compiled case digest advanced legal writing updated still some missing digests

8/18/2019 Compiled Case Digest Advanced Legal Writing Updated Still Some Missing Digests

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Cruz v. Centron 442SCRA 53 (2004) – Carl Au

Facts:1. Atty. Centron assisted a certain loria !o"dat and Conc#ita de la Cruz in consu$$atin" t#e saleo% a &arcel o% land covered 'y ri"inal Certi%icate o% itle (C) *o. 21+,- in t#e na$e o% one oa/uinaa'at.2. Suc# assistance consisted in &re&arin" and notarizin" t#e docu$ents o% sale. #e said sale isille"al 'ecause t#e &ro&erty covered 'y t#e sale is still t#e su'ect o% reconstitution and traudicialSettle$ent a$on" t#e #eirs. As a result o% t#e ille"al sale- !o"dat and de la Cruz are c#ar"ed it# esta%at#rou"# %alsi%ication o% &u'lic docu$ents. Atty. Centron too advanta"e o% #er 'ein" a layer to solicit t#etrust and con%idence o% t#e 'uyers o% t#e su'ect &arcel o% land.3. Atty. Centron is involved in t#e disa&&earance o% C *o. 21+,- and s#e re%uses to surrender t#etitle #ic# is in t#e &ossession o% one o% #er relatives. 6ence t#is case o% dis'ar$ent as %iled 'y !o"datand 7e la Cruz a"ainst Atty. Centron4. Atty. Centron t#rou"# #er Co$$ent denied any involve$ent in t#e &re&aration o% t#e docu$entsand in t#e consu$$ation o% t#e sale o% t#e &arcel o% land covered 'y C *o. 21+,. S#e clai$s t#at #er only &artici&ation in t#e said sale is t#at s#e as t#e one #o notarized t#e deed o% sale on account t#ats#e as re/uested 'y t#e &arties to notarize t#e sa$e 'ecause t#ey cannot a%%ord t#e notarial %ee 'ein"c#ar"ed 'y t#e notary &u'lic t#ey earlier a&&roac#ed.5. #e CA #eld t#at Atty. Centron violated t#e &rovisions o% Section 242 o% t#e Revised

Ad$inistrative Code as ell as Section - C#a&ter 8999 o% t#e anual %or Clers o% Court #en s#enotarized a deed o% conveyance- a docu$ent #ic# is not connected it# t#e eercise o% #er o%%icial%unctions and duties as %%icio *otary ;u'lic. Accordin"ly- s#e 'e %ined in t#e a$ount o% ;2-000.00and sternly arned.

Issue:


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02 TIGNO VS SPS AQUINO7i"est 'y: ic#elle A. 8ale Cruz

QUICKIE SUMMARY: ustria sold a land to S&s A/uino it# a ri"#t to re&urc#ase t#e sa$e a%ter t#ela&se o% ? years. ustria died and as su'stituted 'y #is dau"#ter- i"no. i"no tendered &ay$ent %or t#ere&urc#ase o% t#e &ro&erty 'ut as re%used 'y A/uino s&ouses. A/uino clai$s t#at ustria already sold#is ri"#t to re&urc#ase t#e &ro&erty to t#e$ in a deed o% sale. #e deed o% sale as o%%ered in evidence. 9tas %ound out 'y t#e court t#at 1) t#e deed o% sale as certi%ied only 'y ay o% urat and notacnoled"$ent and 2) it as C ud"e Carino #o notarized t#e sa$e. *ote t#at C ud"es areonly alloed to notarize docu$ents connected in t#e eercise o% #is o%%icial %unction. As a result- t#edocu$ent did not ac/uire t#e status o% a &u'lic docu$ent and could only 'e considered as a &rivatedocu$ent. ein" a &rivate docu$ent- its aut#enticity #as to 'e &roven. 6oever- t#e aut#enticity asne"ated 'y certain %acts suc# as 1) inconsistencies o% t#e testi$onies o% t#e itnessesB 2) no recei&t asever &resented 'y S&ouses A/uinoB and 3) discre&ancies in t#e si"natures o% ustria. SC ruled in %avor o% i"no.

ACS:1. S&ouses A/uino %iled a co$&laint a"ainst 9sidro ustria #ic# sou"#t to en%orce an alle"ed sale

'y ustria to t#e A/uinos o% a 120-000 s/uare $eter %is#&ond located in 7asci- ;an"asinan. #econveyance as covered 'y a 7eed o% Sale dated 2 Se&te$'er 1D?+.

2. A co$&ro$ise a"ree$ent as entered into 'eteen t#e$ #ere'y ustria a"reed to reco"nizet#e validity o% t#e sale- and t#e A/uinos a"reed to "rant ustria t#e ri"#t to re&urc#ase t#e sa$e&ro&erty a%ter t#e la&se o% seven ? years.

3. ustria died and as su'stituted 'y #is dau"#ter- Eenaida . i"no. n 1 7ece$'er 1D+D- i"noatte$&ted to re&urc#ase t#e &ro&erty 'y %ilin" a otion %or Consi"nation and de&ositin" 230-000it# t#e RC- 'ut t#is as o&&osed 'y t#e A/uinos ar"uin" t#at t#e ri"#t to re&urc#ase as notyet de$anda'le and t#at i"no #ad %ailed to $ae a tender o% &ay$ent.

4. RC denied t#e otion %or Consi"nation.5. i"no %iled an action %or Revival o% ud"$ent. #e A/uinos %iled an anser #erein t#ey alle"ed

t#at ustria #ad sold #is ri"#t to re&urc#ase t#e &ro&erty to t#e$ in a deed o% sale.,. A$on" t#e itnesses &resented 'y t#e A/uinos durin" trial ere esus 7e rancia- t#e

instru$ental itness to t#e deed o% sale- and %or$er ud"e CariFo- #o notarized t#e sa$e.#ese to itnesses testi%ied as to t#e occasion o% t#e eecution and si"nin" o% t#e deed o% sale'y ustria. #erea%ter- in t#eir or$al %%er o% 7ocu$entary vidence- t#e A/uinos o%%ered %or ad$ission t#e deed o% sale &ur&ortedly eecuted 'y ustria

?. #e ad$ission o% t#e 7eed o% Sale as o'ected to 'y i"no on t#e "round t#at it as a %alse and%raudulent docu$ent #ic# #ad not 'een acnoled"ed 'y ustria as #is onB and t#at itseistence as sus&icious- considerin" t#at it #ad 'een &reviously unnon- and not even&resented 'y t#e A/uinos #en t#ey o&&osed i"noGs &revious otion %or Consi"nation.

+. RC re%used to ad$it t#e 7eed o% Sale in evidence. RC t#en ruled in %avor o% i"no. #e RCt#erein e&ressed dou'ts as to t#e aut#enticity o% t#e 7eed o% Sale- c#aracterizin" t#etesti$onies o% 7e rancia and CariFo as con%lictin". #e RC lieise o'served t#at no#ere int#e alle"ed deed o% sale as t#ere any state$ent t#at it as acnoled"ed 'y ustriaB t#at it assus&icious t#at ustria as not assisted or re&resented 'y #is counsel in connection it# t#e

&re&aration and eecution o% t#e deed o% sale or t#at A/uino #ad raised t#e $atter o% t#e deed o% sale in #is &revious &&osition to t#e otion %or Consi"nation.D. CA reversed t#e decision o% RC and ruled in %avor o% S&ouses A/uino. #e a&&ellate court

ratiocinated t#at t#ere ere no $aterial or su'stantial inconsistencies 'eteen t#e testi$onies o% CariFo and 7e rancia t#at ould taint t#e docu$ent it# dou't%ul aut#enticityB t#at t#e a'senceo% t#e acnoled"$ent and su'stitution instead o% a urat did not render t#e instru$ent invalidBand t#at t#e nonassistance or re&resentation o% ustria 'y counsel did not render t#e docu$entnull and ine%%ective. 9t as noted t#at a notarized docu$ent carried in its %avor t#e &resu$&tion o% re"ularity it# res&ect to its due eecution- and t#at t#ere $ust 'e clear- convincin" and $oret#an $erely &re&onderant evidence to contradict t#e sa$e.


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9SS@:

ut t#ere is an even $ore su'stantial de%ect in t#e notarization- one #ic# is deter$inative o% t#is &etition.#is &ertains to t#e aut#ority o% ud"e ranlin CariFo to notarize t#e 7eed o% Sale.

It is udis!uted t"at F#a$li Ca#i%& at t"e ti'e &( t"e &ta#i)ati& &( t"e *eed &( Sale+ ,as asitti- .ud-e &( t"e Met#&!&lita T#ial C&u#t &( Ala'i&s. Muici!al T#ial C&u#t /MTC adMuici!al Ci#cuit T#ial C&u#t /MCTC .ud-es a#e e'!&,e#ed t& !e#(' t"e (ucti&s &( &ta#ies

!u1lic e &((ici& under Section ?, o% Re&u'lic Act *o. 2D,- as a$ended (ot#erise non as t#eudiciary Act o% 1D4+) and Section 242 o% t#e Revised Ad$inistrative Code. 6oever- as %ar 'ac as 1D+0in orre v. oya- t"e C&u#t e!licitl3 decla#ed t"at 'uici!al c&u#t .ud-es suc" as Ca#i%& 'a3&ta#i)e &l3 d&cu'ets c&ected ,it" t"e ee#cise &( t"ei# &((icial duties4 #e 7eed o% Sale asnot connected it# any o%%icial duties o% ud"e CariFo- and t#ere as no reason %or #i$ to notarize it.

ost crucially %or t#is case+ ,e s"&uld dee' t"e *eed &( Sale as &t "a5i- 1ee &ta#i)ed at all4#e validity o% a notarial certi%ication necessarily derives %ro$ t#e aut#ority o% t#e notarial o%%icer. 9% t#enotary &u'lic does not #ave t#e ca&acity to notarize a docu$ent- 'ut does so anyay- t#en t#e docu$ents#ould 'e treated as unnotarized.

6"at t"e is t"e e((ect & t"e *eed &( Sale i( it ,as &t &ta#i)ed7 rue enou"#- %ro$ a civil la&ers&ective- t"e a1sece &( &ta#i)ati& &( t"e *eed &( Sale ,&uld &t ecessa#il3 i5alidate t"e

t#asacti& e5ideced t"e#ei. Article 135+ o% t#e Ci5il C&de #e8ui#es t"at t"e (' &( a c&t#actt"at t#as'its eti-uis"es #eal #i-"ts &5e# i''&5a1le !#&!e#t3 s"&uld 1e i a !u1licd&cu'et+ 3et it is als& a acce!ted #ule t"at t"e (ailu#e t& &1se#5e t"e !#&!e# (' d&es &t#ede# t"e t#asacti& i5alid4 #us- it #as 'een uni%or$ly #eld t#at t#e %or$ re/uired in Article 135+ is&t essetial t& t"e 5alidit3 e(cea1ilit3 &( t"e t#asacti&+ 1ut #e8ui#ed 'e#el3 ( c&5eiece4

#e 7eed o% Sale- invalidly notarized as it as- does not %all under t#e enu$eration o% &u'lic docu$entsB#ence- it $ust 'e considered a &rivate docu$ent. #e nullity o% t#e alle"ed or atte$&ted notarization&er%or$ed 'y ud"e CariFo is su%%icient to eclude t#e docu$ent in /uestion %ro$ t#e class o% &u'lic


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docu$ents. ven assu$in" t#at t#e 7eed o% Sale as validly notarized- it ould still 'e classi%ied as a&rivate docu$ent- since it as not &ro&erly acnoled"ed- 'ut $erely su'scri'ed and sorn to 'y ay o% urat.

ein" a &rivate docu$ent- t#e 7eed o% Sale is no su'ect to t#e re/uire$ent t#at 'e%ore any &rivatedocu$ent o%%ered as aut#entic is received in evidence- its due eecution and aut#enticity $ust 'e &roved.

