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Be Adept:LEVEL UP WITH YOUR ENGLISHLUVEE HAZEL T. CALVENTAS-AQUINOCollege of Arts and Sciences,Mariano Marcos State University
Being adept
adept
1adeptnoun\a-dept, -dept, a-\ a highly skilled or well-trained person : someone who is adept at somethingexpert. 2adeptadjective\-deptalsoa-dept\ very good at doing something that is not easythoroughlyproficient
Source: Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Adept: Our Definition, Our GoalArticulate, Dynamic,EmpoweredProficientTeachers and School AdministratorsImportance of English proficiency among teachers and school administratorsThe nature of communicationSounds of English, focusing on the problem sounds for FilipinosWord stress Liaisons / word linking Nonverbal communicationDeveloping English proficiency
Why English? Why bother?
For centuries, people survived without English! (At least the way it is now.)
It has not always been THE language to learn
English: Universal Language ?
25% of the worlds people do not use EnglishOften, those who do use English are the best educated and most influential members of their society (opinion makers)
English in the Classroom, and Beyond
As a medium of instructionFormal written communicationFormal speaking contexts (meetings, ceremonies, oral presentations General conversations with people from the outside world
BOTTOM LINE:
We need to communicate effectively.
DEVELOPING DESIRABLE COMMUNICATION SKILLS
COMMUNICATION
The Process of Understanding and Sharing Meaning
Understanding- perceiving, interpreting, and comprehending the meaning of the verbal and non verbal behavior of others. Sharing- an interaction between people to exchange meaning Meaning- shared understanding of the message
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COMMUNICATION: What is Involved
Communication starts with the self ---how you see yourself can make a great difference in how you communicate Dean Barnlund: six persons are involved in every two-person communication situationhttp://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/LearningInnovation/MUGUA/Documents/Governance%20Workshop%20Material/Communication%20Skills.pdf
Communication involves others
http://www.hec.gov.pk/InsideHEC/Divisions/LearningInnovation/MUGUA/Documents/Governance%20Workshop%20Material/Communication%20Skills.pdf
LANGUAGEBODY LANGUAGE 70%VERBAL LANGUAGE 30%
CONSCIOUSNESS
THE INSIDE -OUT PARADIGM OF COMMUNICATION
THE SOUNDS OF ENGLISH
ILOKANO / TAGALOG VS ENGLISH SOUNDSILOKANO / TAGALOGENGLISHSyllable-timed Stress-timedSpelling-sound correspondenceNo one-to-one correspondence between sound and spelling
Filipinos often have problems pronouncing the English vowelsThere are ten consonant sounds in English, (some of which) are not found in (some) Philippine languagesFilipinos often substitute sounds in their own languages that very closely resembles these English sounds
Some problem sounds for Filipinos / Ilokanos
/p/ /f//b // v//sh//ch//dz/soft and hard thVowels: long and short e; ; schwa ()
// vs. // vs. /d/
think-though-daremoth-either-denThin-clothing-doubtpath-thy-dozethree-leather-ladderforth-worthy-sealedCloth-clothe-daytooth-these-deanmyth-thus-feared
Either I buy this toothpaste or those toothbrushes
The Wrath of Thor breathes life into the withering mythological writing scene.
Thinking of the thought of weather and others.
Thomas will choose either this or that, but neither those or these.
Advanced English Proficiency Training2013
sh//
Advanced English Proficiency Training2013
The [ ] is represented by many spellings, besides sh:
ti as in induction, fiction, motion, portion, sectionsi as in pension, mansionss as in passion, mission, sessionci as in facial, racial, gracious, preciousch as in attache, mustache, chaperone, chauffeur, chef, chivalrous, carte blanche
Advanced English Proficiency Trainingthe pilot run
sh vs. s// vs. /s/
And only the Master shall praise us, and only the Master shall blame; And no one shall work for money, and no one shall work for fame.(Rudyard Kipling, L Envoi)-----Matrimony usually starts with friendship, goes on to courtship, and ends up in battleship.
