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SSecond econd IInternational nternational WWorkshop on orkshop on SSoft oft CCondensed ondensed MMatter atter PPhysics and hysics and BBiological iological SSystems ystems
28 - 30 April 2010, Fez, Morocco28 - 30 April 2010, Fez, Morocco
K. El Hasnaoui, M.Benhamou, H.Kaidi, M.ChahidK. El Hasnaoui, M.Benhamou, H.Kaidi, M.Chahid
Laboratoire de Physique des Polymères et Phénomènes CritiquesLaboratoire de Physique des Polymères et Phénomènes CritiquesBen M’sik Sciences Faculty, Casablanca, MoroccoBen M’sik Sciences Faculty, Casablanca, Morocco
Consider a single polymeric fractal of arbitrary Consider a single polymeric fractal of arbitrary topology :topology :(D:Dimension spectrale)(D:Dimension spectrale)
- - Linear polymers Linear polymers :
- Branched polymers: Branched polymers:
- Polymer networks, ...Polymer networks, ...
We assume that the considered polymer is trapped in We assume that the considered polymer is trapped in a good solvent. Its Flory radius scales as :a good solvent. Its Flory radius scales as :
The dimension fractal can be obtained from standar The dimension fractal can be obtained from standar Flory theory : Flory theory :
Fd
For linear polymers For linear polymers : :
Branched polymers (animals)Branched polymers (animals) :
3d
TheThe upper critical dimensionupper critical dimension
For linear polymers For linear polymers : :
Branched polymers Branched polymers :
For linear polymers For linear polymers : :
Branched polymers Branched polymers :
20 Fd
40 Fd
Confinement condition :
Extended Flory theory :Extended Flory theory :
The parallel extension depends on polymer and tubular The parallel extension depends on polymer and tubular vesicle characteristics, through M and parameters (vesicle characteristics, through M and parameters (··, p), p)..
At fixed polymer mass M, the parallel extension is important At fixed polymer mass M, the parallel extension is important for those tubular vesicles of small bending modulus.for those tubular vesicles of small bending modulus.
The above behavior is valid as long as the tube diameter The above behavior is valid as long as the tube diameter is greater than the typical value : is greater than the typical value :
The confined polymer is one-dimensional. The confined polymer is one-dimensional.
The aim is the conformation study of a polymer of The aim is the conformation study of a polymer of arbitrary topology confined to two parallel fluctuating arbitrary topology confined to two parallel fluctuating fluid membranes :fluid membranes :
Confinement condition : Confinement condition :
Backgrounds :Backgrounds :
Consider a lamellar phase formed by two parallel Consider a lamellar phase formed by two parallel bilayer membranes, their total interaction energy bilayer membranes, their total interaction energy (per unit area) is the following sum : (per unit area) is the following sum :
Mean-separation behavior :Mean-separation behavior : Lipowsky and Lipowsky and Leibler.Leibler.
Here, ψ is a critical exponent whose value is :Here, ψ is a critical exponent whose value is :
Extended Flory theory :Extended Flory theory :
This behavior combines two critical phenomena : This behavior combines two critical phenomena : long mass limit, unbinding transition.long mass limit, unbinding transition.
The parallel radius becomes more and more smaller The parallel radius becomes more and more smaller as the unbinding transition is reached. as the unbinding transition is reached.
The confined polymer is two dimensional. The confined polymer is two dimensional.
Sépartranapps
tran TTR '
//
Two objectives :Two objectives :
Conformational study of a polymeric fractal inside a Conformational study of a polymeric fractal inside a tubular vesicle.tubular vesicle.
Conformational study between two parallel membranes Conformational study between two parallel membranes forming an equilibrium lamellar phase.forming an equilibrium lamellar phase.
Il sera interésant de completer cette etude par une Il sera interésant de completer cette etude par une Investigation de la dynamique des fractales Investigation de la dynamique des fractales polymériques confinées polymériques confinées
That’s all for today!
Thanks for your interest!
13
SSecond econd IInternational nternational WWorkshop on orkshop on SSoft oft CCondensed ondensed MMatter atter
PPhysics and hysics and BBiological iological SSystems ystems
28 - 30 April 2010, Fez, 28 - 30 April 2010, Fez, MoroccoMorocco
14
Hydration energy :Hydration energy :
J/m 2.0~ 2hhh PA With
: is the hydration length. h : is the hydration pressure. hP Pa4.10 Pa4.10 97 hP
nm 3.0h
nm 54~
The Hamaker constant is in the range W ~10-22 - 10-21J
The bilayer thickness
ll
WlV
ll
WlV
W
W
1
12) (
²) (
2
4
It originates from the membranes undulations :
kB : Boltzmann constant
T : Absolute temperature·: Effective bending rigidity constant of the two membranes.
CH : Helfrich constant CH ~0.23
When the critical amplitude is approached from above, the mean separation between the two membranes diverges according to :
Here, ψ is a critical exponent whose value is :
The critical value Wc depends on the parameter of the problem, which are temperature T, and parameters Ph, λh, δ and ·.
