Community Needs-Based Approach to Diaspora PhilanthropyDr. Celia M. ReyesCBMS Network Leader and PEP Co-Director

This work was carried out by the PEP-CBMS Network Coordinating Team of the Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies (AKI) of De La Salle University, Manila with financial support of the Government of Canada through the International Development Research Centre (IDRC) and the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA).

Outline of Presentation

CBMS: Background, Design and Key Features

Data Generated From CBMS

CBMS Core Indicators

CBMS Process

Current Uses and Applications of CBMS

Coverage and Status of CBMS implementation

Diaspora Philanthropy and CBMS

Sample outputs

Background: CBMS in the Philippines

CBMS was developed in the early 1990s to provide a good information base for policymakers and program implementers for monitoring the impacts of economic reforms or policy shocks to the vulnerable groups in the society

CBMS addresses the lack of the necessary disaggregated information for poverty analysis and design of appropriate interventions, for targeting of program beneficiaries, and for program-impact monitoring

It is envisioned to be a tool for improving local governance and accountability in managing resources while empowering communities to participate in the process

CBMS: Design

It is designed as an organized process of data collection, processing, validation, and integration of data in the local development processes

A tool intended for improved governance and greater transparency and accountability in resource allocation

CBMS generates a core set of indicators that are being measured to determine the welfare status of the population. These indicators capture the multidimensional aspects of poverty.

It uses freeware customized for CBMS-data encoding, processing and poverty mapping

Key Features of CBMS

Involves a census of all households in a community

LGU-based while promoting community participation

Taps existing LGU-personnel/community members as monitors

Has a core set of indicators but system is flexible enough to accommodate additional indicators

Establishes database at each geopolitical level

Data generated from CBMS

Core set of indicators which covers the multidimensional nature of poverty

Other LGU-specific indicators relating to: Disabilities, natural calamities, migration, waste management, access to programs, electoral participation, community organization

Data can be disaggregated across population sub-groups and geo-political levels (by barangay, municipality/city)

Survival

Security

Enabling

•Health•Food & Nutrition•H20 & Sanitation

•Shelter•Peace & Order

•Income•Employment•Education

1. Child deaths (0-5 yrs. old)2. Women deaths due to pregnancy -related causes 3. Malnourished children (0-5 yrs. old)4. HHs w/o access to safe water5. HHs w/o access sanitary toilet

6. HHs who are squatters7. HHs living in makeshift housing8. HHs victimized by crimes

9. HHs w/income below poverty threshold10. HHs w/income below food threshold11. HHs who experienced food shortage12. Unemployment13. Elementary school participation14. High school participation

CBMS Indicators Dimensions of Poverty Core Indicators

CBMS Core Indicators

Data that can be generated from CBMS

Areas VariablesDemography households in a purok, barangay, municipality/city and province

population by age, sex, religion and civil statusEducation school participation rate, type of school, highest educational attainment, literacyNutrition nutritional status of childrenEmployment employment and unemployment rates, job, occupation, type of business,

place of work, class of worker, nature of employment, job search method,reason for not looking for work, availability and willingness to work

Previous HH members sex, age, and cause of deathVictims of crime type of crime: murder, theft, abuse othersWater and sanitation source of water, distance of source of water, type of toilet facilityHousing tenure status, imputted rent, source of electricity, average electricity bill,

assets/appliances, materials used on walls and roofIncome type of entreprenuerial activities, income in cash and in kind, salary/wages,

other sources of incomeFood adequacy number of hh who have experienced hunger, number of days and months

hh experienced hunger

Data that can be generated from CBMS

Area s Va ria blesDemography indigenous people and tribeMigration length of s tay in barangay, plac e of res idenc e before trans ferring to brgyC ommunity organiz ation involvement in c om org; type of c om orgOF W c ountry where OF W is , job/oc c upation of OF WOther family members not in HH population by age, s ex , reas on for being away from the HHS ingle parent population by age, s ex , reas on for being s ingle parentDis ability type and c aus e of dis ability, kind of as s is tanc e rec eived and from whoS enior C itiz ens s enior c itiz en's id and where it is us edB oard/B ar pas s ers type of profes s ionHealth availment of treatment for any s ic knes s , type of medic al fac ility, number of

c ouples , family planning method us edA gric ulture F arming agri land tenure, volume and type of c rops harves ted, agric ultural equipments

us ed/owned, L ives toc k rais ing number and type of lives toc k rais ed, volume of produc tion F is hing loc ation of fis hing ac tivity, s iz e and number of fis hpond and fis hc ages , type

and volume of aquatic animals c atc hed, pos s es ion of motorboats , fis hingequipment us ed/owned

