‘competition generally raises quality.’ ‘i plead guilty to believing in choice and...

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Page 1: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 2: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

‘Competitiongenerally raises quality.’

Page 3: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Page 4: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 5: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

2004: £3000

Pre-1999: no fees

1999: £1000£1,000

£3,000

£2,000

£4,000

£0,000

Page 6: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

2004: £3000

Pre-1999: no fees

1999: £1000£1,000

£3,000

£2,000

£4,000

£5,000

£6,000

£7,000

£8,000

£0,000

£9,000

2012: £8354

2011: £6000

Page 7: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

The Sunday Times Festival of Education

‘The future of British universities is basically America. We’re moving much more to the free market system of America and it’s hugely to be applauded.’ Terence Kealey, June 2011

Page 8: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 9: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 10: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 11: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 12: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Distribution of foreign students in tertiary education,by country of destination in 2001 (OECD 2003)

Page 13: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Distribution of foreign students in tertiary education,by country of destination in 2011 (OECD 2013)

Page 14: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 15: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

International student enrolment as a percentage of total tertiary enrolment in 2011 (OECD, 2013)

Page 16: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Population that has attained tertiary education (2011)Percentage, by age group (OECD 2013)

Page 17: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 18: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 19: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

THE World University Rankings 2011-12: US (dark) vs UK (light) universities

raw data

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 351-400

TH

E W

UR

top-

400

univ

ersi

ties

Page 20: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

THE World University Rankings 2011-12: US (dark) vs UK (light) universities

corrected for population

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 351-400

uni

vers

ities

pe

r 6

2.2

mill

ion

po

pula

tion

Page 21: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

THE World University Rankings 2011-12: US (dark) vs UK (light) universities

corrected for GDP

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 351-400

univ

ersi

ties

per

$2.2

8 tr

illio

n G

DP

Page 22: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

THE World University Rankings 2011-12: US (dark) vs UK (light) universities

corrected for HE spending

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

0-50 51-100 101-150 151-200 201-250 251-300 301-350 351-400

uni

vers

ities

pe

r $

2.73

bill

ion

HE

spe

ndi

ng

Page 23: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 24: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Aggregate score THE WUR 2011-12, top 200

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

5000

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Un

ited

Kin

gd

om

Ne

the

rlan

ds

Ge

rma

ny

Ca

na

da

Sw

itze

rlan

d

Au

stra

lia

Jap

an

Sw

ed

en

Fra

nce

So

uth

Ko

rea

Be

lgiu

m

De

nm

ark

Ire

lan

d

Isra

el

No

rwa

y

Fin

lan

d

Sp

ain

Au

stria

Ne

w Z

ea

lan

d

Bra

zil

ag

gre

ga

te s

core

of

top

-20

0 u

niv

ers

itie

s

0

20

40

60

80

100

nu

mb

er

of

top

-20

0 u

niv

ers

itie

s

score

universities

Page 25: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Aggregate score / population THE WUR 2011-12, top 200

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Sw

itze

rlan

d

Ne

the

rlan

ds

Sw

ed

en

Un

ited

Kin

gd

om

De

nm

ark

Ire

lan

d

Au

stra

lia

No

rwa

y

Ca

na

da

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Be

lgiu

m

Isra

el

Ne

w Z

ea

lan

d

Fin

lan

d

Ge

rma

ny

Au

stria

Fra

nce

So

uth

Ko

rea

Jap

an

Sp

ain

Bra

zil

ag

gre

ga

te s

core

/ p

op

ula

tion

0

0.25

0.5

0.75

1

1.25

1.5

no

. to

p-2

00

un

ive

rsiti

es

/ p

op

ula

tion

scores

universities

Page 26: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Aggregate score / GDP (PPP) THE WUR 2011-12, top 200

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Sw

itze

rlan

d

Ne

the

rlan

ds

Un

ited

Kin

gd

om

Sw

ed

en

De

nm

ark

Ire

lan

d

Au

stra

lia

Isra

el

No

rwa

y

Ca

na

da

Be

lgiu

m

Ne

w Z

ea

lan

d

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Fin

lan

d

Ge

rma

ny

Au

stria

So

uth

Ko

rea

Fra

nce

Jap

an

Sp

ain

Bra

zil

ag

gre

ga

te s

core

s /

GD

P

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

no

. to

p-2

00

un

ive

rsiti

es

/ G

DP

scores

universities

Page 27: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Aggregate score / HE spending (PPP)THE WUR 2011-12, top 200

