial:

Faire en sorte, au besoin, par des encouragements, que les chercheurs scientifiques chez qui les facultés créatrices pourraient, semble-t-il, être utilement stimulées puissent :

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utilement stimulées puissent :

32(b)(i) (Deleted) (i) either to turn to a new field of science or technology;

(i)Soit travailler dans un autre domaine de la science ou de la technologie;

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S'en référer au texte initial:

(i)Soit travailler dans un autre domaine de la science ou de la technologie;

32(b)(ii) (Deleted) (ii) or else to progress from scientific research and experimental development to other occupations in which the experience they have acquired and the other personal qualities of which they have given proof can be put to better use in a new context.

(ii) Soit abandonner la recherche scientifique ou le développement expérimental pour telle ou

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S'en référer au texte initial:

(ii) Soit abandonner la recherche scientifique ou le développement expérimental pour telle ou telle autre occupation, l'expérience qu'ils ont acquise et les autres qualités personnelles dont ils ont fait preuve pouvant être mieux mises à profit dans un contexte nouveau.

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telle autre occupation, l'expérience qu'ils ont acquise et les autres qualités personnelles dont ils ont fait preuve pouvant être mieux mises à profit dans un contexte nouveau.

33 33. Member States should urge like practices upon other employers of scientific researchers to adopt the exact same standards in their appraisal systems, or to adopt the same appraisal system, so as to facilitate mobility between public sector, private sector and higher education employ.

33. Les États membres devraient inviter instamment les autres employeurs de chercheurs scientifiques à faire de mêmeappliquer ces mêmes normes à leurs systèmes d’évaluation, ou à adopter un système d’évaluation

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Member States should urge employers of scientific researchers to adopt the exact same standards in their appraisal systems

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1. The nature of employment in different sectors are different, we do not see the need to adopt the « exact same standards » throughout different sectors. Rather “similar standards”

2. Correct typo at the end of 33: higher education employment.

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identique, de façon à favoriser la mobilité professionnelle entre le secteur public, le secteur privé et l’enseignement supérieur.

35/38

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Add a 33 bis on Intellectual Property - individual researchers should be given due recognition for their contributions despite working for research institutions which have intellectual property monopoly

(this comment might otherwise appear at 20 c bis, 37, 38 or 38 bis)

34 --

34(a) (Deleted) (a) receive without hindrance the questions, criticisms and suggestions addressed to them by their colleagues throughout the world, as well as the intellectual stimulus afforded by such communications and the exchanges to which they give rise;

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(a) Recevoir sans entraves les questions, critiques et suggestions qui leur sont adressées par leurs collègues du monde entier et bénéficier du stimulant intellectuel que leur apportent ces communications et les échanges auxquels elles donnent lieu;

34(b) (Deleted) (b) enjoy in tranquillity international acclaim warranted by their scientific merit.

(b) Jouir en toute tranquillité de la considération internationale que leur valent leurs mérites scientifiques.

35 Expression by publication

35. Member States should encourage and facilitate publication of the results obtained by scientific

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Les États membres devraient encourager et faciliter la publication des résultats obtenus par les chercheurs scientifiques au cours de leurs travaux, en particulier par la diffusion en accès libre, et étendre cette démarche aux données, méthodes et logiciels qu’ils exploitent, afin de les aider à partager

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researchers, particularly through open access, and extend this to the data, methods, software, that they used, with a view to assisting them to acquire the reputation which they merit as well as with a view to promoting the advancement of science and technology, education and culture generally.

Expression par la publication

35. Les États membres devraient encourager et faciliter la publication des résultats obtenus par les chercheurs scientifiques au cours de leurs travaux, en particulier par la diffusion en accès libre, et étendre cette démarche aux données, méthodes et logiciels qu’ils exploitent, afin de les aider à acquérir la réputation qu'ils méritent et, également, de promouvoir le progrès de la science, de la technologie,

les informations, à acquérir la réputation qu'ils méritent et, également, à promouvoir la science, la technologie, l'éducation et la culture.

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Member States should encourage and facilitate open access publication of the results obtained by scientific researchers, particularly through, and extend this to the data, methods, software, that they used, with a view to assisting them to acquire the reputation which they merit as well as with a view to promoting the advancement of science and technology, education and culture generally

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Since bullet point 34 was deleted, numbering should be updated.

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Les États membres devraient assurer la liberté des chercheurs scientifiques autonomes de publier des résultats obtenus au cours de leurs travaux, ainsi qu’encourager et faciliter ces publications, afin de promouvoir le progrès de la science, de la technologie, de l'éducation et de la culture en général.

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Member States should encourage and facilitate publication of the results obtained by scientific researchers, particularly through open and free access, and extend this to the data, methods, software, that they used, with a view to assisting them to acquire the reputation which they merit as well as with a view to promoting the advancement of science and technology, education and culture generally.

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de l'éducation et de la culture en général.

