Common Surgical Problems

Lau Cheong Chi

Common Surgical Problems

Abdominal pain Foreign bodies ingestion Perineum Lumps & bumps AROU Changed bowel habits Haematemesis, Haematuria, Haematochezia,

Haemoptysis VV, PVD, Buerger’s disease Tumors

Abdominal pain

HBP – cholecystitis, cholangitis, Upper GI – PPU, gastritis, duodenitis Lower GI – I/O, appendicitis Genital – epididymitis +/- orchitis

Perineal concerns Haemorrhoids Fresh PR bleeding / mass / pain Active inflammation? Degree of prolapse Manual reduction Drugs: annusol, faktu; cream vs supp. Banding vs surgery Colonoscopy?

Foreign bodies ingestion

Most commonly caused by fish bones, followed by chicken bone

Odynophagia Direct largynoscope OGD CXR / XR neck: surgical emphysema

or retrophargneal abscess

Lumps & Bumps

Site, pain, texture, duration, size changes, Lipoma, sebaceous cyst, neuroma Lymphadenopathy (1ry vs 2ry) Benign vs malignant Referral to surgical – malignant potential:

fixation, painless, induration, rapid growing, ulceration, texture changes; cosmetic reasons

AROU

Painful retention, palpable bladder Risk of vasovagal syncope BPH, drug (cough, TCA, antipsychotics, etc),

UTI, stone, urethral trauma Catheterization, chart RU, save urine x C/ST,

AFB, cytology ? Clamp & declamping of Foley’s Uses of minipress/hytrin/cardura; ditropan,

pyridium, antibiotic (quinolones)

Changed bowel habit

Definition of constipation what is change in bowel habit Blood / mucus / anaemia / evidence of

malignancy colonoscopy

Haematemesis, haematuria, haematochezia, haemoptysis

Haematemesis vs haemoptysis – amount, taste, cough/vomit, CHF/APO;

UGIB – varices, PU, Mallory-Weiss Lungs – tumor, bronchiectasis, TB, etc. Pharynx – tumor Haematuria – early signs, medical vs surgical,

macroscopic vs microscopic: TB, UTI, tumor, stone; IgA nephropathy, glomerulonephritis

Haematochezia – piles, tumor, infection

Tumors

Alert Lumps & bumps; moles; skin (BCC vs

SCC) H&N(NPC, Ca pharygolarynx) , GI

(stomach, esophageus, colon, sigmoid & rectum), HBP (HCC, CC, Ca GB),

Lymphoma, haematological malignancy

VV, PVD, Buerger’s Disease VV – when to refer, need surgery?

Complications, avoid topical medications

PVD – risk factors, limit daily activities? Asso. coronary & cerebral vessels, indications for surgery

Buerger’s disease – sympathetic blockage, autoamputation; education

Thank you