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Sw

itze

rlan

d

Un

ited

Kin

gd

om

Ne

the

rlan

ds

Sw

ed

en

De

nm

ark

Ire

lan

d

Au

stra

lia

Be

lgiu

m

Isra

el

No

rwa

y

Ne

w Z

ea

lan

d

Ge

rma

ny

Ca

na

da

Fin

lan

d

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Au

stria

Fra

nce

So

uth

Ko

rea

Jap

an

Sp

ain

Bra

zil

ag

gre

ga

tes

sco

re /

HE

sp

en

din

g

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

no

. to

p-2

00

un

ive

rsiti

es

/ H

E s

pe

nd

ing

scores

universities

Page 28: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Aggregate score / HE spending (PPP)adjusted for % of 25-34 year-old graduates

THE WUR 2011-12, top 200

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

110

Sw

itze

rlan

d

Un

ited

Kin

gd

om

Ne

the

rlan

ds

Sw

ed

en

De

nm

ark

Ire

lan

d

Au

stra

lia

Be

lgiu

m

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el

No

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y

Ne

w Z

ea

lan

d

Ca

na

da

Fin

lan

d

Un

ited

Sta

tes

Ge

rma

ny

Fra

nce

So

uth

Ko

rea

Jap

an

Au

stria

Sp

ain

Bra

zil

ag

gre

ga

te s

core

s /

HE

sp

en

din

g c

orr

ect

ed

fo

r co

ho

rt s

ize

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

no

. to

p-2

00

un

ive

rsiti

es

/ H

E s

pe

nd

ing

scores

univrsities

Page 29: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Expenditure per student, top 30 universitiesTimes Higher Education World University Rankings, 2012

0

50,000

100,000

150,000

200,000

250,000

300,000

Cal

tech

1

Har

vard

2

Sta

nfor

d 2

Oxf

ord

4

Prin

ceto

n 5

Cam

brid

ge 6

MIT

7

Impe

rial 8

Chi

cago

9

UC

Ber

kele

y 10

Yal

e 11

Col

umbi

a 12

UC

LA 1

3

John

Hop

kins

14

ET

H Z

uric

h 15

Pen

nsyl

vani

a 16

UC

L 17

Mic

higa

n-A

nn A

rbor

18

Tor

onto

19

Cor

nell

20

Car

negi

e M

ello

n 21

Brit

ish

Col

umbi

a 22

Duk

e 22

Geo

rgia

Inst

Tec

h 23

Was

hing

ton-

Sea

ttle

24

Nor

thw

este

rn 2

5

Wis

cons

in-M

adis

on 2

6

McG

ill 2

7

Tex

as-A

ustin

28

Tok

yo 2

9

$US

(P

PP

)

Page 30: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Driving down costs?

Page 31: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 32: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 33: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

70

75

80

85

90

9519

97

1998

1999

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

grad

uate

em

ploy

men

t rat

e (%

)

Switzerland

UnitedKingdom

OECDaverage

UnitedStates

Japan

South Korea

Page 34: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Endowments of 120 richest US colleges and universities, 2011 (NCES)

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

1 6 11 16 21 26 31 36 41 46 51 56 61 66 71 76 81 86 91 96 101 106 111 116

Institutions (ranked by endowment)

US

dol

lars

(th

ous

and

s)

Page 35: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Endowments of colleges and universities in the US, 2011 (NCES)

0

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,0001

20

1

40

1

60

1

80

1

10

01

12

01

14

01

16

01

18

01

20

01

22

01

24

01

26

01

28

01

30

01

32

01

34

01

36

01

38

01

Institutions (ranked by endowment)

US

dol

lars

(th

ous

and

s)

Page 36: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Net worth per head of US population, 2010

next 5% of population

(14%)

bottom 90% of

population (23%)

next 4% of population

(28%)

top 1% of population

(35%)

Endowment per FTE student in US colleges and universities, 2010

bottom 90% of student

body (22%)

next 4 % of student

body (26%)

next 5% of student

body (12%)

top 1% of student

body (40%)

4

Page 37: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 38: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Admissions reading list

Page 39: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’
Page 40: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

The Sunday Times Festival of Education

‘The future of British universities is basically America. We’re moving much more to the free market system of America and it’s hugely to be applauded.’ Terence Kealey, June 2011

Page 41: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

Endowment per FTE student in US colleges and universities, 2010

bottom 90% of student

body (22%)

next 4 % of student

body (26%)

next 5% of student

body (12%)

top 1% of student

body (40%)

4

Page 42: ‘Competition generally raises quality.’ ‘I plead guilty to believing in choice and competition’

In this present crisis, marketisation is not the solution to our problem.

Marketisation IS the problem.