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1. The following issue needs stronger emphasis in the text, as this highlights the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved:

• Open science: with the rapid evolvement of new forms of knowledge generation and knowledge sharing, new challenges and dynamics emerge. Innovative ways in which researchers and science in general collaborate and the ethical and regulatory implications they entail should be emphasised

2. Mention ‘sustainability’ as a key principle guiding the Recommendation. The term underpins a range of considerations relating to the ethics of science, open science, data use, diversity and inclusion. (We however suggest to avoid using the concept of the Sustainable Development Goals due to their temporary nature.)

3. Open access could be defined much more broadly, not just sharing of data and results between scientific researchers, but also with research subjects (reporting back), the general public, etc.

4. Paragraph 35 and 36 are in contradiction with one another. Using the notion of the ‘creative commons’ could help formulate solutions to reconcile these contradictions. [consider deleting]

36 36. To this end, Member States should ensure that the scientific and technological writings of scientific researchers enjoy appropriate legal protection, and in particular

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To this end, Member States should ensure that the scientific and technological writings of scientific researchers enjoy appropriate recognition/acknowledgementlegal protection, and in particular the protection afforded by copyright law

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the protection afforded by copyright law.

36. A cette fin les États membres devraient faire en sorte que les écrits scientifiques et technologiques des chercheurs scientifiques jouissent d'une juste protection juridique, et notamment de celle qui est assurée au titre du droit d'auteur.

33/37

To this end, Member States should ensure that the scientific and technological results of scientific researchers enjoy appropriate legal protection of their intellectual property, and in particular the protection afforded by copyright law.

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Replace « copyright law » by « intellectual property law. »

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Paragraph 35 and 36 are in contradiction with one another. Using the notion of the ‘creative commons’ could help formulate solutions to reconcile these contradictions. [consider deleting]

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Not only scientific and technological writings should be offered protection: Consideration should also be given to appropriate recognition and legal protection to other forms of research outputs including data sets. UNESCO to also consider factoring Open Science on the revised recommendations.

37 37. Member States should, in consultation with scientific researchers’ organizations and as a matter of standard practice, encourage the employers of scientific researchers, and

37. Member States should, in consultation with scientific researchers’ organizations, establish as norms in regulations and practice that scientific researchers be at liberty and encouraged to publish the results of their work and extend this norm to the data, methods, software, etc. that they used; and further that results be published in a transparent and accurate manner at the earliest possible time, with all authors fully responsible for the content of publication, and intellectual contributions and responsibilities of

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themselves as employers seek:

(a) to regard it as the establish as norms in regulations and practice that scientific researchers be at liberty and encouraged to publish the results of their work and extend this norm to the data, methods, software, etc. that they used; and further that results be published in a transparent and accurate manner at the earliest possible time, with all authors fully responsible for the content of publication, and intellectual contributions of others acknowledged and correctly cited, and conflicts of interest and financial and other support for research acknowledged and correctly disclosed. In this same regard,

(b) Member States should ensure to minimizethat the restrictions placed upon

others acknowledged and correctly cited, and conflicts of interest and financial and other support for research acknowledged and correctly disclosed. In this same regard,

This item is related to the Commitment for Researchers No. 5 (Proposals, 2014) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

instaurer dans les règlementations, des normes établissant que les chercheurs sont libres de publier les résultats de leurs travaux, et les encourager à le faire; étendre ces normes aux données, méthodes, logiciels, etc., exploités par les chercheurs. Ils devraient aider à ce que les résultats soient publiés rapidement avec transparence et exactitude, étant donné que tous les auteurs sont pleinement responsables du contenu de la publication, que les contributions intellectuelles de tierces personnes sont reconnues et correctement citées et, que les informations relatives aux conflits d’intérêts et aux soutiens financiers sont mentionnées et correctement communiquées

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modifier en ajoutant ceci, à la troisième (3ième) ligne, après l’expression « qu’ils exécutent » les termes suivants « conformément aux législations sur la propriété intellectuelle ».

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A supprimer.

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Member States should, in consultation with scientific researchers’ organizations and as a matter of standard practice, encourage the

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scientific researchers’ right to publish or communicate their findings, in this manner be strictly minimized, as consistent with public interest and the right of their employers and fellow workers. I;n particular, Member States should ensure that

37. Les États membres devraient, systématiquement et en concertation avec les organisations de chercheurs scientifiques, encourager les employeurs de chercheurs scientifiques, et s'attacher eux-mêmes en tant qu'employeurs :

(a) A considérer comme étant de règleinstaurer dans les règlementations et les pratiques des normes établissant que les chercheurs scientifiques sont libres de publier les résultats des travaux qu'ils

employers of scientific researchers, and themselves as employers seek: (a) to regard it as the establish as norms in regulations and practice that scientific researchers be at liberty and encouraged to publish the results of their work and extend this norm to the data, methods, software, etc. that they used; and further that results be published in a transparent, and accurate and open access manner at the earliest possible time, with all authors fully responsible for the content of publication, and intellectual contributions of others acknowledged and correctly cited, and conflicts of interest and financial and other support for research acknowledged and correctly disclosed. In this same regard, (b) Mmember States should ensure to minimizethat the restrictions placed upon scientific researchers’ right to publish or communicate their findings, in this manner be strictly minimized, as consistent with public interest and the right of their employers and fellow workers. In particular, Member States should ensure that:

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Member States should, in consultation with scientific researchers’ organizations, establish as norms in regulations and practice that scientific researchers be at liberty and encouraged to publish the results of their work and extend this norm to the data, methods, software, etc. that they used; and further that results be published in a transparent and accurate manner at the earliest possible time, with all authors fully responsible for the content of publication, and intellectual contributions of others acknowledged and correctly cited, and conflicts of interest and financial and other support for research acknowledged and correctly disclosed. In what respects to the exploitation of science research technological results, Member States should ensure norms that determine and guarantee co-participation of the benefits of their intellectual property.