/t/cheapchillyclutchpicturechastelaunchvirtueblotchRanchrighteous stretchCoach
Advanced English Proficiency Training2013
/d/JamjackpotGemJestjeansJackGiantGestureJagjetJanuaryJune
Advanced English Proficiency Training2013
//BeigeSabotageTreasureExplosionProtgeUsual
CamouflagePrestigePleasureCollageLingerieMeasureCorsageGarageLeisureEntourageVisionIntrusionEspionageVisualIllusion
TOP OF THE STAIRCASET is an aspirated t (a strong, clear T sound)- at the beginning of a word or in a stressed syllable MIDDLE OF THE STAIRCASEIf the T is in the middle of the word, /t/ becomes a soft /d/;/t/ is silent
BOTTOM OF THE STAIRCASEIf the T is in the middle of the word, /t/ becomes a soft /d/
Advanced English Proficiency Training2013
Aspirated /t/TeacherTable Test Student tack Traffic
Advanced English Proficiency Training2013
*In the past tense, D sounds like T, after an unvoiced consonant sound f, k, p, s, ch, sh, th (but not T).
*With a stressed T and ST, TS, TR, CT, LT and sometimes NT combinations.
Advanced English Proficiency Training2013
/t/ is soft /d/...if /t/ is located at the middle of the wordWaterdaughter bought acaught a lot of got a latermeetingbetter
Advanced English Proficiency Training2013
/t/ when preceded and followed by /s/CastsPriestsToastsFastsInsistsDustsLastsListsGustsJestsMistsRusts
Advanced English Proficiency Training2013
T disappears or is silent after /n/ in unstressed positioninterviewinternationalAdvantageprintouttwentypercentage
Advanced English Proficiency Training2013
If the T is at the end of a word, you almost don't hear it at all.PutlotSetwhathotShotbroughtsitbat
Pronouncing the final ed sound in verbs in the past tense
If -ed is preceded by a voiceless consonant sound (p, k, sh, etc.) -ed sounds as a voiceless 't'. flappedshockedmashedpassedIf -ed is preceded by a voiced consonant sound (d, b, v, etc.) -ed sounds as a voiced 'd'. Remember that the 'e' is silent. lovedlaggedstirredmourned
Final -d or ed soundIf -ed is preceded by a vowel sound (often 'ay') -ed sounds as a voiced 'dmooed played stayedException: If -ed is preceded by 't' pronounce a voiced -id. In this case, the 'e' is pronounced. plantedsupportedassortedchatted
/s/ is /iz/
RULE 1. If the simple / singular form ends with the sounds /s/, /z/, /sh/, /zh/, Ich/, /j/, /ks/, then pronounce -s and -es as an extra syllable /iz/ slice ---- slices hatch--- hatches prize ---- prizes judge --- judgesdish ---- dishes inch ---- inches language ---- languages
Pronunciation of the s or es endings of nouns, possessives and verbs
/s/ is /z/
RULE 2. If the simple form ends with a voiced consonant (/b/, /d/, /g/, /m/, /n/, /ng/ or with a vowel sound, then pronounce -s and -es as /z/: /s/ ending is /z/robe --- robesbed --- bedsflag --- flagsblame --- blamesSing --- singsspin ---- spins
s is /s/
RULE 3. If the simple form ends with the voiceless sounds /p/, /t/, /k/, /f/, or /th/, then pronounce -s and -es as /s/sleep---sleeps start ---starts spike---spikes laugh---laughsmonth---months
Problems with English vowels
lack of knowledge of the English sounds
L1 interference
Vernacular E in BITVernacular I in BETVernacular O in PUTVernacular U in BOATVernacular U in BALLVernacular E in BLACKVernacular A in STADIUMVernacular A in BATVernacular A in DOLLARVernacular I in FIRMVernacular O in BOTANYVernacular U in CULTUREVernacular A in BARVernacular E in TEACHERVernacular I in BITVernacular O in HARBORVernacular U in CAREFUL
DRILL: VOWELS
/ i /eat, suite, retail, each, feel/ I /it, sit, relief, itch, fill/ eI /ate, relate, ache, ballet/ /bury, sever, retell, etch, fell/ /at, sat, rematch, fact, flat/ /art, module, boss, online, father/ /up, love, zebra, family, purpose/ /law, sought, recall, broadband, falter
DRILL: VOWELS
