COMPOSED BYINDRI WIRAHMI BAY, S.Pd

Meeting IMAKING REQUESTS (DEGREE OF POLITENESS)

In any kind of interaction, there are polite and impolite forms of speech. The degree of politeness required is determined by the situation and the people involved in the interaction.

Interactions require three areas of Language. These are Vocabulary, Grammar and Communication Skills.

Let's look at some of basic the vocabulary of Requests and Requests for Information.

Please to request a favor want can may to ask for Would like have

I wonder a request How Could able to

Communication Skills - these are the skills that need to be learned within the context of culture. Why are these important?What you say What you don’t say How you say it.When you say it Where you say it Why you say itTo whom you say it.

Degree of politenessImpolite “Get me a coffee”Neutral “Coffee please”More Polite “May I have the menu, please?”

Very Polite “I wonder if I could have a coffee, please?”

Meeting IIRequesting information Impolite “tell me where you live”Neutral “can you ask to your friend about the

party?”More Polite “could you tell me where the post

office is , please?”Very Polite “I wonder if you could show me the

way, please?”

Meeting IIIRequesting Information(Interrupting)

Getting people's attention and interruptingThere are certain occasions when you must

interrupt people who are in the middle of doing something else. It is important to know how to do this, as well as when it is socially acceptable to do it. In this lesson, you will study interrupting people and getting people's attention, two functions that are very closely linked.

In fact, when you try to interrupt people then you will get their attention. It is important to do it in polite way.

Here are some examples how to interrupt and get people’ attention1. rise your hand2. say excuse3. say your name4. knock the door if you are out of the room5. say “attention please”6. etc

Meeting IVPreferences

Have you ever get confuse to choose two things you like but you must decide one of them? You will apply the following examples below when you are in stump situations.

examples: (a) I prefer apples to oranges(b) I prefer watching TV to studying (c) I like apples better than oranges(d) I like watching TV better than studying (e) Ann would rather have an apple than (have) an orange(f) I’d rather visit a big city than live there

Questions:(a) Would you rather have an apple or an orange. I’d rather have an apple(b) Would you rather go to a museum or a sport even?. I’d rather go to a sport even

(c) Which one do you prefer, (the blue one or the red one)?

I prefer the blue one (to the red one) (d) Which one do you like better/more, (the blue one or the red one?)

I like the red one (better than the blue one)

Meeting VGiving Commands or Information (directing)

When you need any unclear information, you better ask someone by the following questions belowDo you have any information about …………?Can you tell me anything about …………?Are you be able to tell me anything about ….?Could you give me the number of ………?

Examples responses* I am sorry. I don’t have any information about that number.* I’m sorry, I can’t help you with that one.* No. I only have information about supermarket on the Palm Street.* No, but I can help you with number…….

How do you get from ……… to………When you answer the question reference must

be made to the physical layout of the map. You will use words such as left, right, on your right, straight, turn, ahead, to the left, etc.

Meeting VI

Giving and Clarifying Instruction Giving instruction

bat racquet* Hold the ball like this Club* Stand in this position* Turn the left* Bend your elbows

Giving Clarifying* Like this?* Is this what you mean?* Do you mean this way?

Meeting VIIEXPRESSING FEELINGS AND OPINIONS(LIKE AND DISLIKES, AGREE AND DISAGREE)Asking About Likes and Dislikes

What is your favorite time of day?What vegetable do you like?What sports don’t you like?

Expressing Likes and DislikesI love ……………..I really like …………..I like …………I don’t care for ………..I can’t stand ………….

Expressing Opinions I think …………I don’t think that color is good for youI believe that you will find meI don’t believe ………..I agree ……………..I don’t agree……In my opinion ……………….

Meeting IXASKING FOR OR GIVING ADVICE

ShouldMy clothes are dirty. I ought to

wash them had better

Should, ought to, and had better have basically the same meaning. They have: “This is a good idea. This is good advice”

You need your sleep. You shouldn’t stay up late Negative: should + not = shouldn’t

I’d better You’d betterHe’d better study tonightShe’d betterWe’d betterThey’d better

Contraction of had = ‘dNote: usually had is the past form of have. However, in the expression had better, had is used as part of an idiom and the meaning is not past. The meaning is present or future.