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exécutent, et encouragés à le faire ; étendre cette norme aux données, méthodes, logiciels, etc., exploités par ces derniers ; et contribuer à ce que les résultats soient publiés sans délai avec transparence et exactitude, étant entendu que l’ensemble des auteurs est pleinement responsable du contenu de la publication et que les contributions intellectuelles de tierces personnes sont reconnues et correctement citées, et que les informations relatives aux conflits d’intérêts et aux soutiens financiers et autres doivent être mentionnées et correctement communiquées. De même, les États membres

(b) A limiter au maximumdevraient veiller à ce que les restrictions apportées au droit des chercheurs scientifiques de publier ou de communiquer

1. The following issue needs stronger emphasis in the text, as this highlights the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved:

• Open science: with the rapid evolvement of new forms of knowledge generation and knowledge sharing, new challenges and dynamics emerge. Innovative ways in which researchers and science in general collaborate and the ethical and regulatory implications they entail should be emphasised

2. Open access could be defined much more broadly, not just sharing of

data and results between scientific researchers, but also with research subjects (reporting back), the general public, etc.

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Cet article porte sur les limites à restreindre, de la part de l’État, le droit de publication des chercheurs.

Les États membres devraient, en concertation avec les organisations de chercheurs scientifiques, instaurer dans les règlementations et les pratiques des normes établissant que les chercheurs scientifiques sont libres de publier les résultats des travaux qu’ils exécutent, et ils sont encouragés à le faire.

Par là même, les États devraient veiller à ce que les restrictions apportées au droit des chercheurs scientifiques de publier ou de communiquer soient strictement limitées aux résultats de leurs travaux, sans préjudice de l’intérêt du public ni des droits de leurs employeurs et de leurs collègues.

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par cette voie soient strictement limitées les résultats de leurs travaux, sans préjudice de l'intérêt du public ni des droits de leurs employeurs et de leurs collègues. Les États membres devraient notamment faire en sorte;

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After ‘results of research’ add « without unnecessary delay »

Recommend adding in after “…communicate…” “…about their work in their area of expertise.”

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Nous suggérons de préciser «que les résultats soient publiés sans délai indu ». En effet, parfois des délais sont nécessaires pour protéger des brevets ou pour permettre aux personnes et aux communautés concernées d’être informées des résultats susceptibles d’avoir une conséquence sur leur bien-être préalablement à leur publication.

37(a) (ac) the circumstances in which such restrictions are likely to apply be to expressed as clearly as possible in writing in the terms and conditions of their employment the circumstances in which such restrictions are likely to apply;

c.(a) que les circonstances dans lesquelles lesdites restrictions risquent d'être appliquées A définirsoient définies aussi clairement

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A supprimer. Nouveau b : les chercheurs soient clairement informés des conditions légales dans lesquelles ils peuvent publier et diffuser leurs travaux.

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que possible, par écrit, dans l'énoncé des conditions d'emploi, les circonstances dans lesquelles lesdites restrictions risquent d'être appliquées;

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37(b) (bd) similarly, to make clear the procedures by which scientific researchers can ascertain whether the restrictions mentioned in this paragraph apply in a particular case and by which mechanism he they can appeal are made clear.

(b) que la procédure par laquelle les chercheurs scientifiques peuvent s'enquérir si les restrictions mentionnées dans le présent paragraphe sont applicables dans tel ou tel cas et que leurs voies de recours soient clairement précisées.

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que la procédure par laquelle les chercheurs peuvent avoir recours si les restrictions mentionnées dans le présent paragraphe sont applicables dans tel ou tel cas et, que leurs voies de recours sont clairement précisées.

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A supprimer.

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37(c) (Deleted) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Add text on Intellectual Property: Individual researchers should be given due recognition for their contributions despite working for research instituations which have intellectual property monopoly (this text could otherwise appear at 20 c busm 33 bis, 38 or 38 bis)

37(d) (Deleted)

38 Recognition

38. Member States should demonstrate that they attach high importance to the scientific researcher’s receiving appropriate moral support and material compensation for the creative effort which is shown in his their work.

39. Accordingly, Member States should,: (a) bearing in mind that:

(i) the degree to which scientific researchers receive credit for and acknowledgement of their proven creativitperformancey, may

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Change the start of the article at « Member States…” to “Member States should ensure that scientific researchers receive appropriate...”