#e 7eed o% Sale as o%%ered in evidence 'y A/uinos- #ence- t#e 'urden %alls u&on t#e A/uinos to &roveits aut#enticity and due eecution. 6oever- t#e SC o'served t#at no recei&ts ere ever &resented 'y t#eres&ondents to evidence actual &ay$ent o% consideration 'y t#e$ to ustria- des&ite t#e alle"ation o% t#eres&ondents t#at t#e a$ount as covered 'y seven recei&ts. Also o% note is t#e %act t#at t#ere are "larin"di%%erences as to t#e alle"ed si"nature o% ustria on t#e 7eed o% Sale and as it ot#erise a&&ears on t#e udicial record.

uentes vs. uno – i"uel Ca&onon"

Vda4 *e R&sales 54 Ra'&s

A.C. *o. 5,457ate uly 2- 20027i"est 'y: Anna eatrice S. arrosa

Petiti&e#9 R&salida :e#a#d& Vda *e R&sales+ Complainant Res!&det9 Att34 Ma#i& G4 Ra'&s+ Respondent P&ete9

T&!ic9 N&ta#i)ed *&cu'et as a Pu1lic Ist#u'et

FACTS9

#is co$&laint %or dis'ar$ent as %iled in 'e#al% o% co$&lainant Rosalinda ernardo 8da. deRosales 'y t#e *ational ureau o% 9nvesti"ation (*9) a"ainst res&ondent Atty. ario . Ra$os %or violation o% Act *o. 2?11 o% t#e Revised Administrative Code of 1917, Title IV, Ch. 11, ot#erise no ast#e *otarial !a- &articularly Secs. 245 and 24, t#ereo%.

anuel A. ernardo- 'rot#er o% co$&lainant Rosalinda ernardo 8da. de Rosales- 'orroed %ro$Rosalinda t#e ri"inal rans%er Certi%icate o% itle *o. 1D44,4 coverin" !ot *o. 146 in #er na$e.#e lot $easures 112 s/uare $eters and is located at t#e 'ac o% anuelGs #ouse on a'ie Street-;aco- etro anila. n 25 *ove$'er 1DD0 Rosalinda sold t#is lot to one Al%redo ;. Castro.


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t#e co$&laint since accordin" to #i$ #e only inadvertently si"ned t#e &ur&orted 7eed o% A'soluteSale andHor t#at #is si"nature as &rocured t#rou"# $istae- %raud- undue in%luence or ecusa'lene"li"ence- clai$in" t#at #e si$&ly relied on t#e assurances o% anuel t#at t#e docu$ent ould not 'eused %or ille"al &ur&oses.

#e res&ondent clai$s to #ave notarized t#e docu$ent out o% sy$&at#y %or #is kababayan is not ale"iti$ate ecuse. 9t is a&&allin" t#at res&ondent did aay it# t#e 'asics o% notarial &rocedure in order toacco$$odate t#e alle"ed need o% a %riend and client.

9SS@: S#ould t#e notarized docu$ents 'e recorded in t#e notarial re"istry inorder to 'e considered as&u'lic docu$ent=

R@!9*:>es. 9% it is not recorded in t#e notarial re"istry t#en t#e docu$ent is not considered notarized.#e notary &u'lic is %urt#er enoined to record in #is notarial re"istry t#e necessary in%or$ation re"ardin"t#e docu$ent or instru$ent notarized and retain a co&y o% t#e docu$ent &resented to #i$ %or acnoled"$ent and certi%ication es&ecially #en it is a contract. #e notarial re"istry is a record o% t#enotary &u'licGs o%%icial acts. Acnoled"ed docu$ents and instru$ents recorded in it are considered&u'lic docu$ents. 9% t#e docu$ent or instru$ent does not a&&ear in t#e notarial records and t#ere is noco&y o% it t#erein- dou't is en"endered t#at t#e docu$ent or instru$ent as not really notarized- so t#at it

is not a &u'lic docu$ent and cannot 'olster any clai$ $ade 'ased on t#is docu$ent. Considerin" t#eevidentiary value "iven to notarized docu$ents- t#e %ailure o% t#e notary &u'lic to record t#e docu$ent in#is notarial re"istry is tanta$ount to %alsely $ain" it a&&ear t#at t#e docu$ent as notarized #en in%act it as not.

*ISPOSITIVE9 %or lac o% dili"ence in t#e o'servance o% t#e *otarial !a- t#e co$$ission o% res&ondent Atty. ario . Ra$os as *otary ;u'lic- i% still eistin"- is R8I7 and t#erea%ter Atty. Ra$os s#ould 'e79SK@A!997 %ro$ rea&&oint$ent to t#e o%%ice o% *otary ;u'lic.

*OCTRINE9 9% t#e docu$ent or instru$ent does not a&&ear in t#e notarial records and t#ere is no co&y o% it t#erein- dou't is en"endered t#at t#e docu$ent or instru$ent as not really notarized- so t#at it is not a&u'lic docu$ent and cannot 'olster any clai$ $ade 'ased on t#is docu$ent.


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7e !a Cruz vs. Ea'ala – !anz lives

acts:• Co$&lainant Atty. iniano . 7ela Cruz c#ar"ed res&ondent- Atty. Aleandro ;. Ea'ala- %or

violatin" #is oat# as a notary &u'lic. Co$&lainant %urt#er alle"ed t#at res&ondent notarized it#

unnon itnesses- a %ae deed o% sale alle"edly eecuted 'y to dead &eo&le- in "ross violationo% #is oat# as a Co$$issioned *otary ;u'lic in Kuezon City.• Co$&lainant averred t#at #e as retained 'y a certain 7e$etrio C. arero to %inance and

undertae t#e %ilin" o% a ;etition %or t#e 9ssuance o% a Second 7u&licate ri"inal o% t#e nersco&y C in t#e na$es o% S&s. ;edro Su$ulon" and Cirila a&ales 'e%ore t#e Re"ional rialCourt o% Anti&olo City.

• Co$&lainant as not a'le to re"ister t#e &ro&erty 'ecause t#e &ro&erty as already re"istered int#e na$e o% Anti&olo ;ro&erties- 9nc.- under C *o. *10?35D.

• r. arero %iled a Co$&laint %or Reconveyance o% itle o% t#e land- su'ect o% t#e 7eed o% Sale#ic# as notarized 'y res&ondent- it# da$a"es a"ainst t#e co$&lainant and #is i%e. #e7eed o% Sale as t#e sa$e docu$ent arero used #en #e %iled a co$&laint %or sta%a t#rualsi%ication o% ;u'lic 7ocu$ent doceted as 9.S. *o. D+1,35? 'e%ore t#e Kuezon City;rosecutors %%ice and in a dis'ar$ent case doceted as Ad$. Case *o. 4D,3 a"ainst

co$&lainant.• ;ur&ortedly- to clear #is na$e- co$&lainant %iled t#is co$&laint %or dis'ar$ent a"ainst

res&ondent. Accordin" to co$&lainant- res&ondent notarized an irre"ular docu$ent #ere one o% t#e &arties to t#e transaction as already dead- "rossly violatin" #is oat# as a notary &u'lic.

• Res&ondent- in #is Anser alle"ed t#at as a notary- #e did not #ave to "o 'eyond t#e docu$ents&resented to #i$ %or notarization. 9n notarial la- #e e&lains- t#e $ini$u$ re/uire$ents tonotarize a docu$ent are t#e &resence o% t#e &arties and t#eir &resentation o% t#eir co$$unity tacerti%icate. As lon" as t#ese re/uire$ents are $et- t#e docu$ents $ay 'e notarized.urt#er$ore- #e adds- #en #e notarized t#e 7eed o% Sale- #e #ad no ay o% noin" #et#er t#e &ersons #o a&&eared 'e%ore #i$ ere t#e real oners o% t#e land or ere $erely &oseurs.

9ssue:es. 9t a&&ears t#at t#ere as ne"li"ence on res&ondents &art #ic#- in our vie- is /uite serious.

#us- e cannot conclude t#at #e did not violate t#e *otarial !a- and our rules re"ardin" *otarial;ractice. *or could e a"ree t#at- as reco$$ended 'y t#e 9;- #e s#ould only 'e re&ri$anded. At least#is co$$ission as *otary ;u'lic s#ould 'e revoed and %or to years #e s#ould 'e dis/uali%ied %ro$'ein" co$$issioned as suc#.

#e 9; noted t#at on its %ace- t#e 7eed o% Sale as not eecuted 'y t#e &ur&orted vendee andt#at only ;edro Su$ulon" a&&eared and eecuted t#e deed even t#ou"# t#e &ro&erty as cooned 'y;edro Su$ulon" and Cirila a&ales. 9n addition- a co&y o% t#e title as not attac#ed to t#e said 7eed o% Sale #en it as &resented %or notarization. #e a%ore$entioned circu$stances s#ould #ave alertedres&ondent. iven t#e ease it# #ic# co$$unity ta certi%icates are o'tained t#ese days- res&ondents#ould #ave 'een $ore vi"ilant in ascertainin" t#e identity o% t#e &ersons #o a&&eared 'e%ore #i$.

*otarization is not an e$&ty- $eanin"less routinary act. 9t is invested it# su'stantive &u'lic interest. 9t$ust 'e underscored t#at t#e notarization 'y a notary &u'lic converts a &rivate docu$ent into a &u'licdocu$ent- $ain" t#at docu$ent ad$issi'le in evidence it#out %urt#er &roo% o% aut#enticity t#ereo%. Anotarial docu$ent is- 'y la- entitled to %ull %ait# and credit u&on its %ace. or t#is reason- a notary &u'lic$ust o'serve it# ut$ost care t#e 'asic re/uire$ents in t#e &er%or$ance o% t#eir dutiesB ot#erise- t#econ%idence o% t#e &u'lic in t#e inte"rity o% t#is %or$ o% conveyance ould 'e under$ined


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!ee vs a$'a"o – 8ito Sales

acts:

1. Co$&lainant- anuel !. !ee- c#ar"ed res&ondent- Atty. Re"ino . a$'a"o- it# violation o% *otarial !a and t#e t#ics o% t#e le"al &ro%ession %or notarizin" a il.

2. #e ill as alle"ed to 'e s&urious in nature in containin" %or"ed si"natures o% #is %at#er- t#edecedent- 8icente !ee Sr. and to ot#er itnesses- #ic# ere also /uestioned %or t#e a'senceo% notation o% t#e Residence Certi%icates t#at are non to 'e a co&y o% t#eir res&ective voterGsa%%idavit.

3. 9n addition to suc#- t#e contested ill as eecuted and acnoled"ed 'e%ore res&ondent onune 30- 1D,5 'ut 'ears a Residence Certi%icate 'y t#e estator dated anuary 5- 1D,2- #ic#as never su'$itted %or %ilin" to t#e Arc#ives 7ivision o% t#e Records ana"e$ent and Arc#ives%%ice o% t#e *ational Co$$ission %or Culture and Arts (*CAA).

4. Res&ondent re%uted t#at all alle"ations ere %alsely "iven 'ecause #e alle"edly eercised #isduties as *otary ;u'lic it# due care and it# due re"ards to t#e &rovision o% eistin" la and#ad co$&lied it# ele$entary %or$alities in t#e &er%or$ance o% #is duties and t#at t#e co$&laintas %iled si$&ly to #arass #i$ 'ased on t#e result o% a cri$inal case a"ainst #i$ %iled 'yco$&lainant in t#e $'uds$an t#at did not &ros&er.

5. 6oever- #e did not deny t#e contention o% non%ilin" a co&y to t#e Arc#ives 7ivision o% *CAA.,. 9n a resolution- t#e court re%erred t#e case to t#e 9; and t#e decision o% #ic# %ound res&ondent

"uilty o% violations o% &ertinent &rovisions o% t#e old *otarial !a as %ound in t#e Ad$inistrativeCode.

