competency-based, performance- based, direct-assessment: what’s in a name? beth castiglia, ph. d....
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Competency-based, Performance-based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name?
Beth Castiglia, Ph. D.Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College
![Page 2: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Conceptual FrameworkInnovation
Drivers
◦ Disruptive innovation
◦ Mass customization
◦ Consumer mentality
![Page 3: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Implications of “breaking the credit hour”
◦Workload◦Units of learning
◦Resource allocation
◦Salary structures
◦Financial aid◦Transfer policies
◦Degree definitions
![Page 4: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
How we got here
Cost of higher education
◦Increase of 429% over past two decades
◦Cost disease◦Competitive arms race◦Inability to leverage technology
![Page 5: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Changing student population
Nontraditional is the new traditional
1 in 5 people in the US have some college credit but no degree
80% of US institutions are nonselective
![Page 6: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Slow pace of changeHow much difference is a
classroom today from one 70 years ago?
◦Single faculty member dispensing “knowledge”
◦Learning measured by completing a course
◦Students expect to spend approximately 4 years earning degrees
![Page 7: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Higher Education in the PressGovernment regulators demand
accountability
2013 Obama’s domestic policy plan:
“…Consider value, affordability, and student outcomes in making determinations about which colleges and universities receive access to federal student aid…”
![Page 8: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Change is coming.
But how will we get there?
![Page 9: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Unbundling of InstructionWhat do colleges do?
◦Provide content knowledge
◦Help students develop skills
◦Provide socialization
◦Provide degrees from accredited institutions
![Page 10: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Content knowledge Reformation similarities
Internet
Colleges and Universities do not have a monopoly on dispensing knowledge
![Page 11: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Skills developmentTechnological enhancements
Scaffolding
Adaptive learning
Self-paced learning
![Page 12: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Socialization--
![Page 13: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Accreditation
Determines value of degree
Determines Title IV eligibility
Competency-based education became popularized when the Department of Education first allowed such programs to be accredited in Spring 2013.
![Page 14: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Some distinctions
Competency-based
Performance-based
Direct assessment
![Page 15: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Competency-based
Still “map” assessments to course equivalencies
Instead of measuring progress based on time, award credit based on demonstration of skills learned.
![Page 16: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
ExamplesWestern Governor’s University
University of Wisconsin Flexible Option
Northern Arizona University’s Personalized Learning
![Page 17: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Performance-based
K-12 model initiated in the 1980s
Developed in response to early calls for accountability
![Page 18: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Direct assessment
Federal definition: … “an instructional program that, in lieu of credit hours or clock hours as a measure of student learning, utilizes direct assessment of student learning, or recognizes the direct assessment of student learning by others.”
![Page 19: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Examples
Southern New Hampshire University’s College for America
Capella University’s FlexPath program
![Page 20: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Direct assessment programs feature:
No traditional coursesNo teaching professorsNo gradesNo deadlinesNo credit hour requirements
![Page 21: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Landmarks in Direct Assessment
2005: Higher Education Reconciliation Act (HERA) opened the door for college’s to participate in federal financial aid programs by directly assessing student outcomes without consideration of time spent in a classroom
![Page 22: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Landmarks in Direct Assessment
2006: Regulations published defining direct assessment and outlining the procedures and requirements for an institution that offers such programs to use Title IV funds
![Page 23: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Landmarks in Direct Assessment
July 31, 2014: DOE publishes Federal Register notice inviting institutions to apply to participate in one or more of four experiments under the Department’s “Experimental Sites Initiative”
![Page 24: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Landmarks in Direct AssessmentDecember 19, 2014: DOE
publishes a follow up letter:
◦Subject: Competency Based Education Programs – Questions and Answers
◦ “We have received numerous questions regarding the requirements of providing Title IV, HEA student assistance to students enrolled in competency based educational programs”
![Page 25: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Questions addressed
What makes a CBE program different from traditional academic programs?
Are there differences between credit hour CBE and direct assessment programs?
![Page 26: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
An example: College for America(Southern New Hampshire University)
No courses120 competencies defined by rubricsMastery demonstrated by completion
of tasks that are assessed by faculty reviewers
Students begin a competency at any level
$2,500/yearAccredited by NEASC
![Page 27: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
What all CBE programs have in common:
They provide the student with the opportunity to demonstrate knowledge.
![Page 28: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Where we are
Lumina Foundation- Competency-Based Education Network (C-BEN)
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
![Page 29: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Accreditation Issues
Accreditors faced with assessing learning in increasingly disaggregated and highly complex educational institutions.
Accreditors need to think about their relationship with innovation.
![Page 30: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Further questionsShould there be multiple levels of
accreditation for institutions, programs, courses, competencies…?
Might there ultimately be two paths to accreditation: the traditional institutional one and the CBE one?
![Page 31: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
ConclusionCompetency-based education
tied to credit hours is (relatively) easy to understand by both insiders and the public.
Direct assessment is much more difficult (albeit “purer”) to sell on campus – and to the DOE and accreditors.
![Page 32: Competency-based, Performance- based, Direct-assessment: What’s in a Name? Beth Castiglia, Ph. D. Dean, Larry L. Luing School of Business, Berkeley College](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062716/56649dba5503460f94aabae8/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Questions?