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3. Les États membres devraient montrer qu'ils attachent une grande importance à l'effort de création fourni par le chercheur au cours de son activité. Ils devraient faire en sorte que cet effort soit convenablement soutenu sur le plan moral et, récompensé sur le plan matériel.

4. Accorder aux chercheurs en science des prix, et recommander qu'il soit adopté à leur égard une attitude en rapport avec les résultats qu’ils ont obtenus.

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Member States should demonstrate that they attach high importance to the scientific researchers receiving appropriate moral support and material compensation for the creative effort which is shown

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affect their level of perceived job satisfaction, creativity and future performance,;

(ii) job satisfaction is likely to affect performance in scientific research generally, and may affect specifically the creative element in that performance;

(b) adopt, and urge the adoption of, appropriate treatment of scientific researchers with respect to their proven performancecreative effort.

Reconnaissance

38. Les États membres devraient montrer qu'ils attachent une grande importance à ce que l'effort de création fourni par le chercheur scientifique dans son activité soit convenablement soutenu sur le plan moral et récompensé sur le plan matériel.

in their work. Accordingly, Member States should, bearing in mind that the degree to which scientific researchers receive credit for and acknowledgement of their proven performance, may affect their level of perceived job satisfaction, creativity and future performance

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Member States should ensure the equal respect to proven performance of researchers of all ethnics,race,sex, gender atc.

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Member States should demonstrate that they attach high importance to the scientific researcher’s receiving appropriate moral support and material compensation for the creative effort which is shown in his their work.

39. Accordingly, Member States should,:(a) bearing in mind that: (i) the degree to which scientific researchers receive credit for and acknowledgement of their proven creativit performancey, may affect their level of perceived job satisfaction, creativity and future performance,; (ii) job satisfaction is likely to affect performance in scientific research generally, and may affect specifically the creative element in that performance; (b) adopt, and urge the adoption of, appropriate treatment of scientific researchers with respect to their proven performancecreative effort.

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La phrase suivante laisse présager un désavantage pour les chercheurs qui font de la recherche fondamentale ou dont les résultats sont négatifs. Cependant, tout résultat obtenu dans le cadre de recherche bien menée mérite reconnaissance, car tout résultat de recherche bien menée contribue à l’avancement des connaissances.

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39. En conséquence les États membres devraient

(a) Considérer, tout en gardant à l’esprit que :

(i) Lla mesure dans laquelle la créativitéles résultats obtenus par dont les chercheurs scientifiques font preuve dans leurs travaux est sont reconnuse et appréciése peut influer sur la satisfaction professionnelle qu'ils retirent de leur travail, sur leur créativité et sur leurs futures résultats, les États membres devraient ;

(ii) La satisfaction professionnelle a toutes chances d'influer sur la valeur des travaux de recherche scientifique en général et peut influer tout particulièrement sur l'élément de créativité qu'ils comportent;

(b) aAccorder aux chercheurs scientifiques, et recommander qu'il soit

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adopté à leur égard une attitude en rapport avec l'effort de créationles résultats dont ils ont fait preuvequ’ils ont obtenus.

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-- 38bis. Member States should seek to ensure that scientific researchers may:

38bis. les États membres devraient s'efforcer d'assurer que les chercheurs scientifiques puissent :

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les États membres devraient s'efforcer d'assurer que les chercheurs scientifiques peuvent:

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The following issue needs stronger emphasis in the text, as this highlights the raison d’être of this Recommendation and/or put forward contemporary key issues in the way science has evolved:

Human rights: explicit reference to the specific rights of researchers including the freedom of expression, movement, mobility, association in reference to the Convention

38bis(a) receive without hindrance the questions, criticisms and suggestions addressed to them by their colleagues throughout the world, as well as the intellectual stimulus afforded by such communications and the

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Recevoir sans problèmes les questions, critiques et suggestions qui leurs sont adressées par leurs collègues du monde entier et, bénéficier du stimulant intellectuel que leur apportent ces communications, ainsi que les échanges auxquels elles donnent lieu;

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exchanges to which they give rise;

(a) Recevoir sans entraves les questions, critiques et suggestions qui leur sont adressées par leurs collègues du monde entier et bénéficier du stimulant intellectuel que leur apportent ces communications et les échanges auxquels elles donnent lieu;

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38bis(b) enjoy in tranquility international acclaim warranted by their scientific merit.

(b) Jouir en toute tranquillité de la considération internationale que leur valent leurs mérites scientifiques.

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enjoy in tranquility international acclaim warranted by their scientific merit.

Argument: why use of the concept “tranquility”, is this necessary to point out?