Standard Flory de Gennes theory based on the following free energy :
ideal radius
:
:
:
2
//
//HR
R
Parallel extension of the polymer.
Excluded volume parameter (for good solvents).
Volume occupied by the fractal.
Minimizing the above free energies with respect to gives :
//R
4/1
4
)2(
// ~
H
aaMR D
D
Firstly, the expression of the parallel extension combines two critical phenomena : long mass limit of the polymeric fractal, vicinity of the unbinding transition of the membranes.
Secondly, in this formula, naturally appears the fractal dimension (D + 2) /4D of a two dimensional polymeric fractal
Finally, the parallel radius becomes more and more smaller as the unbinding transition is reached. In other word, this radius is important only when the two adjacent membranes are strongly bound.
2
4
2
2 2d
D
D
D
dDd à
F
//R
We assume that the considered polymer is trapped in a good solvent . We denote by
its gyration (or Flory) radius.
Hausdor fractal dimension.ff
:
:
:
a
M
dF
Molecular weight (total mass) of the considered polymer.
Monomer size.
FdF aMR
1
~
The mean square distance between two monomers i and j is twice as large as Rg
dF
F
B R
N
R
R
Tk
F 2
20
2
For a polymer of radius R, Flory wrote the free energy in the form:
The second terms is a middle interaction energy.
0R is the ideal radius .
20
2
R
R
Tk
F F
B
el
The first term is an elastic Hookean spring contribution
dFB R
N
Tk
F 2int
The dimension fractal gets himself while minimizing the free energy of Flory with report to , we arrive to:
Fd
2
2
D
dDdF
FR
2
5)3(
D
DdF
For dimension 3,we have
For linear polymers :
Ideal branched ones (animals) :
35)3( Fd
2)3( Fd
D
Dd F
2
20
20 Fd1DLinear polymers :
Ideal branched polymers : 34D 40 Fd
Membranes : 2D 0Fd
When the system is ideal(Without excuded volume forces),its radius is such that , stands for Gaussian fractal dimension, it is related to the spectral dimension D by:
01
0 ~ FdaMR0Fd
The upper critical dimension is obtained by using Ginzburg criterion, this criteria consists in considering the part interaction of the energy free of Flory, in which we replace
0RRF
1ideal )/(2
)/(22
0
0
F
F
ddd
ddddF
Na
NaR
N
02 Fdd
The The upper critical dimensionupper critical dimension
1DLinear polymers :
Ideal branched polymers : 34D
Membranes : 2D ucd
4ucd
8ucd
D
Dduc
2
4
12111 1
RCRC
- Mean –Curvature
- Gaussian Curvature
212
1CCC
21CCK
moyen
:
:
:
:
:
:
:
0C
p
V
dA
G
Area element Volume enclosed within the lipid bilayer
Bending rigidity constant
Gaussian curvature
Surface tension Pressure difference between the outer and inner sides of the vesicles
Spontaneous curvature
Vesicles also have constraints on surface and volume. According to Helfrich’s theory, the free energy
of a vesicle is written as : dVPdAdAKdACCF
VSSGS 2
0222
Curvature : la courbure
With the surface Laplace Bertlami operator :
ij
ij
gg
g
det
:
is the metric tensor on the surface
j
iji u
ggug
12
022222 20
20 CKCCCCCCP
The general shape equation has been derived via variational calculus to be:
022222 20
20 CKCCCCCCP
0222 2 CCCP
0 ,1
2 KR
C
0
/12With 02
0
2
C
CteRCC
01
43
RP RH
PH
R
P2
42
1
4
31
3
dVPdAdAKdACCFVSSGS 2
0222
For cylindrical (or tubular) vesicles, one of the principal curvature is zero, and we have :
R is the radius of the cylinder
0 ,1
2 KR
C
For very long tubes, the uniform solution to equation (a) is:
3/14
2
pH
where H is the equilibrium diameter.
(b)
This condition implies that the polymer confinement is possible only when the temperature T is below some typical value :
We note that the polymer is confined only when its three dimensional gyration :
is much greater than the mean separation :
D
D
F aMR 5
)2(
3 ~
3FRH
TTH C ~
D
D
C* aMTT 5
)2(
The standard Flory- de Gennes theory based on the following free energy
2//
2
20
2//
HR
M
R
R
Tk
F
B
ideal radius 01
0 ~ FdaMR
:
:
:
2//
//
HR
R
the polymer parallel extension to the tube axis
is the excluded volume parameter (for good solvents)
represents the volume occupied by the fractal.
Minimizing the above free energies with respect to yields the desired results :
3/2
3
)2(
// ~
H
aaMR D
D
//R
H :is the equilibrium diameter
9/233
)2(
// ~
PaaMR D
D
3/14
2
PH
3FRH
With
Standard Flory de Gennes theory based on the following free energy :
HR
M
R
R
Tk
F
B2//
2
20
2//
ideal radius 0
1
0 ~ FdaMR
:
:
:
2
//
//HR
R
Parallel extension of the polymer.
Excluded volume parameter (for good solvents).
Volume occupied by the fractal.