?. #e violation constituted an in%rin"e$ent o% le"al et#ics- &articularly Canon 1 and Rule 1.01o% t#eCode o% ;ro%essional Res&onsi'ility (C;R). #us- t#e investi"atin" co$$issioner o% t#e 9;Co$$ission on ar 7isci&line reco$$ended t#e sus&ension o% res&ondent %or a &eriod o% t#ree$ont#s.

+. #e 9; oard o% overnors ado&ted and a&&roved- it# $odi%ications- t#e reco$$endation o% t#e C7 and ruled t#at Atty. a$'a"o is sus&ended %ro$ t#e &ractice o% la %or one year and #isnotarial co$$ission is Revoed and 7is/uali%ied %ro$ rea&&oint$ent as *otary ;u'lic %or toyears.

9ssue:


8/53

A cursory ea$ination o% t#e acnoled"$ent o% t#e ill in /uestion s#os t#at t#is &articular re/uire$ent as neit#er strictly nor su'stantially co$&lied it#. or one- t#ere as t#e cons&icuousa'sence o% a notation o% t#e residence certi%icates o% t#e notarial itnesses *oynay and rao in t#eacnoled"$ent. Si$ilarly- t#e notation o% t#e testators old residence certi%icate in t#e sa$eacnoled"$ent as a clear 'reac# o% t#e la. #ese o$issions 'y res&ondent invalidated t#e ill.

*otaries &u'lic $ust o'serve it# ut$ost care and ut$ost %idelity t#e 'asic re/uire$ents in t#e&er%or$ance o% t#eir duties- ot#erise- t#e con%idence o% t#e &u'lic in t#e inte"rity o% notarized deeds ill'e under$ined.

7e%ects in t#e o'servance o% t#e sole$nities &rescri'ed 'y la render t#e entire ill invalid. #iscarelessness cannot 'e taen li"#tly in vie o% t#e i$&ortance and delicate nature o% a ill- considerin"t#at t#e testator and t#e itnesses- as in t#is case- are no lon"er alive to identi%y t#e instru$ent and tocon%ir$ its contents. Accordin"ly- res&ondent $ust 'e #eld accounta'le %or #is acts. #e validity o% t#e illas seriously co$&ro$ised as a conse/uence o% #is 'reac# o% duty.

#ese "ross violations o% t#e la also $ade res&ondent lia'le %or violation o% #is oat# as a layer and constituted trans"ressions o% Section 20 (a)- Rule 13+ o% t#e Rules o% Court and Canon 1 and Rule1.01o% t#e C;R.


9/53

7ela Cruz v. 7i$aano- A.C. *o. ??+1- Se&te$'er 12- 200+B 5,5 SCRA 1 (200+) Iato utierrez

HEIRS OF AMPARO *E; ROSARIO 5s4 SANTOS /


10/53

HE;*9 NO

RATIO9

As correctly &ointed out 'y t#e court a quo- t#e alle"ed %alse notarization o% t#e deed o% sale is o% noconse/uence. or a sale o% real &ro&erty or o% an interest t#erein to 'e en%orcea'le under t#e Statute o% rauds- it is enou"# t#at it 'e in ritin". 9t need not 'e notarized. ut t#e vendee $ay avail o% t#e ri"#tunder Article 135? o% t#e *e Civil Code to co$&el t#e vendor to o'serve t#e %or$ re/uired 'y la inorder t#at t#e instru$ent $ay 'e re"istered in t#e Re"istry o% 7eeds. 6ence- t#e due eecution and"enuineness o% t#e deed o% sale are not really in issue in t#is case. Accordin"ly- assi"ned error 9 is it#out$erit.


11/53

PERMANENT SAVINGS AN* ;OAN :ANK V4 VE;AR*ER *. 140,0+Se&te$'er 23- 20047i"est 'y: et#a 7an 6. rol%oT&!ic9 Ad$issi'ility o% 7ocu$ents

Facts9

1. 9n a co$&laint %or su$ o% $oney %iled 'e%ore t#e Re"ional rial Court o% anila (ranc# 3?)- docetedas Civil Case *o. D4?1,3D- &etitioner ;er$anent Savin"s and !oan an sou"#t to recover %ro$res&ondent ariano 8elarde- t#e su$ o% ;1-000-000.00 &lus accrued interests and &enalties- 'asedon a loan o'tained 'y res&ondent %ro$ &etitioner 'an- evidenced 'y t#e %olloin": (1) &ro$issorynote dated Se&te$'er 2+- 1D+3B (2) loan release s#eet dated Se&te$'er 2+- 1D+3B and (3) loandisclosure state$ent dated Se&te$'er 2+- 1D+3. ;etitioner 'an- re&resented 'y its 7e&uty!i/uidator a%ter it as &laced under li/uidation- sent a letter o% de$and to res&ondent on uly 2?-1D++- de$andin" %ull &ay$ent o% t#e loan. 7es&ite recei&t o% said de$and letter- res&ondent %ailed tosettle #is account.

. 8elarde contends t#at #e caused t#e &re&aration o% t#e co$&laint and t#at all t#e alle"ations t#ereat

are true and correctB t#at t#e &ro$issory note sued u&on- assu$in" t#at it eists and 'ears t#e"enuine si"nature o% #erein de%endant- t#e sa$e does not 'ind #i$ and t#at it did not truly e&resst#e real intention o% t#e &arties as stated in t#e de%enses

!. #e an clai$s- t#at t#ere is no need to &rove t#e loan and its su&&ortin" &a&ers as 8elarde #asalready ad$itted t#ese. 8elarde #ad in %act denied t#ese in #is res&onsive &leadin". And consistentit# #is denial- #e o'ected to t#e &resentation o% ar/uez as a itness to identi%y t#e #i'its o% t#ean- and o'ected to t#eir ad$ission #en t#ese ere o%%ered as evidence. #ou"# t#ese ere"rud"in"ly ad$itted anyay- still admissibility of eviden"e should not be equated #ith #ei$ht of eviden"e.

Issue9


12/53

Ti-& 5s4 S!&uses A8ui&.R. *o. 12D41, *ov. 25- 20047i"est 'y: An"elo !o&ez

ACS:Res&ondent s&ouses A/uino (t#e A/uinos) %iled a co$&laint %or en%orce$ent o% contract and

da$a"es a"ainst 9sidro ustria. #e co$&laint sou"#t to en%orce an alle"ed sale 'y ustria to t#e A/uinos o% a 120-000 s/uare $eter %is#&ond located in 7asci- ;an"asinan. #e &ro&erty as notre"istered eit#er under t#e !and Re"istration Act or under t#e S&anis# ort"a"e !a- t#ou"# re"istra'leunder Act *o. 3344.

ventually- ustria and t#e A/uinos entered into a co$&ro$ise a"ree$ent- #ere'y ustriaa"reed to reco"nize t#e validity o% t#e sale- and t#e A/uinos in turn a"reed to "rant to ustria t#e ri"#t tore&urc#ase t#e sa$e &ro&erty a%ter t#e la&se o% seven years. ustria died in cto'er 1D+,- t#en&etitioner i"noin su'stitution o% #er at#er ustria- atte$&ted to re&urc#ase t#e &ro&erty 'y %ilin" aotion %or Consi"nation. RC denied Consi"nation- as A/uinos ar"ued t#at re&urc#ase as not yetde$anda'le. A$on" t#e itnesses &resented 'y t#e A/uinos durin" trial ere esus 7e rancia (7erancia)- t#e instru$ental itness to t#e deed o% sale- and %or$er ud"e ranlin Cario (ud"e Cario)-#o notarized t#e sa$e. #ese to itnesses testi%ied as to t#e occasion o% t#e eecution and si"nin" o% t#e deed o% sale 'y ustria.

#erea%ter- in t#eir or$al %%er o% 7ocu$entary vidence- t#e A/uinos o%%ered %or ad$ission ast#eir #i'it *o. +- t#e deed o% sale (7eed o% Sale) &ur&ortedly eecuted 'y ustria. #e ad$ission o% t#e7eed o% Sale as o'ected to 'y i"no on t#e "round t#at it as a %alse and %raudulent docu$ent #ic##ad not 'een acnoled"ed 'y ustria as #is onB and t#at its eistence as sus&icious- considerin" t#atit #ad 'een &reviously unnon- and not even &resented 'y t#e A/uinos #en t#ey o&&osed i"nos&revious otion %or Consi"nation. 9n an rder dated , A&ril 1DD4- t#e RC re%used to ad$it t#e 7eed o% Sale in evidence. CA reversed RC.

(*ote: ud"e CarrioMs *otarization o% t#e 7eed o% Sale as considered as i$&ro&er- see t#is case inanot#er to&ic re"ardin" *otarization)

9SS@:


13/53

its aut#enticity and due eecution. #e Court o% A&&eals clearly erred in not a&&reciatin" t#e 7eed o% Saleas a &rivate docu$ent and in a&&lyin" t#e &resu$&tion o% re"ularity t#at attac#es only to duly notarizeddocu$ents- as distin"uis#ed %ro$ &rivate docu$ents.

7id t#e RC err t#en in re%usin" to ad$it t#e 7eed o% Sale=


14/53

CHONG 5 CA ? Vaessa HicetaGR 2>0 ul3


15/53

t#e co$&laint and sentenced &etitioner to &ay t#e res&ondents da$a"es.

A9* 9SS@:


16/53

t#e *otarial !a #ic# re/uires t#at t#e &arty acnoled"in" $ust a&&ear 'e%ore t#e notary &u'lic or anyot#er &erson aut#orized to tae acnoled"$ents o% instru$ents or docu$ents. Ne5e#t"eless+ t"ede(ecti5e &ta#i)ati& &( t"e deed d&es &t a((ect t"e 5alidit3 &( t"e sale &( t"e "&use4 Alt#ou"# Article 135+ o% t#e Civil Code states t#at t#e sale o% real &ro&erty $ust a&&ear in a &u'lic instru$ent- t#e%or$alities re/uired 'y t#is article is not essential %or t#e validity o% t#e contract 'ut is si$&ly %or its "reater e%%icacy or convenience- or to 'ind t#ird &ersons- and is $erely a coercive $eans "ranted to t#econtractin" &arties to ena'le t#e$ to reci&rocally co$&el t#e o'servance o% t#e &rescri'ed %or$.Conse/uently- t#e &rivate conveyance o% t#e #ouse is valid 'eteen t#e &arties.

ased on t#e %ore"oin"- t#e SC as satis%ied t#at t#e sale o% t#e su'ect lot and t#e #ouse 'uilt t#ereonas $ade %or valua'le consideration and it# t#e consent o% &etitioner. Conse/uently- e a%%ir$ t#e%indin"s o% t#e loer courts #ic# ueld t#e validity o% t#e trans%er o% &etitionerMs ri"#ts over t#e su'ectlot as ell as t#e sale o% t#e #ouse 'uilt t#ereon in %avor o% res&ondents&ouses.

79S;S998 ;R9*:


17/53


18/53

c. ver&ay$ents: #ere%ore o'li"ed to return t#e sa$e to CC!7S &ursuant to Article 2154 o% t#eCivil Code #ic# states t#at NQi% so$et#in" is received #en t#ere is no ri"#t to de$and it- and it asunduly delivered t#rou"# $istae- t#e o'li"ation to return it arises.N

999. utual !ia'ilities: AttorneyMs ees ** - 'ecause neit#er &arty as s#on to #ave acted in 'ad%ait# in &ursuin" t#eir res&ective clai$s a"ainst eac# ot#er. #e eistence o% 'ad %ait# is ne"ated 'y t#e%act t#at t#e C9AC- t#e CA- and t#e Court #ave all %ound t#e &artiesM ori"inal clai$s to 'e &artially$eritorious.