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39 (Deleted) xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

Add as 38 ter or 39 text on Intellectual Property: Individual researchers should be given due recognition for their contributions despite working for research instituations which have intellectual property monopoly (this text could otherwise appear at 20 c bis, 33 bis, or as part of 37 or 38)

39(a) (Deleted)

39(a)(i) (Deleted)

39(a)(ii) (Deleted)

39(b) (Deleted)

40 40. Similarly, Member States should adopt, and urge the adoption of, the following standard practices:

40. De même, les États membres devraient adopter et recommander que soient adoptées les pratiques

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De même, les États membres devraient recommander que les pratiques systématiques suivantes soient adoptées:

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Numbering should be updated

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systématiques suivantes : 35/37

40(a) 40(a) written provisions to be included in the terms and conditions of employment of scientific researchers, stating clearly what rights (if any) belong to them (and, where appropriate, other to other interested parties) in respect of any discovery, invention, or improvement in technical knowhow which may arise in the course of the scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development which those scientific researchers undertake;

(a) Que les conditions d'emploi des chercheurs scientifiques comprennent des dispositions écrites indiquant clairement les droits (éventuels) du chercheur scientifique (et,

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written provisions to be included in the terms and conditions of employment of scientific researchers, stating clearly what rights (if any) belong to them (and, where appropriate, other to other interested parties) in respect of any discovery, invention, or improvement in technical knowhow which may arise in the course of the scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development which those scientific researchers undertake;

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...or improvement in technical knowhow or commercialization which may arise...

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Que les conditions d'emploi des chercheurs scientifiques comprennent des dispositions écrites indiquant clairement les droits (éventuels) du chercheur scientifique (et, s'il y a lieu, des autres parties intéressées) en ce qui concerne toute découverte, invention ou amélioration de procédé technique dont il pourrait être l'auteur au cours des travaux de recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental qu'il effectue;

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L’ajout du terme « scientifique » pour qualifier les chercheurs ne tient pas compte des différents types de méthodologie propre aux sciences humaines

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s'il y a lieu, des autres parties intéressées) en ce qui concerne toute découverte, invention ou amélioration de procédé technique dont il pourrait être l'auteur au cours des travaux de recherche

scientifique et de développement expérimental qu'il effectue; 36/37

et sociales, notamment en arts et en le res.Dans le même souci, nous suggérons d’ajouter le terme « œuvre » après celui d’ « invention ».

Pour préserver la cohérence du texte, il vaut mieux utiliser le terme « recherche et développement » consacré à l’article 1 c) iii) des définitions. Nous suggérons de retirer le « de » qui semble avoir été ajouté lors de la traduction.

40(b) 40(b) the attention of scientific researchers to be always drawn by the employer to such written provisions before the scientific researchers enter employment.

(b) Que l'employeur attire toujours l'attention des chercheurs scientifiques sur ces dispositions écrites avant leur entrée en fonctions.

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Que l'employeur attire toujours l'attention des chercheurs scientifiques sur ces dispositions écrites avant leur entrée en fonctions.

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41 Reasonable flexibility in the interpretation and appIication of texts setting out the terms and conditions of employment of scientific researchers

41. Member States should seek to ensure that the performance of scientific research and experimental developmentresearch and development be not reduced to pure routine. They should therefore see to it that all texts setting out terms of employment for, or governing the conditions of work of scientific researchers, be framed and interpreted with all the desirable flexibility to meet the requirements of science, and technology and innovation. This flexibility should not however be invoked in order to impose on scientific researchers conditions that are inferior

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Les États membres devraient s'efforcer de faire en sorte que le travail de recherche et développement ne soit pas réduit à une pure routine. Ils devraient donc faire en sorte que tous les textes relatifs aux conditions d'emploi des chercheurs soient conçus et interprétés avec toute la souplesse nécessaire pour tenir compte des exigences de la science, de la technologie et de l’innovation. Toutefois, cette souplesse ne devrait pas être invoquée pour imposer aux chercheurs des conditions d'emploi inférieures à celles dont bénéficient d'autres travailleurs ayant des qualifications et des responsabilités équivalentes.

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Il nous semble inutile d’ajouter « innovation » à la n de la phrase compte tenu que cette notion a été incluse dans la définition de « développement expérimental » 1 c)ii. Pour plus de cohérence, nous suggérons de vous référer au terme proposé dans les définitions.

Pour préserver la cohérence du texte, il vaut mieux utiliser le terme « recherche et développement » consacré à l’article 1 c) iii) des définitions. Nous suggérons de retirer le « de » qui semble avoir été ajouté lors de la traduction.

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to those enjoyed by other workers of equivalent qualifications and responsibility.

Nécessité d'interpréter et d'appliquer d'une manière raisonnablement souple les textes relatifs aux conditions d'emploi des chercheurs scientifiques

41. Les États membres devraient s'efforcer de faire en sorte que le travail de recherche scientifique et de développement expérimental ne soit pas réduit à une pure routine. Ils devraient donc faire en sorte que tous les textes relatifs aux conditions d'emploi des chercheurs scientifiques soient conçus et interprétés avec toute la souplesse désirable pour tenir compte des exigences de la science, et de la technologie et de l’innovation. Toutefois, cette souplesse ne devrait

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pas être invoquée pour imposer aux chercheurs scientifiques des conditions d'emploi inférieures à celles dont bénéficient d'autres travailleurs ayant des qualifications et des responsabilités équivalentes.

