communication & organizational ethics

COMMUNICATION & ORGANIZATIONAL

ETHICS

BY: CHELDY SYGACO ELUMBA-PABLEO,MPA,LLB

ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION

ETHICS IN ORGANIZATION

• “ETHICS must begin at the topof an organization. It is aleadership issue and the chiefexecutive must set anexample.”—Former ChiefJustice Edward Hennessey,Massachusetts Supreme Court


COMMUNICATION ETHICS

The principle governingcommunication, the right andwrong aspects of it, themoral- immoral dimensionsrelevant to Interpersonalcommunication are called theethics of Interpersonalcommunication.


COMMUNICATION ETHICSBY: CHELDY SYGACO ELUMBA-PABLEO,MPA,LLB


Maintaining the correctbalance between the speakingand listening

the legitimacy of fear andemotional appeal

degree of criticism and praise.



A death or an overdose of either ofthe factors could result inunfavorable consequences.

The principle of honesty on bothsides should be completely appliedbecause any amount of insincerityfrom either the listener or thespeaker would not be prudent.


FUNDAMENTALS OF ETHICAL COMMUNICATION

• responsible thinking

• decision making

• development of relationships and communities

• Contexts

• Cultures

• Channels

• Media



• RESPONSIBLE THINKING--means teaching them howto think on their own andcreate their own effectiveplans rather than someoneelse doing the thinking forthem.



• DECISION-MAKING isregarded as the cognitiveprocess resulting in theselection of a belief or acourse of action amongseveral alternativepossibilities.



• Every DECISION-MAKING processproduces a final choice, whichmay or may not prompt action.

• It is the process of identifyingand choosing alternatives basedon the values, preferences andbeliefs of the decision-maker.



• DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPS

AND COMMUNITIES— ”the mostimportant single ingredient inthe formula of success isknowing how to get along withpeople.”—Theodore Roosevelt



• DEVELOPMENT OF RELATIONSHIPSAND COMMUNITIES---One of themost profound experiences we canhave in our lives is the connectionwe have with other human beings.

• Positive and supportiverelationships will help us to feelhealthier, happier, and moresatisfied with our lives.



• CONTEXTS --Moral principles that aperson's behaviour or the conducting ofan activity.

• Ethics is our feelings, beliefs, doings andacceptance.

• Workplaces are mixes of many ethicalvalues each person brings a personal viewof what is ethical .

• We communicate our value and beliefs toother via verbal and non verbal behavior.



• CULTURES--Cross-culturalcommunication is a necessity for anycompany that has a diverse workforce orplans on conducting global business.

• This type of communication provides anunderstanding of how employees ofdifferent cultures speak,communicate and perceive the worldaround them.



• COMMUNICATION CHANNELS--refer to the way this information flowswithin the organization.

• In this web known as communication, amanager becomes a link.

• Instructions or decisions flow upwards,downwards or sideways, depending on theposition of the manager inthe communication web.



• MEDIA--According to Wilbur Schramm, the role ofmedia in development can be divided into threeparts:

• (i) to inform

• (ii) to instruct and

• (iii) to participate

• To inform: for the development of the society,correct social, political and economic influence is themain criteria. ... Mass media plays animportant role in this.


UNETHICAL COMMUNICATION

• threatens the quality of allcommunicationandconsequentlythewell-being of individuals and thesociety.

• A business with unethicalcommunication practices is not aseffective as one with ethicalcommunicationpractices.


PRINCIPLES OF ETHICAL COMMUNICATION

• advocate truthfulness,accuracy, honesty, andreason as essential to theintegrity of communication.



• endorse freedom ofexpression, diversity ofperspective, and toleranceof dissent to achieve theinformed and responsibledecision making fundamentalto a civil society.



• strive to understand andrespect other communicatorsbefore evaluating andresponding to their messages.



• promote access tocommunication resources andopportunities as necessary tofulfil human potential andcontribute to the well-beingof families, communities, andsociety.



• promote communicationclimates of caring andmutual understanding thatrespect the unique needsand characteristics ofindividual communicators.



• condemn communication thatdegrades individuals andhumanity through distortion,intimidation, coercion, andviolence, and through theexpression of intolerance andhatred.



• Being committed to thecourageous expression ofpersonal convictions inpursuit of fairness andjustice.



• advocate sharing information,opinions, and feelings whenfacing significant choices whilealso respecting privacy andconfidentiality.



• accept responsibility forthe short- and long- termconsequences for ourown communication andexpect the same ofothers.


INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION ETHICS

• INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• Interpersonal communication refers to communication with another person.

THIS KIND OF COMMUNICATION IS SUBDIVIDED INTO:

• dyadic communication

• public communication

• small-group communication.


PRINCIPLES OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• Inescapable

• Irreversible

• Complicated

• Contextual

• Psychological context

• Relational context

• Situational context

• Environmental context

• Cultural context



• Interpersonal communication is INESCAPABLE.

• We can't not communicate.

• The very attempt notto communicate communicates something.

• Through not only words, but through tone ofvoice and through gesture, posture, facialexpression, etc.

• we constantly communicate to those aroundus, even when you sleep, you communicate.



• Interpersonal communication is IRREVERSIBLE.

• You can't really take back something once ithas been said.

• The effect must inevitably remain.

• SELF SERVING BIAS: This is also another sayto “blame” others for our responsibilities.



• Interpersonalcommunication is COMPLICATED.