19/53

Kuilala v. Alcantara 3?1 SCRA 311 (2001) – ulian

A'ellana v. S&ouses ;once – ianca orla"dan43? SCRA 531- .R. *o. 1,04++Se&te$'er 3- 2004ustice >naresSantia"o

acts:1. n uly 15- 1D+1- elo$ina- t#e aunt o% &rivate res&ondent !ucila ;once- &urc#ased %ro$ t#e latestela Caldoza;acres an a"ricultural lot it# t#e intention o% "ivin" said lot to #er niece- !ucila. #us- int#e deed o% sale- t#e latter as desi"nated as t#e 'uyer o% !ot 3- ;cs100001D+- covered 'y ri"inalCerti%icate o% itle *o. ;2?- located at !os An"eles- utuan City. #e total consideration o% t#e sale as;1,-500.00- 'ut only ;4-500.00 as stated in t#e deed u&on t#e re/uest o% t#e seller.2. Su'se/uently- elo$ina a&&lied %or t#e issuance o% title in t#e na$e o% #er niece. n A&ril 2+-1DD2- C *o. 2+?4 over t#e su'ect lot as issued in t#e na$e o% !ucila. Said title- #oever- re$ainedin t#e &ossession o% elo$ina #o develo&ed t#e lot t#rou"# uanario orreon and &aid real &ro&ertytaes t#ereon.3. #e relations#i& 'eteen elo$ina and res&ondent s&ouses Ro$eo and !ucila ;once- #oever-turned sour. #e latter alle"edly 'eca$e disres&ect%ul and un"rate%ul to t#e &oint o% #urlin" #er insults and

even atte$&tin" to #urt #er ysically. 6ence- elo$ina %iled t#e instant case %or revocation o% i$&liedtrust to recover le"al title over t#e &ro&erty.4. ;rivate res&ondent s&ouses !ucila and Ro$eo- on t#e ot#er #and- clai$ed t#at t#e &urc#ase&rice o% t#e lot as only ;4-500.00 and t#at it as t#e$ #o &aid t#e sa$e. #e &ay$ent and si"nin" o% t#e deed o% sale alle"edly too &lace in t#e o%%ice o% Atty. eodoro $'oy in t#e &resence o% t#e seller and#er si'lin"s na$ely- A/uilino Caldoza and t#e late !ilia Caldoza.5. #e trial court rendered a decision #oldin" t#at an i$&lied trust eisted 'eteen elo$ina and!ucila- suc# t#at t#e latter is $erely #oldin" t#e lot %or t#e 'ene%it o% t#e %or$er. 9t t#us ordered t#econveyance o% t#e su'ect lot in %avor o% elo$ina.,. #e Court o% A&&eals set aside t#e decision o% t#e trial court rulin" t#at elo$ina %ailed to &rovet#e eistence o% an i$&lied trust and ueld res&ondent s&ouses oners#i& over t#e liti"ated lot.

9ssue:


20/53

7octrine:@nder Article ?4D o% t#e Civil Code- in order t#at t#e donation o% an i$$ova'le &ro&erty $ay 'e valid- it$ust 'e $ade in a &u'lic docu$ent- s&eci%yin" t#erein t#e &ro&erty donated and t#e value o% t#e c#ar"es#ic# t#e donee $ust satis%y.

7is&ositive:(1) 7eclared &etitioner elo$ina A'ellana as t#e a'solute oner o% !ot 3- ;cs100001D+B(2) rdered t#e Re"ister o% 7eeds o% utuan City to cancel C *o. 2+?4 in t#e na$e o% res&ondent!ucila ;once and to issue a ne one in t#e na$e o% &etitioner elo$ina A'ellana.


21/53

arcia v. atc#alian – en al$eo21 SCRA 105, (1D,?)

ACS:1. #is is an a&&eal taen 'y ;edro Reyes arcia %ro$ t#e decision o% t#e Court o% irst 9nstance o% Rizalin S&ecial ;roceedin"s denyin" t#e alloance o% t#e ill o% t#e late re"orio atc#alian- on t#e "roundt#at t#e attestin" itnesses did not acnoled"e it 'e%ore a notary &u'lic- as re/uired 'y la.2. n arc# 15- 1D,?- re"orio atc#alian- a idoer o% ?1 years o% a"e- died in t#e $unici&ality o% ;asi"- ;rovince o% Rizal- leavin" no %orced #eirs.3. n A&ril 2 o% t#e sa$e year- a&&ellant %iled a &etition it# t#e a'ove na$ed court %or t#e &ro'ate o% saidalle"ed ill (#i'it NCN) #erein #e as instituted as sole #eir.4. eli&e atc#alian- Aurora . Ca$ins- An"eles . Cosca- ederico . u'o"- 8ir"inia . alanay and An"eles . alanay- a&&ellees #erein- o&&osed t#e &etition on t#e "round- a$on" ot#ers: t#at t#e illas &rocured 'y %raudB t#at t#e deceased did not intend t#e instru$ent si"ned 'y #i$ to 'e as #is illB and t#at t#e deceased as ysically and $entally inca&a'le o% $ain" a ill at t#e ti$e o% t#e alle"edeecution o% said ill.5. A%ter due trial- t#e court rendered t#e a&&ealed decision %indin" t#e docu$ent #i'it NCN to 'e t#eaut#entic last ill o% t#e deceased 'ut disalloin" it %or %ailure to co$&ly it# t#e $andatory re/uire$ento% Article +0, o% t#e *e Civil Code t#at t#e ill $ust 'e acnoled"ed 'e%ore a notary &u'lic 'y t#e

testator and t#e itnesses. 9SS@:


22/53

Azuela v. Court o% A&&eals – C ;illena.R. *o. 122++0 A&ril 12- 200,

acts:

;etitioner eli Azuela sou"#t to ad$it to &ro'ate t#e notarial ill o% u"enia . 9"solo. 6oever- t#is aso&&osed 'y eralda Castillo- #o as t#e attorneyin%act o% t#e 12 le"iti$ate #eirsT o% t#e decedent. Accordin" to #er- t#e ill as %or"ed- and i$'ued it# several %atal de%ects. ;articularly- t#e issuerelevant in t#is su'ect is t#at t#e ill as not &ro&erly acnoled"ed. #e notary &u'lic- ;etronio >.autista- only rote *ila"daan o at ninotario o n"ayon" 10 n" 6unyo 10 (sic)- 1D+1 dito sa !un"sodn" aynila.T

9ssue:

es- t#e ill is %atally de%ective. y no $anner o% conte$&lation can t#ose ords 'e construed as anacnoled"$ent.

An acnoled"e$ent is t#e act o% one #o #as eecuted a deed in "oin" 'e%ore so$e co$&etent o%%icer or court and declarin" it to 'e #is act or deed. 9t involves an etra ste& undertaen #ere'y t#e si"noreactually declares to t#e notary t#at t#e eecutor o% a docu$ent #as attested to t#e notary t#at t#e sa$e is#isH#er on %ree act and deed.

9t $i"#t 'e &ossi'le to construe t#e aver$ent as a urat- even t#ou"# it does not #e to t#e usuallan"ua"e t#ereo%. A urat is t#at &art o% an a%%idavit #ere t#e notary certi%ies t#at 'e%ore #i$H#er- t#edocu$ent as su'scri'ed and sorn to 'y t#e eecutor.

>et even i% e consider #at as a%%ied 'y t#e notary &u'lic as a urat- t#e ill ould nonet#eless re$aininvalid- as t#e e&ress re/uire$ent o% Article +0, is t#at t#e ill 'e acnoled"ed-T and not $erelysu'scri'ed and sorn to. #e ill does not &resent any tetual &roo%- $uc# less one under oat#- t#at t#edecedent and t#e instru$ental itnesses eecuted or si"ned t#e ill as t#eir on %ree act or deed. #eacnoled"$ent $ade in a ill &rovides %or anot#er alli$&ortant le"al sa%e"uard a"ainst s&urious ills or t#ose $ade 'eyond t#e %ree consent o% t#e testator.

7octrine:

A notarial ill t#at is not acnoled"ed 'e%ore a notary &u'lic 'y t#e testator and t#e itnesses is %atallyde%ective- even i% it is su'scri'ed and sorn to 'e%ore a notary &u'lic.


23/53

;RC 7>- R. v CA- !AC RA79* 9*C and A**9 *EA!S – 8anessa 6iceta.R. *o. D2D+D uly +- 1DD1;**: @9RRE- R.;9C: rans%er o% ners#i& – 7elivery o% t#e t#in" sold

ACS:U ;etitioner ;er%ecto 7y and


24/53

#e $ort"a"or #o "ave t#e &ro&erty as security under a c#attel $ort"a"e did not &art it# t#eoners#i& over t#e sa$e. 6e #ad t#e ri"#t to sell it alt#ou"# #e as under t#e o'li"ation to secure t#eritten consent o% t#e $ort"a"ee or #e lays #i$sel% o&en to cri$inal &rosecution under t#e &rovision o% Article 31D &ar. 2 o% t#e Revised ;enal Code. And even i% no consent as o'tained %ro$ t#e $ort"a"ee-t#e validity o% t#e sale ould still not 'e a%%ected.

9* 69S CASVSC: no reason #y


25/53

&urc#ase &rice 'ecause t#e relations#i& 'eteen !i'ra and t#e &etitioner is not one o% sale 'ut still a$ort"a"e. #e clearin" or encas#$ent o% t#e c#ec #ic# &roduced t#e e%%ect o% &ay$ent deter$ined t#e%ull &ay$ent o% t#e $oney o'li"ation and t#e release o% t#e c#attel $ort"a"e. 9t as not deter$inative o% t#e consu$$ation o% t#e sale. #e transaction 'eteen t#e 'rot#ers is distinct and a&art %ro$ t#etransaction 'eteen !i'ra and t#e &etitioner. #e contention- t#ere%ore- t#at t#e consu$$ation o% t#e salede&ended u&on t#e encas#$ent o% t#e c#ec is untena'le.

#e sale o% t#e su'ect tractor as consu$$ated u&on t#e eecution o% t#e &u'lic instru$ent onSe&te$'er 4- 1D?D. At t#is ti$e constructive delivery as already e%%ected. 6ence- t#e su'ect tractor asno lon"er oned 'y


26/53

SA*9A 8. ;9*R SA89*S A*7 !A* A*IR *. ??502anuary 15- 1D++7i"est 'y: et#a 7an 6. rol%o

o&ic: %%ectively as a"ainst t#ird &ersons

acts:1. Santia"o- is t#e re"istered oner o% a &arcel o% land situated at ;olo- 8alenzuela- etro anila-it# an area o% a&&roi$ately 3D-00? s/uare $eters as t#e dis&uted &ro&erty.2. S#e eecuted a S&ecial ;oer o% Attorney in %avor o% Construction Resources Cor&oration o% t#e;#ili&&ines (CRC;) to 'orro $oney and $ae- eecute- si"n and deliver $ort"a"es o% real estate nooned 'y $e and standin" in $y na$e and to $ae- si"n- eecute and deliver any and all &ro$issorynotes necessary in t#e &re$ises.3. CRC; eecuted a Real state ort"a"e over t#e 7is&uted ;ro&erty in %avor o% 9*AS9A9nvest$ent and inance Cor&oration to secure a loan o% ;1 $illion. #e $ort"a"e contract s&eci%ically&rovided t#at in t#e event o% de%ault in &ay$ent- t#e $ort"a"ee $ay i$$ediately %oreclose t#e $ort"a"e udicially or etraudicially.