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42 The advancement of their various interests by scientific researchers in association

42. Member States should recognize it as wholly legitimate, and indeed desirable, that scientific researchers should associate to protect and promote their individual and collective interests, in bodies such as trade unions, professional associations and learned societies, in accordance with the rights of workers in general and inspired by the principles set out in the international

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« Défense des intérêts par les chercheurs »

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It related to the countries regulations.

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instruments listed in the annex to this recommendation. In all cases where it is necessary to protect the rights of scientific researchers, these organizations should have the right to support the justified claims of such researchers.

Défense, par les chercheurs scientifiques agissant collectivement, de leurs divers intérêts

42. Les États membres devraient reconnaître qu'il est parfaitement légitime, et même souhaitable, que les chercheurs scientifiques s'associent pour protéger et promouvoir leurs intérêts individuels et collectifs, en constituant des groupements tels que syndicats, associations professionnelles et associations culturelles, en s'inspirant des principes énoncés dans les

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instruments internationaux énumérés dans l'annexe de la présente recommandation. Dans tous les cas où il est nécessaire de protéger les droits des chercheurs scientifiques, ces organisations devraient avoir le droit de soutenir les demandes justifiées des intéressés.

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43 VI. Utilization and exploitation of the present recommendation

43. Member States should strive to extend and complement their own action in respect of the status of scientific researchers, by co-operating with all national and international organizations whose activities fall within the scope and objectives of this recommendation, in particular National Commissions for Unesco; international organizations;

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Les États membres devraient s'efforcer de compléter leur propre action en ce qui concerne la condition des chercheurs en coopérant avec tous les organismes nationaux et internationaux dont l'activité est en rapport avec les objectifs de la présente recommandation, en particulier les commissions nationales pour l'UNESCO; les organisations internationales; les organisations d'enseignants en science et en technologie; les employeurs en général; les associations culturelles; les associations professionnelles et les syndicats de chercheurs; les associations d'écrivains scientifiques; les associations de femmes scientifiques ; les organisations de jeunesse.

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Les États membres ….. les associations d'écrivains scientifiques; les sociétés savantes, les associations de femmes scientifiques ; les organisations de jeunesse.

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organizations representing science and technology educators; employers generally; learned societies, professional associations and trade unions of scientific researchers; associations of science writers; women in science associations, youth organizations.

VI. Utilisation et mise en œuvre de la présente recommandation

43. Les États membres devraient s'efforcer d'élargir et de compléter leur propre action en ce qui concerne la condition des chercheurs scientifiques en coopérant avec tous les organismes nationaux et internationaux dont l'activité est en rapport avec les objectifs de la présente recommandation, en particulier les commissions nationales pour l'UNESCO; les organisations

Student associations

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Les États membres devraient s'efforcer d'élargir et de compléter leur propre action en ce qui concerne la condition des chercheurs scientifiques en coopérant avec tous les organismes nationaux et internationaux dont l'activité est en rapport avec les objectifs de la présente recommandation, en particulier les associations de chercheurs scientifiques ou les organisations d'enseignants de science et de technologie.

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1. Include a paragraph that the use, application and impact of this recommendation be consistently monitored by member states and that member states report periodically to UNESCO.

2. Suggest to move paragraph 43 to the preamble and add active dissemination to the relevant bodies and institutions.

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COOPERATION INTERNATIONALE et OBSERVATOIRE MONDIAL

(à insérer au VI dont le titre devient « coopération internationale et observatoire mondial »)

1. Coopération Internationale

Rappelant I'importance d 'une coopération scientifique et intellectuelle entre les nations pour la paix et le développement dans le monde, invite les États membres à mettre en place des politiques de recherche favorisant la

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internationales; les organisations d'enseignants de science et de technologie; les employeurs en général; les associations culturelles; les associations professionnelles et les syndicats de chercheurs scientifiques; les associations d'écrivains scientifiques; les associations de femmes scientifiques ; les organisations de jeunesse.

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coopération internationale tout particulièrement dans ses dimensions Nord- Sud et Nord-Sud-Ord, et à investir d’AMS des thématiques de recherche qui ne concerneraient a priori que les pays du Sud, comme c'est le cas pour certaines maladies ou écosystèmes ;

Estimant que la circulation universelle du savoir repose sur des politiques de données ouvertes et de ressources éducatives libres, les incite à mettre en place des mécanismes favorisant la mise en œuvre de ces politiques, y compris à travers cl développement d 'universités numériques.

2. Observatoire Mondial

Souhaitant faire de la Recommandation un instrument vivant et évolutif au service de la science, des chercheurs et de l'humanité, propose de créer un observatoire mondial pour en permettre la diffusion et assister les États membres eu les différents acteurs dans sa mise en œuvre et son suivi.

44 44. Member States should support the work of the bodies mentioned above by the most appropriate means. 44. Les États membres devraient, par les moyens les plus appropriés, soutenir l'action des organismes précités.

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"Most appropriate means" are understood as a range of possible responses, not solely financial, but also for instance support through relevant policy.

