community organizing participatory action research
DESCRIPTION
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Community Organizing Participatory Action Research (COPAR) - is a continuous and a sustained process of:
Educating the people - to understand and develop their critical consiousness
Working with people - to work collectively and effectively on their immediate and long term problems
Mobilizing with people - develop their capability and readiness to respond, take action on their immediate needs towards solving the long term problems
The process and structure through which members of a community are/or become organized for participation in health care and community development activities
Process:
- the sequence of steps whereby members of a community come together to critically assess to evaluate community conditions and work together to improve those conditions.
Structure:
- refers to a particular group of community members that work together for a common health and health related goals.
Emphasis of COPAR:
Community working to solve its own problem
Direction is established internally and externally
Development and implementation of a specific project less important than the development of the capacity of the community to establish the project
Consciousness raising involves perceiving health and medical care within the total structure of society
Importance of COPAR:
COPAR maximizes community participation and involvement
COPAR could be an alternative in situations wherein health interventions in Public Health Care do not require direct involvement of modern medical practitioners
COPAR gets people actively involved in selection and support of community health workers
Through COPAR, community resources are mobilized for selected health services
COPAR improves both projects effectiveness during implementation
Phases of COPAR Process:
1. Pre-Entry Phase - is the intial phase of the organizing process where the community organizer looks for communities to serve and help. Acitivities include:
Preparation of the Institution
Train faculty and students in COPAR.
Formulate plans for institutionalizing COPAR.
Revise/enrich curriculum and immersion program.
Coordinate participants of other departments.
Site Selection
Initial networking with local government.
Conduct preliminary special investigation.
Make long/short list of potential communities.
Do ocular survey of listed communities.
Criteria for Initial Site Selection
Must have a population of 100-200 families.
Economically depressed.
No strong resistance from the community.
No serious peace and order problem.
No similar group or organization holding the same program.
Identifying Potential Municipalities
Make long/short list.
Identifying Potential Barangay
Do the same process as in selecting municipality.
Consult key informants and residents.
Coordinate with local government and NGOs for future activities.
Choosing Final Barangay
Conduct informal interviews with community residents and key informants.
Determine the need of the program in the community.
Take note of political development.
Develop community profiles for secondary data.
Develop survey tools.
Pay courtesy call to community leaders.
Choose foster families based on guidelines.
Identifying Host Family
House is strategically located in the community.
Should not belong to the rich segment.
Respected by both formal and informal leaders.
Neighbors are not hesitant to enter the house.
No member of the host family should be moving out in the community.
2. Entry Phase - sometimes called the social preparation phase. Is crucial in determining which strategies for organizing would suit the chosen community. Success of the activities depend on how much the community organizers has integrated with the commuity.
Guidelines for Entry
Recognize the role of local authorities by paying them visits to inform their presence and activities.
Her appearance, speech, behavior and lifestyle should be in keeping with those of the community residents without disregard of their being role model.
Avoid raising the consciousness of the community residents; adopt a low-key profile.
Activities in the Entry Phase
Integration - establishing rapport with the people in continuing effort to imbibe community life.
living with the community
seek out to converse with people where they usually congregate
lend a hand in household chores
avoid gambling and drinking
Deepening social investigation/community study
verification and enrichment of data collected from initial survey
conduct baseline survey by students, results relayed through community assembly
Core Group Formation
Leader spotting through sociogram.
Key persons - approached by most people
Opinion leader - approach by key persons
Isolates - never or hardly consulted
3. Organization-building Phase
Entails the formation of more formal structure and the inclusion of more formal procedure of planning, implementing, and evaluating community-wise activities. It is at this phase where the organized leaders or groups are being given training (formal, informal, OJT) to develop their style in managing their own concerns/programs.
Key Activities
Community Health Organization (CHO)
preparation of legal requirements
guidelines in the organization of the CHO by the core group
election of officers
Research Team Committee
Planning Committee
Health Committee Organization
Others
Formation of by-laws by the CHO
4. Sustenance and Strengthening Phase
Occurs when the community organization has already been established and the community members are already actively participating in community-wide undertakings. At this point, the different committees setup in the organization-building phase are already expected to be functioning by way of planning, implementing and evaluating their own programs, with the overall guidance from the community-wide organization.
Key Activities
Training of CHO for monitoring and implementing of community health program.
Identification of secondary leaders.
Linkaging and networking.
Conduct of mobilization on health and development concerns.
Implementation of livelihood projects.