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Computer GraphicsDr. Chris Stryker - COL 270

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Did computers alwayshave monitors?

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Stepping BackInto the Future...

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Could you do

computer graphicswithout monitors?

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http://www.asciimation.co.nz/http://www.asciimation.co.nz/http://www.asciimation.co.nz/

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Early ComputerGraphics

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Pixels

Pixel

Shortened form of Picture Element

A single dot on the screen

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http://spacewar.oversigma.com/http://spacewar.oversigma.com/

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Apple II -1977

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Pixels

Pixel

Shortened form of Picture Element

A single dot on the screen

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Megapixels

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Megapixels

You can find out the number of megapixels

by multiplying the horizontal and vertical

pixels in the image

3.9 megapixels (2272 x 1704 = 3,871,488)

15 megapixels (4492 x 3328 = 14,949,376)

An image with a lot of pixels is also calledhigh resolution.

An image with a low number of pixels is

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Pixel Art

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Binary Math Basics

Base 10

103

102

101

100

1000 100 10 1

9567

9 X 1000 + 5 X 100 + 6 X 10 + 5 X 1

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Mac 1984

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Mac OS X

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The Graphical User Interface (GUI)

All controls

All images

All text

Everything on the screen

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Photoshop

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Photoshop

verb ( photoshops, photoshopping,

photoshopped ) [ with obj. ]

alter (a photographic image) digitally usingcomputer software: (as adj.

photoshopped) : goofy photoshopped

pictures of politicians.

ORIGIN 1990s: from Adobe Photoshop, the

proprietary name of such a software

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How long before we

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can do this real time?

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Revised Reality

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y

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Image

File Typesand Extensions

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8.3 Filenames

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88888888.333

8 letters for the filename

3 for the file extension or type

.DOC, XLS, MP3, AVI, GIF, JPG, PDF

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Long File Names

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g

Long filenames (LFN), are a way of

implementing filenames longer than the 8.3

filename, or short-filename, naming schemeused in early computers

Because these filenames can be longer than

an 8.3 filename, they can be moredescriptive

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Long File Names

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8.3_filenamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8.3_filenamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8.3_filenamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8.3_filenamehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8.3_filename

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g

Another advantage of this scheme is that it

allows for longer extensions

.JPEG, .TIFF, .HTML vs.

.JPG, .TFF, .HTM

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Image File Types

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extension

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g yp

.BMP (Windows Bitmap)

.PICT (Mac Picture)

.GIF (Graphical Interchange Format)

.JPG/.JPEG (Joint Photo Group)

.PNG (Portable Network Graphics)

.TIF/.TIFF (Tagged Image Format)

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A Matter ofInter retation

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Inter retation

By the File Extension!

Files must be named properly to be used/

understood by your computer

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JPEG / JPG

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JPEG image software is one the major

Open Source packages

Because it was open source, JPEG became aglobal standard for storing images and was

incorporated by many companies into a

variety of products such as image editors,

Internet browsers, cameras and phones

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Lossy Compression

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100KB 1 KB

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Important!

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The more you edit and re-save a JPG

image, the more it compresses and the

worse the image looks.

Dont open a JPG and then save it again as

another JPG.

Saving with the same name may alsodestroy your original, high-quality image.

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iThink

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Why would anyone want lossy

compression when lossless is available?

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Tests at Amazon revealed that for every

100 ms increase in load time of its

webpages, sales decreased by 1%(Kohavi and Longbotham 2007).

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GIF

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Compressed using a lossless data

compression technique

Reduces the file size without degrading the

visual quality

Backgrounds of GIF images can also be

transparent!

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_data_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_data_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_data_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_data_compression

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Animated GIFs

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GoogleAnimated GIFs

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PNG

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Portable Network Graphics:

A bitmap image format

Uses lossless data compression

Created to improve upon and replace GIF

The best choice for most images?

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_data_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_file_formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_Interchange_Formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_data_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lossless_data_compressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_file_formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graphics_file_formathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphicshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raster_graphics

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Terms

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Bit

Byte

Binary Digit

Color Gamut

Interface

GUI

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