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45 45. Member States should enlist the vigilant and active co-operation of all organizations representing scientific researchers, in ensuring that the latter may, in a spirit of community service, effectively assume the responsibilities, enjoy the rights and obtain the recognition of the status described in this recommendation.

45. Les États membres devraient s'assurer la coopération vigilante et active de toutes les organisations qui représentent les chercheurs scientifiques, en faisant en sorte que ceux-ci puissent, dans un esprit de service à l'égard de la collectivité, efficacement assumer les responsabilités et exercer les droits décrits dans la présente recommandation

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Les États membres devraient s'assurer de la coopération vigilante et active de toutes les organisations qui représentent les chercheurs, en faisant en sorte que ceux-ci puissent assumer efficacement les responsabilités, dans un esprit de service à l'égard de la collectivité. Ils devraient également tout mettre en œuvre afin qu’ils puissent bénéficier des droits décrits dans la présente recommandation.

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et se voir reconnaître la condition qui en fait l'objet.

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46 VII. Final provision

46. Where scientific researchers enjoy a status which is, in certain respects, more favourable than that provided for in this recommendation, its terms should not be invoked to diminish the status already acquired.

VII. Clause finale

46. Lorsque les chercheurs scientifiques jouissent, dans certains domaines, d'une condition plus favorable que celle qui résulte des dispositions de la présente recommandation, ces dispositions ne devraient, en aucun cas, être invoquées

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Remplacer dans certains domaines : pour l'exercice de leur activité

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After “…more favourable than” replace with “….than the minimum norm outlined throughout This Recommendation, the terms of this Recommendation should not be invoked to diminish the status already acquired.”

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pour revenir sur les avantages déjà acquis.

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Annex. International instruments and other texts concerning workers in general or scientific researchers in particular

A.

A. International conventions

Adopted by the International Conference of the

International Labour Organisation: the Freedom of

Association and Protection of the Right to Organize

Convention, 1948; the Right to Organize and Collective

La Convention sur l'interdiction du développement, la production et le stockage et l'utilisation des armes chimiques et sur leur destruction a été l'un des meilleurs accords signés entre les Etats membres et l'Assemblée générale des Nations Unies. La date de signature au 13 Janvier 1993, est considéré aujourd'hui comme un acte paradigmatique. Il est très important de continuer à travailler dans la destruction massive des armes chimiques et biologiques

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United Nations Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979)

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• Intellectual property Code, WIPO

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Bargaining Convention, 1949; the Equal Remuneration

Convention, 1951; the Social Security

(Minimum Standards) Convention, 1952; the Discrimination

(Employment and Occupation) Convention,

1958; the Radiation Protection Convention,

1960; the Employment Injury Benefits Convention,

1964; the Invalidity, Old-Age and Survivors’ Benefits

Convention, 1967; the Medical Care and Sickness

Benefits Convention, 1969; the Benzene Convention,

1971.

Additional Protocol to the American Convention on Human Rights in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1988)

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United Nations Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction (1993)

United Nations Convention on the prohibition of military or any other hostile use of environmental modification techniques (1976).

Council of Europe Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (1997)

Council of Europe European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and Other Scientific Purposes (1976)

B.

B. Recommendations

Adopted by the International Conference of the

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• The Code of Conduct for the Recruitment of Researchers

• The European Charter for Researchers

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International Labour Organisation: the Collective

Agreements Recommendation, 1951; the Voluntary

Conciliation and Arbitration Recommendation,

1951; the Radiation Protection Recommendation,

1960; the Consultation (Industrial and National

Levels) Recommendation, 1960; the Employment

Injury Benefits Recommendation, 1964; the Invalidity,

Old-Age and Survivors’ Benefits Recommendation,

1967; the Communication within the Undertaking

Recommendation, 1967; the Examination of

Grievances Recommendation, 1967; the Medical

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Care and Sickness Benefits Recommendation, 1969;

the Workers’ Representatives Recommendation,

1971; the Benzene Recommendation, 1971.

C. C. Other intergovernmental initiatives

Declaration on the Use of Scientific and Technological Progress in the Interests of Peace and for the Benefit of Mankind (1975), General Assembly resolution 3384 of 10 November 1975 Resolution 1826 adopted by the United Nations

Economic and Social Council on 10 August 1973

at its fifty-fifth session, on the ‘Role of modern

science and technology in the development of nations

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• The European Charter of FOR Researchers (2005)

• The Code of Conduct for the recruitment of scientists RESEARCHERS

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and the need to strengthen economic, technical and

scientific co-operation among States’; the World

Plan of Action for the Application of Science and

Technology to Development, drawn up under the

auspices of the same Council; the Declaration of the

United Nations Conference on the Human Environment,

proclaimed at Stockholm in June 1972.

UNESCO, Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (2005)

UNESCO and ICSU, Declaration on Science and the Use of Scientific Knowledge (1999)

European Charter of Researchers (2005)

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The Code of Conduct for Recruitment of Scientists (2005)

European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity (2011)

Proclamation of Tehran (1968)

Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action (1993)

Declaration of Dakar (2007)

Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States (1974)

OECD. (2015), Frascati Manual: Guidelines for Reporting Data on Research and Experimental Development, The Measurement of Scientific Technological and Innovation Activities.

