comparing evolutionary trends in invertebrates and vertebrates
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Comparing Evolutionary Trends in Invertebrates and Vertebrates. (Chapters 29 + 33). Body Symmetry. Radial symmetry: extends from the center outwards Ex: Bilateral symmetry : sides are like mirror images (left and right) Ex: . Nervous System (Response). - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Comparing Evolutionary
Trends in Invertebrates and
Vertebrates(Chapters 29 + 33)
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Body Symmetry Radial symmetry: extends from the
center outwards Ex:
Bilateral symmetry: sides are like mirror images (left and right) Ex:
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Nervous System (Response)
Cephalization: concentration of sense organs and nerve cells in front (top) of the body
Evolution from ganglia (simple) to brain (complex)
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Body Cavity coelom: area of body cavity between the
body wall and the digestive cavity Acoelomate: animal that lacks a body
cavity Ex: flatworm (planaria)
Pseudocoelomate: animal that has a partial body cavity Ex: roundworm (earthworm)
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Embryo Development Depends on what the blastopore develops
into first… Protostome: mouth develops first
Ex: invertebrates Deuterostome: anus develops first
Ex: humans
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Feeding and Digestion
Intracellular digestion: digestion occurs inside the cells Ex: sponges
Extracellular digestion: digestion occurs outside the cells in the digestive tract Ex: arthropods
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Respiration (“Breathing”)
Gills: feathery structures that take in O2 from the water- usually close to the body surface Ex: fish
Alveoli: tiny air sacs at the end of the bronchiole that increase surface area and act in gas exchange Ex: humans
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Vertebrate Introduction
Notochord: long supporting rod that runs below the nerve cord
Chordate: organism that has a dorsal nerve cord
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Circulatory System Open system: blood is not always in
vessels Ex: insects, clams
Closed system: blood always in vessels Ex: humans
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Excretion Roles:
control the output of waste products Involved in water balance
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Movement and Support
Hydrostatic skeleton: move with water-filled cavity and accessory muscles Ex: jellyfish
Exoskeleton: external skeleton on outside of body Ex: insects
Endoskeleton: internal skeleton on inside of body Ex: kangaroo
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Reproduction External fertilization: eggs fertilized outside
the body (ex: coral) Internal fertilization: eggs fertilized inside
the body (ex: humans) Oviparous: eggs develop outside the mother
(ex: snake) Ovoviparous: embryo gets nutrients from the
yolk of egg (ex: seahorses) Viviparous: embryo gets nutrients from mom
(ex: humans)
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Regulating Body Temp.
Ectotherm: body temp determined by environment- organism must Ex: lizards
Endotherm: body temp controlled internally Ex: dogs
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Reproductive Strategies
K selection: having only a few offspring but investing a lot of parental care into them Ex: humans, gorillas Occurs in crowded, competitive populations
r selection: having many offspring but investing very little parental care Ex: carp fish Occurs in populations that grow and
change rapidly