4. Real state ort"a"e 'y CRC; in %avor o% 9*AS9A eecuted in %avor o% de%endanta&&ellee-;ioneer Savin"s W !oan an- 9nc. (7e%endant an- %or 'revity)- an Nutri"#t Sale o% Receiva'lesit#out RecourseN includin" t#e receiva'le o% ;,10-?52.5D %ro$ CRC;.5. 9*AS9A eecuted a NSu&&le$ental 7eed o% Assi"n$entN in %avor o% 7e%endant an con%ir$in"and rati%yin" t#e assi"n$ent in t#e latterGs %avor o% t#e receiva'le o% ;,10-?52.5D %ro$ CRC; and o% t#e$ort"a"e constituted 'y CRC; over t#e dis&uted &ro&erty.,. CRC; %ailed to settle its o'li"ation and 7e%endant an o&ted %or etraudicial %oreclosure o% t#e$ort"a"e.?. n learnin" o% t#e intended sale- &lainti%%a&&ellant %iled 'e%ore t#e Re"ional rial Court o% 8alenzuela- etro anila- ranc# C!XX99- an action %or declaration o% nullity o% t#e real estate $ort"a"eit# an a&&lication %or a S- t#e notice is 'indin".

#e cases #ic# &lainti%%a&&ellant cites e&ress t#e "eneral rule #en t#ere is no Ndocu$entaryevidence ad$itted 'y sti&ulation disclosin" %acts su%%icient to de%eat t#e clai$.N


27/53

7is&ositive: $ilia . Santia"o t#e &etitioner on.;@!9C SAS A@6R9> vs. @> (2001) –Iayelyn !at

ACS:1. ;etitioner ;u'lic states Aut#ority is t#e "overn$ent a"ency tased 'y t#e ases Conversion7evelo&$ent Aut#ority to develo& t#e %irstclass $e$orial &ar non as t#e 6erita"e ;ar- located inort oni%acio- a"ui"- etro anila.2. n *ove$'er 20- 1DD,- &etitioner eecuted it# res&ondent l&idio S. @y- doin" 'usiness under t#e na$e and style dison 7evelo&$ent W Construction- a !andsca&in" and Construction A"ree$ent-#ere'y res&ondent undertoo to &er%or$ all landsca&in" ors on t#e 105#ectare 6erita"e ;ar.3. #e A"ree$ent sti&ulated t#at t#e co$&letion date %or t#e landsca&in" o' as it#in 450 days-co$$encin" it#in 14 days a%ter recei&t 'y res&ondent %ro$ &etitioner o% a ritten notice to &roceed.4. 7ue to delays- t#e contracted &eriod as etended to ,D3 days. A$on" t#e causes o% t#e delay as &etitioners ina'ility to deliver to res&ondent 45 #ectares o% t#e &ro&erty %or landsca&in"- 'ecause o% t#e eistence o% s/uatters and a &u'lic ce$etery5. Res&ondent instituted it# t#e Construction 9ndustry Ar'itration Co$$ission an action seein" tocollect %ro$ &etitioner da$a"es arisin" %ro$ its delay in t#e delivery o% t#e entire &ro&erty %or landsca&in". #e incurred additional rental costs %or t#e e/ui&$ent #ic# ere e&t on stand'y and la'or costs

%or t#e idle $an&oer t#e delay incurred 'y &etitioner caused t#e to&soil at t#e ori"inal su&&lier to 'e de&leted- #ic#co$&elled res&ondent to o'tain t#e to&soil %ro$ a %art#er source- t#ere'y incurrin" added costs. #e #ad to $o'ilize ater trucs %or t#e &lants and trees #ic# #ave already 'een delivered at t#esite. it 'eca$e necessary to construct a nursery s#ade to &rotect and &reserve t#e youn" &lants andtrees &rior to actual trans&lantin" at t#e landsca&ed area,. Construction 9ndustry Ar'itration Co$$ission: in %avour o% @yB ;u'lic states Aut#ority is directedto &ay clai$ant?. ot# &etitioner and res&ondent %iled &etitions %or revie it# CA+. ;etitioner contested t#e $onetary aards "iven 'y C9ACD. Res&ondent %iled a case ar"uin" t#at C9AC erred in aardin" a reduced a$ount %or e/ui&$entstand'y costs and %or denyin" #is clai$s %or additional costs %or to&soil #aulin" and o&eratin" costs o%

ater trucs10. CA: dis$issed &etitions11. ot# &arties %iled R12. ;etitioner %iled it# t#e Court o% A&&eals an @r"ent otion %or 9ssuance o% a e$&oraryRestrainin" rder andHor


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RA9:

;etitioner- 'ein" a "overn$ent oned and controlled cor&oration- can act only t#rou"# its duly aut#orizedre&resentatives

;re$iu$ ar'le Resources- 9nc. vs. CA: in t#e a'sence o% any 'oard resolution %ro$ its 'oard o% directors t#e Qsic aut#ority to act %or and in 'e#al% o% t#e cor&oration- t#e &resent action $ust necessary%ail. #e &oer o% t#e cor&oration to sue and 'e sued in any court is lod"ed it# t#e 'oard o% directorst#at eercises its cor&orate &oers. #us- t#e issue o% aut#ority and t#e invalidity o% &lainti%%a&&ellantssu'scri&tion #ic# is still &endin"- is a $atter t#at is also addressed- considerin" t#e &re$ises- to t#esound ud"$ent o% t#e Securities and c#an"e Co$$ission.

#ere%ore- t#e Court o% A&&eals did not err in %indin" t#atin vie o% t#e a'sence o% a 'oard resolutionaut#orizin" &etitioners %%icerinC#ar"e to re&resent it in t#e &etition- t#e veri%ication and certi%ication o% non%oru$ s#o&&in" eecuted 'y said o%%icer %ailed to satis%y t#e re/uire$ent o% t#e Rules.


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Clavecilla v. Quitain 482 SCRA 623 (2006)- Kato

6eirs o% 7ic$an vs Carino – 8ito Sales

acts:

1. Sioco Carino 'ou"#t a &arcel o% land to"et#er it# its i$&rove$ents %ro$ 6C 6eald and too&ossession o% it.2. n t#e advice o% #is layers- and 'ecause t#ere ere already $any &arcels o% land recorded in#is na$e- Sioco CariFo caused t#e survey o% t#e land in controversy in t#e na$e o% in"el 7ic$an.3. in"el 7ic$an eecuted a &u'lic instru$ent entitled N7eed o% Conveyance o% ;art Ri"#ts and9nterests in A"ricultural !andN #erein it stated t#at r. Sioco CariFo #as advanced all e&enses %or saidsurvey %or #i$ t#at %or and in consideration o% said advance e&enses- $ade to #i$- #e &ro$ises toconvey- deliver and trans%er one #al% (1H2) o% #is title- ri"#ts- and interest to and in t#e a%oresaid &arcel o% land as soon as title %or t#e sa$e is issued to $e 'y &ro&er aut#orities.4. A%ter t#e eecution o% t#e %ore"oin" deed- Sioco CariFo- #o #ad 'een in &ossession o% t#e landin controversy since 1D1,- continued to stay t#ereon.5. n anuary 10- 1D3+- Sioco CariFo eecuted- as seller- a &u'lic instru$ent entitled N7eed o% A'solute SaleN coverin" t#e su'ect land and its i$&rove$ents it# #is son- uz$an CariFo- as 'uyer.,. n uly 2?- 1D54- uz$an CariFo #ad t#e entire !ot 4, resurveyed so as to indicate t#e #al% &ortion t#at 'elon"ed to #i$ and t#e ot#er #al% t#at 'elon"ed to t#e &etitioners. #e resurvey evenlydivided t#e lot into !ot ?,A and ?,- and &ur&ortedly indicated t#at !ot ?,A- consistin" o% 50-D53s/uare $eters- 'elon"ed to t#e &etitioners- #ile !ot ?,- also consistin" o% 50-D53 s/uare $eters-%or$erly &ertained to Sioco CariFo and- later- to uz$an CariFo.?. e%ore t#e trial court could dis&ose o% t#e case- t#e Su&re$e Court &ro$ul"ated Re&u'lic v.arcosD #ic# #eld t#at Courts o% irst 9nstance o% a"uio #ave no urisdiction to reo&en udicial&roceedin"s on t#e 'asis o% Re&u'lic Act *o. D31. As a conse/uence- on uly 2+- 1D?+- t#e trial courtdis$issed t#e &etition to reo&en Civil Reservation Case *o. 1- .!.R.. 211 inso%ar as !ot ?, asconcerned- and t#e certi%icate o% title issued &ursuant to t#e &artial decision involvin" !ot ?,A asinvalidated.+. A%ter t#e dis$issal o% t#e case- uz$an CariFo as le%t undistur'ed in #is &ossession o% t#esu'ect &ro&erty until #is deat# on Au"ust 1D- 1D+2. uz$anMs ido and son- &rivate res&ondent oseSioco C. CariFo- continued &ossession o% t#e su'ect &ro&erty.

D. n A&ril 20- 1D+3- &etitioners- suin" as co$&ulsory #eirs o% in"el 7ic$an- revived t#e %ore"oin"case 'y %ilin" a co$&laint %or recovery o% &ossession it# da$a"es involvin" t#e su'ect &ro&erty it# t#eRC.10. Res&ondent Carino- #oever- alle"ed t#at #e #as 'een in &ossession o% t#e su'ect &ro&erty %or 55 years &eace%ully- in "ood %ait#- and in conce&t o% oner and t#ere%ore &er%ected title over t#e sa$et#rou"# ac/uisitive &rescri&tion.11. RC decalred t#at Carino #e la%ul &ossessor and as t#e &arty #o #as t#e 'etter ri"#t over t#eland su'ect $atter.12. CA dis$issed t#e &etition and a%%ir$ed in toto t#e rulin" o% t#e RC.

9ssue:


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satis%ied- #ic# $eans t#at t#e $ode o% trans%errin" oners#i& s#ould ordinarily #ave 'een valid and true-#ad t#e "rantor 'een t#e oner.

y t#e ti$e t#e successorsininterest o% in"el 7ic$an sou"#t to esta'lis# oners#i& over t#e land incontroversy 'y %ilin" t#eir N;etition o% t#e 6eirs o% 7ic$an to Reo&en Civil Reservation Case *o. 1-.!.R.. 211N on A&ril 24- 1D5D it# t#e trial court- and #ic# uz$an ti$ely o&&osed- $ore t#an 20years #ad already ela&sed. #us- t#e 10year &eriod %or ac/uisitive &rescri&tion is dee$ed satis%ied ell'e%ore uz$anMs &ossession can 'e said to 'e civilly interru&ted 'y t#e %ilin" o% t#e %ore"oin" &etition toreo&en

;rescindin" %ro$ t#e issue on &rescri&tion- t#e &etitioners and t#eir &redecessorsininterest arenonet#eless "uilty o% lac#es.

As correctly #eld 'y t#e RC- t#ere is no evidence to t#e e%%ect t#at in"el 7ic$an or #is successorsininterest ever %iled any action to /uestion t#e validity o% t#e N7eed o% Conveyance o% ;art Ri"#ts and9nterests in A"ricultural !andN a%ter its eecution on cto'er 22- 1D2+ des&ite #avin" every o&&ortunity todo so. *or as any action to recover &ossession o% t#e &ro&erty %ro$ uz$an CariFo instituted anyti$e&rior to A&ril 24- 1D5D- a ti$e #en t#e &eriod %or ac/uisitive &rescri&tion- reconed %ro$ uz$anMsoccu&ation o% t#e &ro&erty in 1D3+- #ad already trans&ired in #is %avor. *o evidence lieise a&&ears ont#e record t#at Sioco CariFo or #is state ever %iled any action to contest t#e validity o% t#e N7eed o%

A'solute SaleN dated anuary 10- 1D3+.

