History of Health Information Technology in the U.S.

Evolution of Health IT: The Early Years

Lecture a – Introduction and Pre-1970

This material Comp5_Unit1 was developed by The University of Alabama Birmingham, funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Office of the National Coordinator for Health Information Technology under Award Number

1U24OC000023

Evolution of Health IT: The Early Years

Learning Objectives

2

• Discuss the enduring values that have been foci for HIT stakeholders from the perspectives of healthcare organizations, community and practicing physicians, and academic physicians, information systems personnel, and medical informaticians

• Discuss how the social, educational, and professional environments in healthcare influence these values

• Discuss the impact of key developments in the 1950s and 1960s including Sputnik, Medicare/Medicaid legislation, medical research, and the Civil Rights legislation on healthcare

• Describe the characteristics of the healthcare environment and the use of computers in healthcare in the 50s and 60s

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

The Integration of Informatics into Healthcare Delivery – Why Now?

• Views of informatics and information systems

• Why has it taken so long to integrate IT into healthcare?

3Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

The Integration of Informatics into Healthcare Delivery – Why Now?

• Views of informatics and information systems

• Why has it taken so long to integrate IT into healthcare?

• Factors leading to the integration• Future projections

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Evolution from 1950s – Present

• General Environment• Healthcare Environment

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Evolution from 1950s – Present

• General environment• Healthcare environment• Healthcare organizations• Physicians• Medical school faculty

6Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Evolution from 1950s – Present

• General environment• Healthcare environment• Healthcare organizations• Physicians• Medical school faculty • Informatics specialists

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Approach

• Influences on each group• Enduring goals, interests, concerns• Predict future changes

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Influence Patterns

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Influence Patterns

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Influence Patterns

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Influence Patterns

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Influence Patterns

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Influence Patterns

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Influence Patterns

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Influence Patterns

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Enduring Goals, Interests, Concerns

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Healthcare Organizations

• Fiscal viability

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Healthcare Organizations

• Fiscal viability • Growth

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Practicing Physicians

• Patient care

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Practicing Physicians

• Patient care• Professional freedom

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Academic Physicians

• Patient care• Research• Teaching

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Medical Informaticians

• Computer applications to improve patient care

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Medical Informaticians

• Computer applications to improve patient care

• Computer and information science

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

General Environment – Pre-1970

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

General Environment – Pre-1970

• Importance of science

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

General Environment – Pre-1970

• Importance of science– Space exploration

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

(Courtesy NSSDC)

General Environment – Pre-1970

• Importance of science– Space exploration– Technology development

28Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

General Environment – Pre-1970

• Importance of science– Space exploration– Technology development– Science education

29Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

General Environment – Pre-1970

• Importance of science– Space exploration– Technology

development– Science education

• “Great Society”

30Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

General Environment – Pre-1970

• Importance of science– Space exploration– Technology

development– Science education

• “Great Society”– War on Poverty

31Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

General Environment – Pre-1970

• Importance of science– Space exploration– Technology

development– Science education

• “Great Society”– War on Poverty– Civil Rights

Legislation

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Source:LBJ Library, University of Texas

General Environment – Pre-1970

• Importance of science– Space exploration– Technology

development– Science education

• “Great Society”– War on Poverty– Civil Rights Legislation– Access to jobs, education, healthcare

33Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Source:LBJ Library, University of Texas

Pre-1970 Healthcare Environment

• Scientific breakthroughs– Cures for infectious diseases– Wonder drugs– New medical technology

34Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Pre-1970 Healthcare Environment

• Scientific breakthroughs– Cures for infectious diseases– Wonder drugs– New medical technology– Computers

35Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

(NASA/courtesy of nasaimages.org)

Pre-1970 Healthcare Environment

• Scientific breakthroughs– Cures for infectious diseases– Wonder drugs– New medical technology– Computers

• Broader health insurance coverage – Medicare/Medicaid legislation

36Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Pre-1970 Healthcare Environment

• Scientific breakthroughs– Cures for infectious diseases– Wonder drugs– New medical technology– Computers

• Broader health insurance coverage – Medicare/Medicaid legislation – Charge reimbursement

37Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Pre-1970 Healthcare Environment

• Scientific breakthroughs– Cures for infectious diseases– Wonder drugs– New medical technology– Computers

• Broader health insurance coverage – Medicare/Medicaid legislation – Charge reimbursement– Increased access

38Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Pre-1970 Healthcare Environment• Scientific breakthroughs

– Cures for infectious diseases– Wonder drugs– New medical technology– Computers

• Broader health insurance coverage – Medicare/Medicaid legislation – Charge reimbursement– Increased access– More chronic conditions

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

39History of Health Information Technology in the U.S.

Evolution of Health IT: The Early Years

Lecture a

Pre-1970 Healthcare Environment

• Scientific breakthroughs– Cures for infectious diseases– Wonder drugs– New medical technology– Computers

• Broader health insurance coverage – Medicare/Medicaid legislation – Charge reimbursement– Increased access– More chronic conditions

• Fear of physician shortage Source: (Weiner, 2002)

40Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Evolution of Health IT: The Early Years

Summary – Lecture a

41

• More interest in science education• Legislation that led to more individuals having

access to education and healthcare• Reimbursement to physicians for usual and

customary care• Worries about a possible physician shortage• Beginning development of clinical computing

applications

Health IT Workforce Curriculum Version 3.0/Spring 2012

History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

Evolution of Health IT: The Early YearsReferences – Lecture a

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History of Health Information Technology in the U.S. Evolution of Health IT: The

Early Years Lecture a

References • Weiner JP. A shortage of physicians or a surplus of assumptions? Health Aff (Millwood). 2002;21(1):160-2.

Images Slide 27:  Picture of Sputnik Satellite, NASA Picture of the Day Collection,  Available from: ttp://www.nasaimages.orgSlide 32 -33:  Johnson signing Civil Rights Act,  Available from:

http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lyndon_Johnson_signing_Civil_Rights_Act,_2_July,_1964.jpg Source:LBJ Library, University of Texas

Slide 35:  NASA Great Images in Nasa Collection, IBM Electronic Data Processing Machine Available from: http://www.nasaimages.org/l