• No form of communication is simple.Because of the number of variables involved,even simple requests are extremelycomplex.

• The more communication there is, the moredifficult it is for communication to succeed.



• Interpersonalcommunication is CONTEXTUAL.

• In other words, communication does nothappen in isolation.

• There is: Psychological context, which iswho you are and what you bring to theinteraction.

• ("You" here refers to both participants in theinteraction.)



• Interpersonal communication iscontextual.

• Your needs, desires, values,personality, etc., all formthe PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTEXT.

• ("You" here refers to both participantsin the interaction.) Relational context,which concerns your reactions to theother person--the "mix."



• RELATIONAL CONTEXT-subset ofinterpersonal communication that focuseson the expression and interpretation ofmessages within close relationships.

• It includes all types of messages andinteractions, as long as it is between twopeople in a close relationship (fromvital relational messages to mundaneeveryday interactions.



• SITUATIONAL CONTEXT dealswith the psycho-social "where"you are communicating.



• ENVIRONMENTAL COMMUNICATION iscommunication about environmental affairs.

• This includes all of the diverse forms ofinterpersonal, group, public, organizational,and mediated communication that make upthe social debate about environmental issuesand problems, and our relationship to therest of nature.



• Cultural context includesall the learned behaviorsand rules that affect theinteraction.


FUNCTIONS OF INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION

• Gaining Information

• Building a Context of Understanding

• Establishing Identity

• Interpersonal Needs

• Inclusion

• Control

• Affection


DISTANCE

• Provides necessary space for eachcommunicative partner to contribute to therelationship.

• Is interpersonal space that nourishes the verything that keeps persons together interpersonally—relationship.

• Is an ethical responsibility, not a flaw or alimitation.

• The importance of distance keeps us fromequating interpersonal communication with evermore closeness.


INTERPERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY

• Begins with each person’s commitment toactive care for the interpersonal relationship,owned by neither and nurtured with or withoutthe support of the Other.

• Adheres to the insight of Emmanuel Levinas,abandoning the expectation of reciprocity forattentiveness to a call to responsibility with orwithout the approval of the other.



• Interpersonal relationships that you form atwork serve a critical role in both your worksuccess and career progress.

• Positive interpersonal relationships will alloweffective communication and understandingamong employees.

• Keep lines of communication open.

• Maintain boundaries.



• Involves: Caring for an interpersonalrelationship.

• As one seeks a path in life, interpersonalrelationship responsibility invites a balancebetween distance and closeness in eachrelationship, which defines the quality ofour interpersonal lives (Stewart, 2006).

• Sympathy

• Empathy


ETHICAL FRAMEWORKSBY: CHELDY SYGACO ELUMBA-PABLEO,MPA,LLB

DEONTOLOGICAL APPROACH

• the most frequented basis of ourdecision making process, expressing acommitment to the most basicprinciples.

• It is regarded as universal, alwaysapplicable whatever the circumstanceis.

• We follow these rules since we thinkof them as duties.


DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS OUTLINEDBY: CHELDY SYGACO ELUMBA-PABLEO,MPA,LLB

UTILITARIAN APPRAOCH

• focuses on the results andwhether or not it wouldbenefit the majority.

• Utilitarianism focuses onthe consequences of eachaction or decision.


VIRTUE APPROACH

• concerned with moralcharacter and places moreweight or value on the dignity ofan individual and a humanity’stask of caring for one another.

• It emphasizes character asopposed to duty orconsequence.


RIGHT APPROACH

• starts from the belief that humans havea dignity based on their human --abilityto choose freely what they do with theirlives.

• ON THE BASIS OF SUCH DIGNITY, theyhave a right to be treated as ends andnot merely as means to other ends.

• the duty to respect others' rights.


THE FAIRNESS OR JUSTICE APPROACH

• Aristotle and other Greek philosophers havecontributed the idea that all equals should betreated equally.

• Today we use this idea to say that ethical actionstreat all human beings equally -- or if unequally,then fairly, based on some standard that isdefensible.

• We pay people more based on their harder workor the greater amount that they contribute to anorganization, and say that is fair.


COMMON GOOD APPROACH

• This approach suggests that the interlockingrelationships of society are the basis of ethicalreasoning and that respect and compassion for allothers -- especially the vulnerable -- arerequirements of such reasoning.

• It calls attention to the common conditions that areimportant to the welfare of everyone.

• This may be a system of laws, effective police andfire departments, health care, a public educationalsystem, or even public recreation areas.


EGOISTIC APPROACH

• In this approach, an individualoften uses utilitariancalculation to produce thegreatest amount of good forhim or herself.


DIVINE COMMAND APPROACH

• This approach sees what is right as the same aswhat God commands, and ethical standards arethe creation of God’s will.

• Following God’s will is seen as the very definitionwhat is ethical.

• Because God is seen as omnipotent and possessedof free will, God could change what is nowconsidered ethical, and God is not bound by anystandard of right or wrong short of logicalcontradiction.


FEMINIST APPROACH

• In recent decades, the virtue approach toethics has been supplemented and sometimessignificantly revised by thinkers in thefeminist tradition, who often emphasize theimportance of the experiences of women andother marginalized groups to ethicaldeliberation.

• Like virtue ethics, feminist ethics concernedwith the totality of human life and how thislife comes to influence the way we makeethical decisions.


THANK YOU FOR READING!

CHELDHAYE

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