Computer Computer BasicsBasics

&

Computer EvolutionComputer Evolution

• 1642 Blaise Pascal – mechanical adding machine

The Punch CardThe Punch Card

• 1890 Herman Hollerith – invents a machine using punch card to tabulate info for the Census. He starts the company that would later be IBM.

ENIAC ComputerENIAC Computer 1946 – ENIAC could do in one day what a human 1946 – ENIAC could do in one day what a human

could do in 4 dayscould do in 4 days• Miles of wiringMiles of wiring• 18,000 vacuum tubes18,000 vacuum tubes• Thousands of resistors and Thousands of resistors and

switchesswitches• No monitorNo monitor• 3,000 blinking lights3,000 blinking lights• Cost $486,000Cost $486,000• 100,000 additions per 100,000 additions per

secondsecond• Weighed 30 tonsWeighed 30 tons• Filled a 30x50 foot roomFilled a 30x50 foot room• Lights of Philadelphia Lights of Philadelphia

would dim when it booted would dim when it booted upup

1950’s1950’s• The first computer chip

was invented

1960’s1960’s• The first mouse was invented• The first computer game was

invented• Beginning of the internet called

“Arpanet” was created

1970’s1970’s

• First floppy disk drive

• “C” programming language was invented

• Apple II was the first useful computer created

1980’s1980’s• Bill Gates develops the first

personal computer • Personal Laser jet printers invented• First color computer

1990’s1990’s• The WWW was invented• Virtual Reality was invented

The Information The Information Processing CycleProcessing Cycle

INPUTINPUT OUTPUTOUTPUT

AUXILIARYAUXILIARYSTORAGESTORAGE

PROCESSINGPROCESSING

INPUT DEVICESINPUT DEVICES (Hardware)(Hardware)

• Keyboard• Mouse• Microphone• Trackball• Image

scanner

• Touch tone telephone• Touch screens• Bar code scanner• Voice recognition• Auxiliary Storage

Device

INPUTINPUT

• Central Processing Unit: CPU• The Brains or Intelligence of

the computer. • Controls input and output• interprets instructions• executes instructions.

• Hertz: the speed of the CPU

PROCESSINGPROCESSINGPROCESSINGPROCESSING HARDWAREHARDWARE

ProcessorsProcessorsCome in Many SizesCome in Many Sizes

• MainframeMainframe: large, powerful, serving many connected terminals. Super Computers

• MinicomputerMinicomputer: mid-sized, serves more than one user at a time

• MicrocomputeMicrocomputerr: PC, individual workstation

• Laptop:portable, smallLaptop:portable, small• HandheldHandheld: Palm Pilots

What two numbers are What two numbers are used in Binary Code?used in Binary Code?

• 0 and 1• They are each called a BIT• 8 BITS make a BYTE• 1 BYTE makes a letter or

number• KILOBYTE = 1,024 bytes• MEGABYTE = 1,048,576 bytes• GIGABYTE = 1,024 megabytes• TERABYTE = 1,024 gigabytes

MEMORY MEMORY PROCESSING HARDWAREPROCESSING HARDWARE

ROM

READ ONLY MEMORY• Small• Instructions are

installed permanently at the factory

• Cannot be changed• These instructions

check the computer’s resources and looks for Operating System

RAM RAM

RANDOM ANDOM ACCESS CCESS

MEMORYEMORY

• Main Memory• Temporary—it is

erased when turned off.

• It is where programs and data is stored while being processed

MEMORYMEMORY

OUTPUT DEVICESOUTPUT DEVICES((HARDWARE)HARDWARE)

• Useful information that leaves the system• Output Hardware includes:

•Monitor: soft copy

•Printers: hard copy

•Flat Panel displays

•Voice and music - speakers

•Synthesizers

OUTPUTOUTPUT

AUXILIARY STORAGE AUXILIARY STORAGE DEVICES DEVICES

• Network Drive (H: drive)

• Hard Disk Drive (C:drive)

• Floppy Disk Drive with 3 ½” Floppy Disk (A:drive)

• Jump (Flash) Drive • CD Read/Write Drive• Zip Drive

AUXILIARYAUXILIARYSTORAGESTORAGE

SOFTWARESOFTWARE

• Operating System Software•Windows 98: GUI (Graphical User Interface)•Windows XP: GUI (Graphical User Interface)•Unix•Linux

• Application Software•Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, Front Page,

Publisher•WordPerfect•Pagemaker, Photoshop, Dreamweaver

Programs that Make the Computer Work

What is the Boot What is the Boot Process? Process?

• The process of starting up a computer from a halted or powered-down condition.• Commands in ROM memory are followed

• The process of loading the Operating System software into Main Memory• Windows XP• Unix• MacIntosh

What boots up must come What boots up must come downdown

The Information The Information Processing CycleProcessing Cycle

INPUTINPUT OUTPUTOUTPUT

AUXILIARYAUXILIARYSTORAGESTORAGE

PROCESSINGPROCESSING