;rivate res&ondent and #is &redecessorsininterest ere $ade to %eel secure in t#e 'elie% t#at no actionould 'e %ileda"ainst t#e$ 'y suc# &assivity. #ere is no usti%ia'le reason %or &etitionersM delay inassertin" t#eir ri"#tsYt#e %acts in t#eir entirety s#o t#at t#ey #ave sle&t on t#e$. or over 30 yearsreconed %ro$ t#e N7eed o% Conveyance o% ;art Ri"#ts and 9nterests in A"ricultural !andN dated cto'er 22- 1D2+- or 20 years reconed %ro$ t#e N7eed o% A'solute SaleN dated anuary 10- 1D3+- t#ey ne"lectedto tae &ositive ste&s to assert t#eir do$inical clai$ over t#e &ro&erty.


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Solar ea$ ntertain$ent v. Rica%ort 2D3 SCRA ,,1 (1DD+) – !anz livesFacts:

• #is is a case %or t#e recovery o% &ossession and da$a"es it# a &rayer %or a rit o% re&levin. ;rivate res&ondents %iled t#eir Anser and a co&y as %urnis#ed to t#e counselo% &etitioner 'y re"istered $ail 'ut t#e &leadin" did not contain and ritten e&lanation

#y &ersonal service as not $ade u&on &etitioner&lainti%% as re/uired 'y t#e Rules o% Court.

• n 11 Au"ust 1DD?- &etitioner %iled a $otion to e&un"e t#e NAnser (it#Counterclai$s)N and to declare #erein &rivate res&ondents in de%ault- 5 alle"in" t#ereint#at t#e latter did not o'serve t#e $andate o% t#e a%ore$entioned Section 11- and t#att#ere as:QA'solutely no valid reason #y de%endantQs s#ould not #ave &ersonally served&lainti%%Gs . . . counsel it# Qa co&y o% t#eir anser Qas (t)#e o%%ice o% de%endantGs (sic)counsel- Atty. roilan Ca'altera- is ust a stone Qsic t#ro aay %ro$ t#e o%%ice o% Q&etitionerGs counsel- it# an esti$ate (sic) distance o% a'out 200 $eters $ore or less.

• ;etitioner %urt#er alle"ed t#at t#e &ost o%%ice as Na'out ten (10) ti$es %art#er %ro$ t#eo%%ice o% Atty. Ca'altera-N

Issue:


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#e 1DD? Rules o% Civil ;rocedure too e%%ect only on 1 uly 1DD?- #ile t#e /uestionedNAnser (it# Counterclai$s)N as %iled only on + Au"ust 1DD?- or on t#e 3Dt# day %olloin" t#ee%%ectivity o% t#e 1DD? Rules. 6ence- &rivate res&ondentsG counsel $ay not #ave 'een %ullyaare o% t#e re/uire$ents and ra$i%ications o% Section 11- Rule 13. 9n %act- as &ointed out 'y&etitionerGs counsel- in anot#er case #ere &rivate res&ondentsG counsel as lieise o&&osin"counsel- t#e latter si$ilarly %ailed to co$&ly it# Section 11.


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Ga'id& 5s4 Ne, :ili1id P#is&s.R. *o. 114+2D arc# 1- 1DD57i"est y: An"elo !o&ez

ACS:9n t#e Resolution o% ? Se&te$'er 1DD4- #e Court re/uired Atty. 9casiano . dela Rea- to s#o cause#y no disci&linary action s#ould 'e taen a"ainst #i$ %or $ain" it a&&ear in t#e urat o% t#e &etition int#is case t#at t#e &etitioner su'scri'ed t#e veri%ication and sore to 'e%ore #i$- as notary &u'lic- on 1D A&ril 1DD4- #en in trut# and in %act t#e &etitioner did not. 9n #is &lanation- Atty. 9casiano . dela Reaad$itted #avin" eecuted t#e urat it#out t#e &resence o% &etitioner a$ido. #e e&lanation states:

/))) I did it in the honest belief that sin"e it is 0urat and not an a"kno#led$ement. ))) #en #e a&olo"izes to t#e Court and assures it t#at #ence%ort# #e ould 'e $ore care%ul andcircu$s&ect.

9SS@:


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Pu1lic Estates Aut"it3 54 U3R *.H SCRA *


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ISSUES9 6ON #es!&det Pu1lic Estates s"&uld 1e "eld lia1le ( t"e e!eses caused 13 t"edela3 i deli5e#i- t"e eti#e !#&!e#t34

RU;ING9 YES+ e #ave %ound no "round to distur' t#e decision o% t#e C9AC- es&ecially since it&ossesses t#e re/uired e&ertise in t#e %ield o% construction ar'itration. 9t is ell settled t#at %indin"s o% %act o% ad$inistrative a"encies and /uasiudicial 'odies- #ic# #ave ac/uired e&ertise 'ecause t#eir

urisdiction is con%ined to s&eci%ic $atters- are "enerally accorded not only res&ect- 'ut %inality #ena%%ir$ed 'y t#e Court o% A&&eals.

#us- e a%%ir$ t#e %actual %indin"s and conclusions o% t#e C9AC as re"ards t#e ar'itral aards tores&ondent. #e records clearly s#o t#at t#ese are a$&ly su&&orted 'y su'stantial evidence.

*ISPOSITIVE9 res&ondent @y on

Clavecilla v. Quitain 482 SCRA 623 (2006)- Miguel Caponong

2 HEIRS OF *ICMAN VS OSE CARINO CA7i"est 'y: ic#elle A. 8ale Cruz

QUICKIE SUMMARY: Sioco Carino ("rand%at#er o% ose Carino) already oned $any &arcles o% landrecorded under #is na$e so #e caused t#e survey o% t#e land in /uestion in t#e na$e o% in"el 7ic$an.Su'se/uently- in 1D2+- in"el 7ic$an eecuted a 7eed o% ConveyanceT it# Sioco Carino statin" t#at#e &led"e and &ro$ise to deliverHtrans%er L o% t#e su'ect &ro&erty to Sioco Carino. Sioco re$ained in t#e&ossession o% t#e land #ic# #e later on sold to #is uz$an Carino (%at#er o% ose Carino) in 1D3+.uz$an #as t#e entire lot resurveyed to indicate t#at #al% 'elon"s to 7ic$an and #al% to t#e Carinos. ut&etition as later on %iled 'y t#e #eirs o% in"el 7ic$an alle"in" oners#i& over t#e entire lot 'ut uz$anclai$s t#at #e ons !ot ?, (t#e ot#er #al%). #e clai$ o% 7ic$an as dis$issed 'y t#e RC &ursuant toa &rocla$ation o% ;res. arcia. A%ter t#e dis$issal o% t#e case- uz$an CariFo as le%t undistur'ed in #is&ossession o% t#e su'ect &ro&erty until #is deat#. 9n 1D+3- &etitioners revived t#e case 'ut as a"aindis$issed 'y RC. n a&&eal to CA- t#ey raised %or t#e %irst ti$e t#e issue attacin" t#e validity anaut#enticity o% t#e 7eed o% Conveyance #ic# as eecuted in 1D2D. SC ruled in %avor o% Carino 'ecause1) t#ey cannot raise suc# issue %or t#e %irst ti$e on a&&ealB and 2) &rescri&tion.

ACS:1. #e su'ect land #ad 'een &art o% t#e land clai$ o% ateo CariFo.


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#at %or and in consideration o% said advance e&enses- 9 #ere'y &led"e and &ro$ise toconvey- deliver and trans%er unto said Sioco CariFo- #is #eirs and assi"ns- one #al% (1H2)o% $y title- ri"#ts- and interest to and in t#e a%oresaid &arcel o% landB sa$e to 'edelivered- conveyed and trans%erred to #i$- #is #eirs and assi"ns- 'y $e- $y #eirs- andassi"ns- .

5. A%ter t#e eecution o% t#e %ore"oin" deed- Sioco CariFo- #o #ad 'een in &ossession o% t#e landin controversy since 1D1,- continued to stay t#ereon.

,. n anuary 10- 1D3+- Sioco CariFo eecuted- as seller- a &u'lic instru$ent entitled N7eed o% A'solute SaleN coverin" t#e su'ect land and its i$&rove$ents it# #is son- uz$an CariFo- as'uyer. Conse/uently- uz$an CariFo too &ossession o% t#e &ro&erty &u'licly- &eace%ully- and int#e conce&t o% oner.

?. uz$an CariFo #ad t#e entire !ot resurveyed so as to indicate t#e #al% &ortion t#at 'elon"ed to#i$ and t#e ot#er #al% t#at 'elon"ed to t#e &etitioners. #e resurvey evenly divided t#e lot into!ot ?,A and ?,

+. A &etition as later %iled 'y t#e #eirs o% in"el 7ic$an #ic# sou"#t to esta'lis# oners#i& over !ot ?,A and !ot ?,. uz$an CariFo o&&osed t#e &etition inso%ar as #e insisted oners#i&over !ot ?,- t#e land in controversy.

D.


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As correctly #eld 'y t#e RC- t#ere is no evidence to t#e e%%ect t#at in"el 7ic$an or #is successorsininterest ever %iled any action to /uestion t#e validity o% t#e N7eed o% Conveyance o% ;art Ri"#ts and9nterests in A"ricultural !andN a%ter its eecution on cto'er 22- 1D2+ des&ite #avin" every o&&ortunity todo so. *or as any action to recover &ossession o% t#e &ro&erty %ro$ uz$an CariFo instituted anyti$e&rior to A&ril 24- 1D5D- a ti$e #en t#e &eriod %or ac/uisitive &rescri&tion- reconed %ro$ uz$anMsoccu&ation o% t#e &ro&erty in 1D3+- #ad already trans&ired in #is %avor. *o evidence lieise a&&ears ont#e record t#at Sioco CariFo or #is state ever %iled any action to contest t#e validity o% t#e N7eed o% A'solute SaleN dated anuary 10- 1D3+. #ou"# counsel %or t#e state o% Sioco CariFo tried to assail t#edeed as a %or"ery in t#e trial court- t#e atte$&t %ailed and no a&&eal as lod"ed t#ere%ro$.

or over 30 years reconed %ro$ t#e N7eed o% Conveyance o% ;art Ri"#ts and 9nterests in A"ricultural!andN dated cto'er 22- 1D2+- or 20 years reconed %ro$ t#e N7eed o% A'solute SaleN dated anuary 10-1D3+- t#ey ne"lected to tae &ositive ste&s to assert t#eir do$inical clai$ over t#e &ro&erty.


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S&la# Tea' Ete#tai'et 54 Rica(t 2=D SCRA < / ? Ca#l Auacts:1. Solar ea$ ntertain$ent %iled 'e%ore t#e RC- ;araa/ue a co$&laint %or recovery o% &ossessionand da$a"es it# &rayer %or a rit o% re&levin a"ainst ea$ 9$a"e ntertain$ent- 9nc.. #e case asassi"ned to ranc# 2,0 o% said court- &resided over 'y &u'lic res&ondent ud"e 6elen autistaRica%ort.2. Su$$onses and co&ies o% t#e co$&laint ere %ort#it# served on &rivate res&ondents. n + Au"ust 1DD?- &rivate res&ondents- as de%endants- %iled t#eir Anser (it# Counterclai$s). A co&y t#ereo% as %urnis#ed counsel %or &etitioner 'y re"istered $ailB #oever- t#e &leadin" did not contain any rittene&lanation as to #y service as not $ade &ersonally u&on &etitioner&lainti%%- as re/uired 'y Section 11o% Rule 13 o% t#e 1DD? Rules o% Civil ;rocedure.3. ;etitioner %iled a $otion to e&un"e t#e Anser (it# Counterclai$s) and to declare #erein&rivate res&ondents in de%ault- alle"in" t#erein t#at t#e latter did not o'serve t#e $andate o% t#ea%ore$entioned Section 11- and t#at t#ere as:4. QA'solutely no valid reason #y de%endantQs s#ould not #ave &ersonally served &lainti%%s ...counsel it# Qa co&y o% t#eir anser Qas (t)#e o%%ice o% de%endants (sic) counsel- Atty. roilan Ca'altera-is ust a stone t#ro aay %ro$ t#e o%%ice o% Q&etitioners counsel- it# an esti$ate (sic) distance o% a'out200 $eters $ore or less.5. ;etitioner %urt#er alle"ed t#at t#e &ost o%%ice as a'out ten (10) ti$es %art#er %ro$ t#e o%%ice o% Atty. Ca'altera.,. ud"e autistaRica%ort issued an order statin" t#at under Section 11 o% Rule 13 it is it#in t#e

discretion o% t#e Qtrial court #et#er to consider t#e &leadin" as %iled or not- and denyin"- %or lac o% $erit-&etitioners $otion to e&un"e t#e Anser (it# Counterclai$s) and to declare &rivate res&ondents inde%ault.?. ;etitioner i$$ediately $oved %or reconsideration o% t#e order- 'ut &u'lic res&ondent ud"eautistaRica%ort denied t#is $otion in #er order 'y statin" t#at Section , o% Rule 1 o% t#e 1DD? Rules o% Civil ;rocedure ordains t#at t#e Rules s#all 'e li'erally construed in order to &ro$ote t#eir o'ective o% securin" a ust- s&eedy and ine&ensive dis&osition o% every action and &roceedin".