Was te management s ys tem of garbage dis pos al, who c ollec ts and frequenc y of garbage c ollec tionC alamities types of c alamitiesA c c es s to programs ac c es s to s everal programs s uc h as C A R P , P hilhealth for indigents , health

as s is tanc e, s c holars hips , s upplemental feeding, s kills and livelihood, hous ing,c redit and other programs , by implementing G O/NG Os /P os , effec t of program

CBMS Process

Step 1Advocacy /

Organization

Step 1Advocacy /

Organization

Step 2

Data Collection and

Field Editing(Training Module 1)

Step 2

Data Collection and

Field Editing(Training Module 1)

Step 4

Processing and Mapping

(Training Module 3)

Step 4

Processing and Mapping

(Training Module 3)

Step 5

Data validation and

Community Consultation

Step 5

Data validation and

Community Consultation

Step 7

Plan Formulation(Training Module 4)

Step 7

Plan Formulation(Training Module 4)

Step 8Dissemination/Implementation

andMonitoring

Step 8Dissemination/Implementation

andMonitoring

Step 3

Data Encoding and

Map Digitizing(Training Module 2)

Step 3

Data Encoding and

Map Digitizing(Training Module 2)

Step 6

Knowledge (Database)

Management

Step 6

Knowledge (Database)

Management

Current Uses and Applications of CBMS

Local development planning and budgeting

Monitoring the achievement of the millennium development goals (MDGs)

Poverty diagnosis, design and targeting of interventions

Program impact monitoring

Monitoring the impacts of shocks

Other Specific Uses of CBMS

Ten provinces have used CBMS data for the preparation of their provincial MDG reports which would serve as guide for its efforts towards achieving the MDGs by 2015.

CBMS has provided basis for evaluation of development grant proposals for poverty reduction projects at the local level funded by UNDP since 2006 to present.

CBMS has been used to monitor the impact of UNDP-development grant projects at the local level

Other Specific Uses of CBMS

CBMS has been used by local government units as basis for its project proposals to other development agencies (e.g. ADB and JICA) to fund development projects in their localities.

CBMS is currently being used in monitoring the impacts on poverty of the global financial crisis

CBMS Data Repositories

CBMS databases have been established at the national and local levels

At the national level, the CBMS database is installed at NAPC, DILG, LMP and the PEP-CBMS Network Office

Regular capacity building workshops on the use and updating of the said CBMS databases have been conducted by the PEP-CBMS Network

With Technical Assistance from:

DILG-BLGD and CBMS Team with support from WB-ASEM

DILG-BLGD and CBMS Team with support from UNFPA

DILG-BLGD, DILG Regional offices and CBMS Team

Eastern Visayas CBMS TWG and CBMS Team

Bicol CBMS TWG and CBMS Team

Bicol CBMS TWG and CBMS Team with support from Spanish Government

MIMAROPA CBMS TWG and CBMS Team

NAPC and CBMS Team with support from UNDP

Dawn Foundation and CBMS Team

Social Watch Philippines and CBMS Team

SRTC, SUCs and CBMS Team

Kagabay and CBMS Team

SRTC, NEDA IV-A and CBMS Team

CBMS Team

Coverage of CBMS implementation in the Philippines

18, 706 barangays in 710 municipalities and 46 cities

in 61 provinces (32 of which are provincewide)

CBMS and Diaspora Philanthropy

Diaspora Philanthropy and CBMS: Convergence

• Internationally, migration had been recognized as a significant contributor to development and poverty reduction

• There has been an increasing role of diaspora associations as development partners

• Diaspora philanthropy had been gradually shifting away from short-term projects to long-term and income generating activities

• Information from CBMS can be used as basis for priority projects that can be funded by diaspora organizations

• CBMS fosters community participation in identifying problems, devising solutions, and monitoring progress

• Robust link with local and national government translates to policy implications

Diaspora Philanthropy and CBMS: Convergence

Sample outputs for CBMS Core Indicators:

Brgy. Villa Angeles, Orion, Bataan, 2006

Location of Households with OFWsVilla Angeles, Orion, Bataan, 2006

88 OFW households out of a total of 284 households

Health and Nutrition

Proportion of children aged 0-4 years old w ho died

0.0

Proportion of w omen w ho died due to pregnancy related causes

0.0

Proportion of children aged 0-5 years old w ho are malnourished

1.7

Over-all, level of child and maternal health in the barangay is very good.

• No under-5 and maternal deaths reported.

• Only 2 out of 95 children aged 0-5 are malnourished.

Housing problems in the barangay

are not that significant.

• Only 4 households are living in makeshift housing.

• No informal settlers in the barangay.

Shelte r

Proportion of households living in makeshift housing

1.4

Proportion of households that are squatters

0.0

Access to safe water is still a concern for some households in the community.

• There are 17 households that do not have access to safe water.

• Almost all households have access to sanitary toilet facilities.

