companion powerpoint slide set obesity-associated breast cancer risk: a role for epigenetics?
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Companion PowerPoint slide set Obesity-associated breast cancer risk: a role for epigenetics?
This teacher slide set was created by Dana Haine, MS, of the UNC Center for Environmental Health
and Susceptibility, which is funded by the National Institute of Environmental Health
Sciences (P30-ES010126).
Dr. Liza Makowski
Studies Basal-like Breast Cancer (BBC)• Aggressive cancer • No specific drug therapies• Short survival time if it spreads
beyond breast tissue (metastasis)• More prevalent in young
pre-menopausal women• More prevalent in African Americans• Obesity is a risk factor for all breast
cancers
Obesity causes BBC tumors to form at a faster rate compared to lean mice
Num
ber o
f wee
ks
until
tum
or fo
rmati
on
Fat-fed (Lean)
Fat-fed (obese)
Cross-section of mammary (milk) duct
http://www.womenshealth.gov/breast-cancer/what-is-breast-cancer/
Inside (lumen) of milk duct
Label epithelial cells, fat cells and fibroblasts on the diagram below:
Epithelial Cells of Milk Duct
Inside (lumen) of milk duct
Fibroblasts
Adipocytes (Fat cells)
Immune cells are also present but are not shown in order to simplify schematic of the stroma.
Stroma of mammary tissue
microenvironment
Cancer & the microenvironment
The microenvironment (“soil”) surrounding a cell (“seed”)
plays a role in tumor formation.
HEALTHY CELL CANCER CELL
“How does obesity alter the microenvironment in breast cancer?”
Liza Makowski:
Cell to cell communication HGF-cMET paracrine signaling
HGF
C-met receptor
Adapted from Melissa Troester/Patricia Casbas-Hernandez @ UNC
Cell to cell communication HGF-cMET paracrine signaling
HGF
cMET receptor
Promotes Cell
Division
Promotes motility
(leads to Metastasis)
Promotes growth of
blood vessels to supply
tumor
Prevents cell death
Melissa Troester/Patricia Casbas-Hernandez @ UNC
PHGF
C-met
Sundaram, S., Makowski, L., et. al. Cancer Prevention Research (Under Review, 2012)
Obesity increases levels of HGF mRNA and protein in normal mammary tissue
10% 45% 60%0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
Diets
OD
x %
HG
F+ s
tain
ing
in N
orm
al M
amm
ary
*
Lean Mice
Obese Mice
Normal
Cancer-associated
Isolate Fibroblasts
CultureFibroblasts
HGF Secretion
HGF Secretion
HGF Secretion
HGF Secretion
Measure
Ex vivo cell culture model
Cell Division
HGF secretion in cultured cells
Lean Mice
Obese Mice
Normal
Cancer-associated
Isolate Fibroblasts
CultureFibroblasts
HGF Secretion
Analysis of c-Met protein levels in BBC tumor cell line
C.
c-Met
Control
Phospho-c-MetBB
C Tu
mor
cel
l lin
e
BBC
Tum
or c
ell l
ine
+ CM
BBC
Tum
or c
ell l
ine
+
mHG
F
Fat cell Fibroblast
HGFSecretion
c-Met activation
Cancer formation
“How does obesity alter the microenvironment in breast cancer?”
Microenvironment
Signal
Epithelial cell
Conclusion: growth factor signaling pathway (HGF/cMet) was upregulated with obesity.