/ OU /oath, sole, retold, plateau, Plato/ U /good, pull, should, / u /sooth, you, food, tune, blew/ r /early, service, firm, color, purchase/ aI /idea, bike, recite, design, file/ aU /out, hour, down, sound, foul/ I /soil, recoil, choice, void, enjoy
green hillsbusy leaderweak linksing sleepilybreathe quicklytimid and weakeat iteager kidsquick readingsit on the seatseek the sickfit your feet
/ / words but mispronounced with /eI/anyschedulemanyregularsteadycenturyreadytwentyheavypressurespecialattention
/ /black blockcat carthat hothat heartpat potpat partjab jobmatch Marchsack sockback bark
bad bedhappy endingman menanswer the lettersad saidthan thenlad led
bad bedtan from tennisman menhappy endingsad saidelegant mannersthan thensteady galloplad ledanswer the letterband bendlaughter and tenderness
SchwaspellingaeioustressGroup AatlasdistantpalacecollegeillnesssockettulipcousinpromiseanchorpurposeribbonlettucecircusstressGroupBadvicecanoemachineescapeDessertRevealdiseasedivideignoreoffendcontaintonightsuggestsubtractsupport
STRESS AND EMPHASISStrong and weak soundsThe schwaElision
averagechocolateMathematicsLibraryPolicemanHistorygovernment
DRILL: STRESSRead the following words with the correct stress:
necessarytolerableintervalrectangleinstinctspreferablegovernaffiliatetemporaryestablish elementarysecondaryceremonytalentedalleviateutensilmade a record to record a song
STRESS IN CONNECTED SPEECHCONTENT WORDS vs GRAMMATICAL WORDS
Dogs eat bones.The dogs eat the bones. The lazy dogs eat the bones in the street.
STRESS AND MEANINGI didn't say he stole the money.I didn't say he stole the money.I didn't say he stole the money.I didn't say he stole the money.I didn't say he stole the money.I didn't say he stole the money.I didn't say he stole the money.
LIAISONSskip itkeep itbreak itfix itlaugh it offhand it overthey aremay Isay ithe isshe iswe areI amhigh upmy appleStop pushing.She hit two balls.I miss Sue.What a nice old dog!Call Laura right away.
COMMONLY MISPRONOUNCED WORDSFact honorable comfortable applicable controversytestimony actuallyvegetable characterizeprofessordeficitregistrarsemestercashiervouchermargarine prevalent TheorymanualNegotiatesemester committee condolencedistinguish insurancedistribute determinepercentageestablish
WHEN IN DOUBTCheck the dictionary.
Consult others.
Use another word.
FLUENCY: CURING THE VERBAL VIRUS
Fillers
Useless words
Brief pause / silence
Prepare.
DEVELOPING FLUENCYP-R-E-PPointReasonExamplePoint
DEVELOPING FLUENCYUse transitions effectively
Be aware of your nonverbal communication behavior.
Be sensitive to the eye cues.
GESTUREIN MODERATE FORMWHEN EXAGGERATEDForward leanFriendly feelingsHostile feelingsDirect eye contactFriendly feelingsHostile feelingsUnique dress and hairstyleCreativityRebelliousnessUpright postureExpertise; self-confidenceUprightness; hostilitySmilingFriendliness; relaxed and secure composureMaking hostility; submissiveness
GESTUREIN MODERATE FORMWHEN EXAGGERATEDAverting gazeShyness; modestyGuilt; unreliabilityKnitted browInvolvementHostilityNodding and reaching out the hands while talking Self-confidenceUncertainty
PARALANGUAGEGESTUREIN MODERATE FORMWHEN EXAGGERATEDVariability in voice, pitch rate, and loudnessLively mindNervousness; anxiety; insecurity
PARALANGUAGEIntonation:
Were you absent yesterday?Where did you go?
PARALANGUAGE EXERCISEUse emphasis and intonation to signify the different meanings indicated.
Did Valerie get 100 in the Physics exam?Meanings:Im surprised.It must have been someone else.Are you sure it was a 3.0?It must have been in some other course.
DEVELOPING ORAL PROFICIENCY IN ENGLISH
Watch movies in EnglishListen to records of spoken EnglishInteract with native speakers (or, proficient non-native English speakers)Dont be afraid to make mistakes
Help others by:Sharing your resourcesPracticing judicious error correctionBeing a good conversation partner