9ssues:


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counsel o%%"uard- t#us leavin" t#e latter it# little or no ti$e to &re&are- %or instance- res&onsive&leadin"s or an o&&ositionB or (2) u&on receivin" notice %ro$ t#e &ost o%%ice t#at t#e re"istered &arcelcontainin" t#e &leadin" o% or ot#er &a&er %ro$ t#e adverse &arty $ay 'e clai$ed- unduly &rocrastinatin"'e%ore clai$in" t#e &arcel- or- orse- not clai$in" it at all- t#ere'y causin" undue delay in t#e dis&ositiono% suc# &leadin" or ot#er &a&ers.9% only to underscore t#e $andatory nature o% t#is innovation to our set o% adective rules re/uirin"&ersonal service #enever &ractica'le- Section 11 o% Rule 13 t#en "ives t#e court t#e discretion toconsider a &leadin" or &a&er as not %iled i% t#e ot#er $odes o% service or %ilin" ere resorted to and noritten e&lanation as $ade as to #y &ersonal service as not done in t#e %irst &lace. #e eercise o% discretion $ust- necessarily- consider t#e &ractica'ility o% &ersonal service- %or Section 11 itsel% 'e"insit# t#e clause #enever &ractica'le.


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9"$edio Azaar vs. Court % A&&eals And C#a$ Sa$co W Sons- 9nc. – ianca orla"dan.R. *o. !40D45*ove$'er 10- 1D+,


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ustice *arvasa

1. #is case ori"inated %ro$ a co$&laint %iled 'y &etitioner 9"$edio Azaar a"ainst res&ondent C#a$Sa$co and Sons- 9nc. in t#e Re"ional rial Court o% Ca$arines Sur. AzaarGs clai$ is t#at #e #ad&urc#ased %ro$ de%endant C#a$ Sa$co nails o% various sizesand #ad "iven ;1+-000.00 as &ay$entt#ereo%B 'ut in 'reac# o% contract- C#a$ Sa$co #ad o%%ered to deliver only a &art o% t#e /uantity ordered.2. C#a$ Sa$co %iled a $otion to dis$iss on to "rounds: (1) %ailure o% t#e co$&laint to state acause o% actiont#e co$&laintGs lan"ua"e indicatin" not a &er%ected sale 'ut $erely an No%%er to 'uy 'y&lainti%% t#at as &artly acce&ted 'y de%endant-N and %ailin" to s#o t#at as e&licitly re/uired 'y t#e order %or$ &rices #ad 'een con%ir$ed 'y C#a$ Sa$coGs Nanila %%ice-N and (2) t#at venue as i$&ro&erlylaidC#a$ Sa$coGs invaria'le conditions in transactions o% t#is nature- as Azaar ell ne %ro$ $anysuc# transactions in t#e &ast- 'ein" t#at Nany le"al action t#ereon $ust 'e instituted in t#e City o% anila.3. Contendin" t#at suc# a notice as %atally de%ective and rendered t#e otion to 7is$iss inca&a'leo% to t#e &eriod to anser- Azaar %iled a $otion dated e'ruary 20- 1D?4 to declare C#a$ Sa$co inde%ault- #ic# t#e Court "ranted. y rder dated e'ruary 22- 1D?4 t#e Court &ronounced C#a$ Sa$coin de%ault and alloed Azaar to &resent evidence e &arte.4. #en on arc# 30- 1D?4- t#e rial Court rendered ud"$ent 'y de%ault a"ainst de%endant C#a$Sa$co.5. #e Court o% A&&eals set aside t#e ud"$ent 'y de%ault rendered a"ainst C#a$ Sa$co 'y t#eRe"ional rial Court- and directed t#at C#a$ Sa$co 'e alloed to %ile its anser to t#e co$&laint and

a%ter oinder o% issues- trial 'e #ad and ud"$ent rendered on t#e $erits.,. C#a$ Sa$co /uite %ranly ad$its its error. 9t &leads #oever t#at under t#e circu$stances t#eerror 'e not re"arded as irre$edia'le or t#at it 'e dee$ed as constitutin" ecusa'le ne"li"ence-arrantin" relie%. 9t ar"ues t#at le"al and lo"ical considerations- #ic# it too to 'e tena'le- caused it tot#eorize t#at a #earin" on t#e $otion as dis&ensa'le.

9ssue:


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7octrine:#e uni%or$ #oldin" o% t#e Court #as 'een t#at a %ailure to co$&ly it# t#e #earin" re/uire$ent is a %atal%la. 6oever- t#e Court $ay 'rus# aside tec#nicality and a%%ord &etitioner its day in court so t#at t#eends o% ustice ould 'e 'etter served.

7is&ositive:#e Resolutions o% t#e Court o% A&&eals a&&ealed %ro$ are a%%ir$ed. Res&ondent is alloed to %ile itsanser to t#e co$&laint and a%ter oinder o% issues- trial 'e #ad and ud"$ent rendered on t#e $erits.

*eri v. 7e !a ;eFa – .R. Cara" A.. *o. R051+D,B A&ril 2D- 2005;onente: Corona- .


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ACS:#e case ste$s %ro$ a $otion %or reconsideration %ro$ a civil case o% da$a"es %iled 'y one Aznar- t#e&lainti%% in t#e ori"inal case- a"ainst Citi'an. #e $otion %or reconsideration as rera%%led to t#e sala o% Res&ondent ud"e 7e !a ;eFa. ud"e 7e !a ;eFa "ranted t#e $otion %or reconsideration #ic#&ro$&ted t#e %ilin" o% Atty. *eri o% t#e ad$inistrative case no in dis&ute- c#ar"in" Res&ondent ud"e o% dis#onesty and "ross i"norance o% t#e la. Res&ondent ud"e- in #is de%ense- contended t#at #e 'ased#is decision %ro$ an e &arte $ani%estation $ade 'y Aznar. ;etitioner assailed t#e Res&ondentMsa&&reciation o% t#e e &arte $ani%estation as Citi'an as not served a co&y o% suc#.

#e %%ice o% t#e Court Ad$inistrator (CA) %ound Res&ondent ud"e lia'le %or violatin" %or violatin"Section 4- Rule 13 #ic# re/uires t#at adverse &arties 'e served co&ies o% all &leadin"s and si$ilar &a&ersB in relation to Section 5- Rule 15 #ic# re/uires a $ovant to set #is $otion %or #earin"- unless it isone o% t#ose #ic# a court can act u&on it#out &reudicin" t#e ri"#ts o% t#e ot#er &artyB 'ot# &rovisionso% t#e Revised Rules o% Civil ;rocedure.

Accordin" to t#e CA- t#e %act t#at &lainti%% Aznar #ad %ailed to serve a co&y o% #is e &arte $ani%estationu&on Citi'an s#ould #ave 'een reason enou"# %or res&ondent to disre"ard t#e sa$e. #e CA %oundRes&ondent only lia'le %or si$&le $isconduct.9SS@: o% noin"ly renderin" an unust ud"$ent or order as deter$ined 'y a co$&etent court in an a&&ro&riate &roceedin" and is #ere'yS@S;*77 %ro$ o%%ice %or si $ont#s. Considerin" t#e "ravity o% t#is o%%ense- #e is #ere'y arned t#atanot#er in%raction o% t#is ind ill $erit a &enalty 'eyond $ere sus&ension %ro$ &u'lic o%%ice.

oiser v ud"e A"uirre- r. – . R. Cara" A.. *o. R041++,B ay 1,- 2005;onente: C#ico*azario- .


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ACS:#e case ste$s %ro$ an eect$ent case %iled 'y ;etitioner oiser a"ainst one ulleza- #ic# as decidedin %avor o% oiser 'y t#e C.


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acts: A co$&laint- dated e'ruary 4- 2004 as %iled it# t#e %%ice o% t#e Court Ad$inistrator (CA)-co$&lainant aria eresa 6. 7e esus c#ar"ed res&ondent ud"e Renato . 7ila" o% t#e Re"ional rialCourt o% lon"a&o City- ranc# ?3- it# "ross i"norance o% t#e la- renderin" unust orders- a'use o% aut#ority and $isuse o% court &rocesses.Co$&lainant alle"ed inter alia t#at on Au"ust 2,- 2002- #er #us'and es. Rule 15 o% t#e 1DD? Rules o% Civil ;rocedure- as a$ended- are:SC9* 4. 6earin" o% $otion. ce&t %or $otions #ic# t#e court $ay act u&on it#out &reudicin" t#eri"#ts o% t#e adverse &arty- every ritten $otion s#all 'e set %or #earin" 'y t#e a&&licant.very ritten $otion re/uired to 'e #eard and t#e notice o% t#e #earin" t#ereo% s#all 'e served in suc# a$anner as to ensure its recei&t 'y t#e ot#er &arty at least t#ree (3) days 'e%ore t#e date o% #earin"-unless t#e court %or "ood cause sets t#e #earin" on s#orter notice.SC9* 5. *otice o% #earin". #e notice o% #earin" s#all 'e addressed to all &arties concerned- ands#all s&eci%y t#e ti$e and date o% t#e #earin" #ic# $ust not 'e later t#an ten (10) days a%ter t#e %ilin" o% t#e $otion.SC9* ,. ;roo% o% service necessary. *o ritten $otion set %or #earin" s#all 'e acted u&on 'y t#ecourt it#out &roo% o% service t#ereo%.Res&ondent ud"e 'latantly disre"arded t#e &rovisions. 9nstead o% denyin" t#e $otion outri"#t %or 'ein"

$ani%estly de%ective- #e "ranted t#e sa$e.


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Relative to t#e c#allen"ed rder dated cto'er 4- 2002- res&ondent ud"e s#os #is i"norance o% t#e;#ili&&ine 9$$i"ration Act o% 1D40- as a$ended. #is la con%ers u&on t#e Co$$issioner o% t#e 97- tot#e eclusion o% t#e courts o% ustice- t#e &oer and aut#ority to en%orce its &rovisions- s&eci%ically t#ead$ission o% %orei"ners to t#is country.