OECD and Eurostat. (2005), Oslo Manual: Guidelines for Collecting and Interpreting Innovation Data, 3rd edition. The Measurement of Scientific and Technological Activities.

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D. D. Prepared by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO)

Model Law for Developing Countries on Inventions,

1965 (revision 1979).

L'OMPI est une institution spécialisée des Nations Unies (ONU) incorporé en 1965, dédiée au développement d'un système international de propriété intellectuelle équilibré et accessible, visant à récompenser la créativité, stimuler l'innovation et contribuer au développement économique et à la sauvegarde des intérêts publics. Ainsi, dans la société d'aujourd'hui de la connaissance et de la créativité, la propriété intellectuelle est un thème d'une importance croissante pour l'économie des pays et un canal d'insertion la communauté internationale. Au Cabo Verde, le Qualité Management Institute et la propriété intellectuelle (IGQPI) est une entité publique poursuivant des politiques gouvernementales des secteurs du tourisme, de l'industrie, le développement des affaires et de la propriété intellectuelle, en matière de développement un secteur intellectuel national, compétitif et innovant, ainsi que la gestion de la qualité, de la normalisation, de métrologie, d'accréditation et évaluation de la conformité.

E. E. Prepared by the International Council of Scientific Unions (Icsu)

Texts entitled: I. Statement on the fundamental

character of science; II. Charter for scientists; III. On

the dangers arising from unbalanced applications of

the powers given by science; prepared by ICSU’s

La science implique toute connaissance systématique obtenue par l'observation, l'expérimentation et le raisonnement. Il vise à accroître la compréhension du monde naturel, physique et social, ainsi que l'esprit humain. Dans cette dimension, couvertures scientifiques appelées sciences exactes, humaines naturelles, sociales et. Le Bureau de la science, de la technologie et de l'innovation du ministère de l'Éducation du Cabo Verde, a pour but d'organiser, de coordonner, de diffuser et de promouvoir la science et de la technologie à tous les niveaux des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche au Cabo Verde. Explique De plus, la Déclaration sur Science et l'utilisation des connaissances scientifiques (UNESCO 3rd Edition, 2005). La science doit être comprise comme un bien commun de l'humanité et de ses applications doit servir à des fins humanitaires.

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Committee on Science and its Social Relations

(CSSR) and transmitted to all members of ICSU at

the request of ICSU’s General Assembly (5th session,

1949);

IV. Sharing Scientific Data, with a Focus on Developing Countries (November 2011). Resolution on free circulation of scientists

adopted by the 14th session of the ICSU General

Assembly, Helsinki, 16-21 September 1972. Statute 5 entitled ICSU principle of Universality (freedom and responsibility) of Science. Statement on Research Integrity by the ICSU Committee on Freedom and Responsibility in Science (2008).

E. International Council of Scientific Unions (icsu) > International Council for Science (ICSU)

• Statute 5 entitled ICSU principle of Universality (freedom and responsibility) of Science. Statement on Research Integrity by the ICSU Committee on Freedom and Responsibility in Science (2008). >

• ICSU Statute 5 entitled „Principle of Universality (freedom and responsibility) of Science“. (2011)

• Publication „Freedom and Responsibility and Universality of Science“ (2014)

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F. F. Prepared by the World Federation of Scientific

Workers (WFSW)

Charter for scientific workers adopted by the WFSW

General Assembly, February 1948. Declaration on

the rights of scientific workers adopted by the

WFSW General Assembly, April 1969.

-- G. Other initiatives

The Russell-Einstein Manifesto (Pugwash, 1955)

Declaration of Helsinki (World Medical Association, 1964, as amended)

International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects (CIOMS, 2002, as amended)

Responsible Conduct in the Global Research Enterprise,

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• Bratislava Declaration of Young researchers

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• DORA - San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment (2012)

• Leiden Manifesto (2015)

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• Le Protocole de Nagoya sur l'accès aux ressources génétiques et le partage juste et équitable des avantages découlant de leur utilisation, Convention sur la diversité biologique (2010): https://www.cbd.int/abs/doc/protocol/nagoya-protocol-fr.pdf

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A Policy Report (InterAcademies, 2012)

Nagasaki Declaration (Pugwash Council, 2015)

• Geneva declaration at the WTO Public Forum 2016 by an international coalition of women engineers & scientists to realize action for a sustainable, technological and inclusive society by International Network of Women Engineers and Scientists (INWES) October 2016.

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• ALL EUROPEAN ACADEMIES. The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity, 2011.

• La Déclara on de Singapour sur l’intégrité en recherche. 2e Conférence mondiale sur l’intégrité en recherche (Singapour 21-24 juillet 2010).

• Montreal Statement on Research Integrity in Cross-Boundary Research Collabora ons. 3e Conférence interna onale sur l’intégrité en recherche, Montréal, mai 2013.