Water and Sanitation

Proportion of households w ithout access to safe w ater supply

6.0

Proportion of households w ithout access to sanitary toilet facilities

0.4

School participation is very high. Access to education poses no challenge.

• Only 7 children aged 6-16 are not attending school. 3 of these are 6 years old children who are not yet attending school. Ages of remaining 4 children are 11, 14, 15 and 16.

Education

Proportion of children aged 6-12 years old w ho are not attending elementary school

16.2

Proportion of children aged 13-16 years old w ho are not attending secondary school

14.1

Proportion of children aged 6-16 years old w ho are not attending school

3.0

Location of households with members 6-16 years old not in school, Villa Angeles, Orion,Bataan, 2006

The poverty situation is modest.

• Poverty incidence in the barangay is around 18.7%.

• Subsistence poverty is 9.5% of all households.

• No household experienced hunger.

Income

Proportion of households w ith income below the poverty threshold

18.7

Proportion of households w ith income below the food (subsistence) threshold

9.5

Proportion of households that experienced food shortage

0.0

Location of households who are income poor Villa Angeles, Orion,Bataan, 2006

Local unemployment is a major issue. Security is good.

• About 1/4 of the labor force is unemployed.

• There are only 10 reported cases of crime in the barangay.

Employment

Proportion of persons w ho are unemployed

24.3

Peace and Order

Proportion of persons w ho w ere victims of crimes

0.8

Households without OFW are more likely to be multi-dimensionally poor!Deprivation All HHs OFW HHs Non-OFW HHsNone 57.4% 62.5% 55.1%1 dimension 31.0% 33.0% 30.1%2 dimensions 10.9% 4.6% 13.8%3 dimensions 0.7% - 1.0%

Being income poor is more likely associated with having no jobForm of deprivation (%) All HHs OFW HHs Non-OFW HHsincome poor and employment poor 5.3 - 7.7income poor and water poor 2.8 2.3 3.1income poor and housing poor 0.7 - 1.0employment poor and crime poor 0.7 1.1 0.5employment poor and education poor 0.7 1.1 0.5employment poor and water poor 0.4 - 0.5education poor and water poor 0.4 - 0.5income poor, employment poor, and education poor 0.4 - 0.5income poor, employment poor, and nutrition poor 0.4 - 0.5

Qatar

4%

North Korea

4% Hong Kong

4%

Others

25%

China

4% Australia

4%

Saudi Arabia

5%UAE

8%

USA

33%

J apan

9%

CountryNo. of OFWs

USA 35

Japan 9

UAE 8

Saudi Arabia 5

Australia 4

China 4

Hong Kong 4

N. Korea 4

Qatar 4

Others* 26

TOTAL 103

• A large proportion of OFWs are working in the United States of America

Location of OFWs

•*Others consist of countries: Canada, Denmark, Singapore, Guam, Italy, United Kingdom, Bahamas, Brunei Darussalam, India, Israel, S. Korea, Mexico,. Oman, Nigeria, Norway, Sudan, Thailand

**there are 103 OFWs in 88 households.

•On the average, 58 percent of total income is derived from remittances

Source: CBMS Survey, 2006

Dependency on OFW Remittances

Remittances as % of income No. % 0 5 5.71-20 11 12.521-40 15 17.041-60 17 19.361-80 15 17.081-100 25 28.4Total 88** 100

Source: CBMS Survey, 2006

Most of the households with OFW belongs to the highest income quintile in the barangay

Income Quintile

No. of HHs

HHs with OFW

No. %

1 57 6 10.5

2 58 11 19.0

3 56 17 30.4

4 57 21 36.8

5 56 33 58.9

Total 284 88 31.0

Number of and percentage of households with OFWs by Income quintile

CBMS Core Indicators Magnitude Proportion

Water and Sanitation

Proportion of households without access to safe water supply 141 15.03

Proportion of households without access to sanitary toilet facilities

3 0.32

Education

Proportion of children aged 6-12 years old who are not attending elementary school

173 38.27

Proportion of children aged 13-16 years old who are not attending secondary school

114 42.70

Proportion of children aged 6-16 years old who are not attending school

197 27.40

Income

Proportion of households with income below the poverty threshold

252 26.87

Proportion of households with income below the food (subsistence) threshold

158 16.84

Employment

Proportion of persons who are unemployed 288 17.02

Barangay Maligaya, Mariveles, Bataan

Further inquiries about the PEP-CBMS Network may be forwarded

to:

PEP-CBMS Network Office (Asia)Angelo King Institute for Economic and Business Studies

10th Floor, Angelo King International Center, Estrada corner Arellano Streets, Malate, Manila

Telefax (632) 5262067/ 5238888 loc. 274

Email at: cbms@dls-csb.edu.ph;cbms.net@gmail.com

Website: www.pep-net.org