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acts: 9n a co$&laint %or su$ o% $oney %iled 'e%ore t#e Re"ional rial Court o% anila (ranc# 3?)-doceted as Civil Case *o. D4?1,3D- &etitioner ;er$anent Savin"s and !oan an sou"#t to recover %ro$ res&ondent ariano 8elarde- t#e su$ o% ;1-000-000.00 &lus accrued interests and &enalties- 'asedon a loan o'tained 'y res&ondent %ro$ &etitioner 'an- evidenced 'y t#e %olloin": (1) &ro$issory notedated Se&te$'er 2+- 1D+3B (2) loan release s#eet dated Se&te$'er 2+- 1D+3B and (3) loan disclosurestate$ent dated Se&te$'er 2+- 1D+3. ;etitioner 'an- re&resented 'y its 7e&uty !i/uidator a%ter it as&laced under li/uidation- sent a letter o% de$and to res&ondent on uly 2?- 1D++- de$andin" %ull &ay$ento% t#e loan. 7es&ite recei&t o% said de$and letter- res&ondent %ailed to settle #is account. Anot#er letter o% de$and as sent on e'ruary 22- 1DD4- and t#is ti$e- res&ondentMs counsel re&lied- statin" t#at t#eo'li"ation is not actually eistin" 'ut covered 'y conte$&oraneous or su'se/uent a"ree$ent 'eteent#e &arties VT

9n #is Anser- res&ondent disclai$s any lia'ility on t#e instru$ent- t#us:#e alle"ations in &ar. 2- Co$&laint- on t#e eistence o% t#e alle"ed loan o% ;1illion- and t#e &ur&orteddocu$ents evidencin" t#e sa$e- only t#e si"nature a&&earin" at t#e 'ac o% t#e &ro$issory note- AnneAT see$s to 'e t#at o% #erein de%endant. 6oever- as to any lia'ility arisin" t#ere%ro$- t#e recei&t o% t#esaid a$ount o% ;1illion s#os t#at t#e a$ount as received 'y anot#er &erson- not t#e #ereinde%endant. 6ence- no lia'ility attac#es and as %urt#er stated in t#e s&ecial and a%%ir$ative de%enses t#at-assu$in" t#e &ro$issory note eists- it does not 'ind $uc# less is t#ere t#e intention 'y t#e &arties to'ind t#e #erein de%endant. 9n ot#er ords- t#e docu$ents relative to t#e loan do not e&ress t#e true

intention o% t#e &arties.

9ssues:1. es. #e $ere &resentation o% su&&osed docu$ents re"ardin" t#e loan- 'ut a'sent t#e testi$ony o% aco$&etent itness to t#e transaction and t#e docu$entary evidence- cou&led it# t#e denial o% lia'ility 'yt#e de%endant does not su%%ice to $eet t#e re/uisite &re&onderance o% evidence in civil cases. #edocu$ents- standin" alone- unsu&&orted 'y inde&endent evidence o% t#eir eistence- #ave no le"al 'asisto stand on. #ey are not co$&etent evidence. Suc# %ailure leaves t#is Court it#out a$&le 'asis tosustain t#e &lainti%%Ms cause o% action and ot#er relie%s &rayed %or. #e loan docu$ent 'ein" c#allen"ed.;lainti%% did not eert additional e%%ort to stren"t#en its case 'y t#e re/uired &re&onderance o% evidence.n t#is score- t#e suit $ust 'e dis$issed.


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V #e 'an s#ould #ave &resented at least a sin"le itness /uali%ied to testi%y on t#e eistence andeecution o% t#e docu$ents it relied u&on to &rove t#e dis&uted loan o'li"ations o% 8elarde. V #is %allss#ort o% t#e re/uire$ent t#at ()e%ore any &rivate ritin" $ay 'e received in evidence- its due eecutionand aut#enticity $ust 'e &roved eit#er: (a) y anyone #o sa t#e ritin" eecutedB (') y evidence o% t#e "enuineness o% t#e #andritin" o% t#e $aerB or (c) y a su'scri'in" itness. (Rule 132- Sec. 21-Rules o% Court) V

9t is not true- as t#e an clai$s- t#at t#ere is no need to &rove t#e loan and its su&&ortin" &a&ers as8elarde #as already ad$itted t#ese. 8elarde #ad in %act denied t#ese in #is res&onsive &leadin". Andconsistent it# #is denial- #e o'ected to t#e &resentation o% ar/uez as a itness to identi%y t#e #i'itso% t#e an- and o'ected to t#eir ad$ission #en t#ese ere o%%ered as evidence. #ou"# t#ese ere"rud"in"ly ad$itted anyay- still ad$issi'ility o% evidence s#ould not 'e e/uated it# ei"#t o% evidence.V

2. >es. A readin" o% res&ondentMs Anser- #oever- s#os t#at res&ondent did not s&eci%ically deny t#at#e si"ned t#e loan docu$ents.


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Res&ondentMs o'li"ation under t#e &ro$issory note 'eca$e due and de$anda'le on cto'er 13- 1D+3.n uly 2?- 1D++- &etitionerMs counsel $ade a ritten de$and %or &etitioner to settle #is o'li"ation. ro$t#e ti$e res&ondentMs o'li"ation 'eca$e due and de$anda'le on cto'er 13- 1D+3- u& to t#e ti$e t#ede$and as $ade- only 4 years- D $ont#s and 14 days #ad ela&sed. #e &rescri&tive &eriod t#enco$$enced ane #en res&ondent received t#e de$and letter on Au"ust 5- 1D++. #us- #en &etitioner sent anot#er de$and letter on e'ruary 22- 1DD4- t#e action still #ad not yet &rescri'ed as only 5 years- ,$ont#s and 1? days #ad la&sed.


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oaz 9nternational radin" Cor&oration and .R. Ce$ent Cor&oration v.


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dis$issin" t#e case as &ro&er and in accord it# Section 5 o% Rule 1+- #ic# &rovides t#at NQt#e %ailureo% t#e &lainti%% to a&&ear Q%or &retrial s#all 'e cause %or dis$issal o% t#e action.NSecond- a%ter violatin" t#e rules on &retrial-


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rancisco A.. 7e !iano- Al'erto . 8illaA'rille r.- and San i"uel Cor&oration v. Court o% A&&eals andena$in A. an"o- 3?0 SCRA 34D (2001) – #ea 7enilla.R. *o. 14231, *ove$'er 22- 2001

;**: 7 !*- R.- .ACS:1. RC o% Kuezon City- ranc# 22?: issued a 7ecision orderin" San i"uel Cor&oration to releaseto t#e &lainti%% t#e onerGs du&licate co&y o% C *o. 2DD551 in t#e sa$e o% ena$in A. an"oB to releaseto &lainti%% t#e ori"inals o% t#e R contracts and to cause t#e cancellation o% t#e annotation o% t#e sa$eon &lainti%%s C *o. 2DD551B and to &ay t#e &lainti%% t#e %olloin" su$s: ;100-000.00 as and 'y ay o% $oral da$a"esB ;50-000.00 as and 'y ay o% attorneyGs %eesB costs o% suit.2. 9n 'rie%- t#e case involved t#e cancellation o% to (2) real estate $ort"a"es in %avor o% &etitioner San i"uel Cor&oration (SC) eecuted 'y &rivate res&ondent ena$in A. an"o over #is #ouse and lotin Kuezon City.3. #e $ort"a"es ere t#ird &arty or acco$$odation $ort"a"es on 'e#al% o% t#e s&ousesernardino and Car$elita 9'arra #o ere dealers o% SC &roducts in A&arri- Ca"ayan. t#er de%endants in t#e case ere rancisco A.. 7e !iano and Al'erto . 8illaA'rille- r.- #o are senior eecutives o% &etitioner SC.4. ;etitioners SC- 7e !iano and A'rille a&&ealed t#e a%oresaid decision to t#e Court o% A&&eals.

5. 9n due ti$e- t#eir counsel- Atty. d"ar . A%a'le- %iled an A&&ellantsG rie% #ic# %ailed to co$&lyit# Section 13- Rule 44 o% t#e Rules o% Court.,. ;rivate Res&ondent an"o as /uic to notice t#ese de%iciencies- and accordin"ly %iled a Notionto 7is$iss A&&ealN.?. Re/uired to co$$ent- t#e ;etitioners averred t#at t#eir 'rie% #ad su'stantially co$&lied it# t#econtents as set %ort# in t#e rules. #ey &ro%%ered t#e ecuse t#at t#e o$issions ere only t#e result o% oversi"#t or inadvertence and as suc# could 'e considered N#ar$lessN errors. #ey &rayed %or li'erality int#e a&&lication o% tec#nical rules- addin" t#at t#ey #ave a $eritorious de%ense.+. CA: issued t#e %irst assailed resolution dis$issin" t#e a&&eal.D. ;etitioners sou"#t to #ave t#e %ore"oin" resolution reconsidered. Si$ultaneously- t#rou"# t#esa$e counsel- t#ey %iled a Notion to Ad$it A$ended 7e%endantsA&&ellantsG rie%.T10. CA: denied t#e consolidated $otions in its Resolution.11. 6ence- t#is &etition %or revie certiorari.

9SS@S: Q1


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and any ot#er $atters necessary to an understandin" o% t#e nature o% t#e controversy- it# &a"ere%erences to t#e recordB(d) @nder t#e #eadin" NState$ent o% acts-N a clear and concise state$ent in a narrative %or$ o% t#e %actsad$itted 'y 'ot# &arties and o% t#ose in controversy- to"et#er it# t#e su'stance o% t#e &roo% resultin"t#ereto in su%%icient detail to $ae it clearly intelli"i'le- it# &a"e re%erences to t#e recordB(e) A clear and concise state$ent o% t#e issues o% %act or la to 'e su'$itted to t#e court %or its ud"$entB(%) @nder t#e #eadin" NAr"u$ent-N t#e a&&ellantGs ar"u$ents on eac# assi"n$ent o% error it# &a"ere%erences to t#e record. #e aut#orities relied u&on s#all 'e cited 'y t#e &a"e o% t#e re&ort at #ic# t#ecase 'e"ins and t#e &a"e o% t#e re&ort on #ic# t#e citation is %oundB(") @nder t#e #eadin" NRelie%-N a s&eci%ication o% t#e order or ud"$ent #ic# t#e a&&ellant seesB and(#) 9n cases not 'rou"#t u& 'y record on a&&eal- t#e a&&ellantGs 'rie% s#all contain- as an a&&endi- aco&y o% t#e ud"$ent or %inal order a&&ealed %ro$.#is &articular rule as instituted it# reason- and $ost certainly- it as not intended to 'eco$e acusto$ $ore #onored in t#e 'reac# t#an in t#e o'servance.N 9t #as its lo"ic- #ic# is to &resent to t#ea&&ellate court in t#e $ost #el&%ul li"#t- t#e %actual and le"al antecedents o% a case on a&&eal.#e %irst re/uire$ent o% an a&&ellantGs 'rie% is a su'ect inde. #e inde is intended to %acilitate t#erevie o% a&&eals 'y &rovidin" ready re%erence- %unctionin" $uc# lie a ta'le o% contents.*et- #en t#e a&&ellant #as "iven an account o% t#e case and o% t#e %acts- #e is re/uired to state t#eissues to 'e considered 'y t#e a&&ellate court. #e state$ent o% issues is not to 'e con%used it# t#eassi"n$ent o% errors: t#ey are not one and t#e sa$e- %or ot#erise- t#e rules ould not re/uire a

se&arate state$ent %or eac#.#erea%ter- t#e a&&ellant is re/uired to &resent #is ar"u$ents on eac# assi"ned error. #e &etitionerMsar"u$ents "o #and in #and it# #is assi"n$ent o% errors- %or t#e %or$er &rovide t#e usti%icationsu&&ortin" #is contentions- and in so doin" resolve t#e issues.!astly- t#e a&&ellant is re/uired to state- under t#e a&&ro&riate #eadin"- t#e relie%s &rayed %or. 9n so doin"-t#e a&&ellate court is le%t in no dou't as to t#e result desired 'y t#e a&&ellant- and act as t#ecircu$stances $ay arrant.#e Court re$inds $e$'ers o% t#e 'ar t#at t#eir %irst duty is to co$&ly it# t#e rules- not to seeece&tions.Q2 #e Rules o% Court &rescri'e to (2) $odes o% a&&eal %ro$ decisions o% t#e Re"ional rial Courts tot#e Court o% A&&eals.

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