community shared renewables for china

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Community Shared Renewables for China

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Joy Hughes, Solar Gardens Institute [email protected]

Joy Hughes - Community Shared Renewables For China - Beijing Energy Network 2016

mailto:[email protected]

Solar for All?Almost everyone wants to own solar, but …

Shaded Roofs Apartments

Affordability Grid Congestion


Credit: Larry Moore CEphoto, Uwe Aranas

via Wikipedia

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Cccefalon

Terminology

Shared Solar -or- Solar GardenA single solar array with power credited to multiple subscribers.

Virtual Net MeteringElectricity credited directly to a utility customer’s bill.

Community SolarA broader term, including shared solar, crowdfunded solar, and rooftop bulk purchase.

Ellensburg Solar Community, Washington

Arizona Community Solar Plant


Shared Solar Cash and Energy Flow


New York City Solar Empowerment Zones

AdvantagesEconomy of ScaleLower cost per watt than rooftop solar

Portability and TransferabilityCustomers may move and use the same subscription. Subscription may be sold, donated, or inherited.

Grid SupportArrays may be located to best relieve grid congestion, e.g. near substations. Example: New York City solar empowerment zones


OwnershipUtility OwnedUtility owns and manages shared solar array. Example: Sacramento Municipal, California

Third PartyUtility contracts with a private company to own and manage the array. Example: SunShare, Colorado Springs

CooperativeArray owned directly by community members. Example: Westmill co-op, UK

SMUD Solar Shares, California

Westmill Cooperative Solar Farm, UK


Business ModelsDirect OwnershipSubsribers own their solar panels by simple purchase or secured loan

LeaseSubscribers lease the panels for a specified period of time

Power Purchase Agreement (PPA)

Subscribers purchase blocks of power at a specified rate


Farming the Sun Community Solar

TREC Energy Cooperative, Ontario

United States

Over 50 MegawattsCommunity and shared solar in these 10 states, and many municipal and rural utilities.

Solar Gardens LawsNow effective in 10 U.S. States. Requires investor-owned utilities to implement shared solar.


Other Countries

Developing WorldBangladesh, India, Myanmar, Haiti - use shared ownership models for rural electrification

Developed CountriesCanada, UK, Australia, Germany - use cooperative models in concert with feed-in tariff


Sangar Island, India

Opportunities for ChinaWorld Leader in PV Installation

Growing Urban PopulationSignificant fraction of people in apartment blocks

Strong manufacturing base, potential for rapid implementation

High Savings RateInterest in secure and productive investments, protection from stock market volatility

China PV - Wikipedia


China - PolicyIncentivesFeed in tariff and virtual net metering Assure residential customers are adequately incentivized

Securities LawProfit from shared ownership constitutes a security - how can shared solar be implemented under Chinese law?

Long-Term ManagementSolar Garden O&M contracts 20-50 years. Production guarantees, enforceable recourse.


Working with Utilities in China

2 Utilities in China,1000+ in USA

On-Bill Production CreditVirtual net metering requires new software

Potential for rapid implementation - or nothing

Interconnection PolicyStreamline the process of connecting distributed solar arrays


Solar Gardens Institute


PolicyWork with government and utilities to create fertile soil for solar gardens’ growth

PeopleTrain “solar gardeners” - local champions Put together local and regional working groups

ProjectsDevelop pilot projects for proof of concept. In China, Beijing, Shanghai, Guangdong

Thank You! 谢谢


Contact

solargardens.org (blog, email list, training)

Joy Hughes [email protected]


community shared renewables for china

Environment