Ought to is usually not used in negativeThe negative of had better is had better not,

and it often carries a warning of bad sequencesExample. You had better not be late! If you are

late, you will get into a lot of trouble.

Asking for Suggestion What do you think he/she should do?What do you suggest?What would you do?

Giving Advice/Explaining Consequences I think he should ………I don’t think she should ………I think he ought to ………If she ……, she will be able to ………If he ……, he won’t be able to ………If I were her, I would ………

Meeting X

Inviting An invitation consists of requesting someone's presence, staring the specific event, and setting the time and place.• Spoken invitations• Formal written invitations• RSVP address• Regrets only

Accepting an Invitation:1. Thank the person or express pleasure at being invited.2. Get the necessary details of place, time, dress standards, etc

In an informal situation you can ask how you can help

Refusing an InvitationApologyReason for refusalPossible second apology

Non-invitationsWe’ll have to get together sometime You'll have to come over and visit us sometime You'll have to come over sometime. We’ll have to get together again soon If you're ever in Houston, look me up If you're ever in Pittsburgh, give me a call If you're ever in the area, come and visit

Responses:I'd love to.Yes, that would be nice.

Meeting XI-XIITHANKING PEOPLE AND REPLY TO THANKS

Responding to offers of thanks in some situations are important if you want to be considered polite. Perhaps the situations where you need to respond are different in Indonesia

Presenting Someone with Something I’d like you to have this gift. I hope you like it

ShirtI thought you’d like this necklace

book

Expressing Thanks Thank you so very muchIt was so kind of youThanks. It’s greatThanks a lot

When to Thank* For a gift* For a favor* For an offer of help* For a compliment and a wish of success* When asked about their health* For an invitation* When leaving a party or social gathering* For services, such as being waited on in a store or restaurant

CHAPTER XIII-XIVEXPRESSING ANGER AND RESOLVING CONFLICT

There are many things that make people angry. Some of these are fairly predictable given the situation; others are highly personal and idiosyncratic. There are certain situations / words that can make Westerners angry. You must be cautious when expressing or reacting to anger in a language not your own. If you say the wrong thing the situation could get worse. It is best to try to resolve the issue.

The following situations will make many Westerners angry: Breaking a PromiseLying Interfering in personal matters Breaking a confidence Taking something without permission Being Insulting Falling to apologize Falling to thank someone Falling to return invitations

There are several possible ways to express anger or hostility.Blowing off steam Mild rebuke Extreme politeness Silence Sarcasm Screaming and yelling Threatening

CHAPTER XVEXPRESSING PROBABILITY AND POSSIBILITY LOGICAL CONCLUSION AND PREDICTION

Probability refers to logical conclusion (must) (a) Nancy is yawning (b) She must be sleepyIn (a), speaker B is making a logical guess. He bases his guess on the information that Nancy is yawning. His logical conclusion, his “best guess is Nancy is sleepy. He uses must to express his logical conclusion

(a) She must like to play tennis (b) Amy plays tennis everyday

Negative Logical Conclusion: (a) Eric ate everything on his plate except the pickle(b) He must not like pickles

Possibility refers to prediction (may, might, could)(a) It may rain tomorrow(b) It might rain tomorrow.(a) Why isn’t John in class?(b) I don’t know. He may/might be sick today

May and might express possibility in the present or future. They have the same meaning. (a) it may not rain tomorrow(b) it might not rain tomorrow (c) She may have forgotten our invitation(d) She might have forgotten the time(e) Her car could have broken down

A. why isn’t’ Greg in class?B. I don’t know. He could be sickLook at those dark clouds. It could start raining any minute

In A: “he could be sick“ has the same meaning as “He may/might be sick”. They mean it is possible that he is sick.